中职艺术设计专业素描教学现状与改革.docx

素描作为中职院校美术设计类专业的必考科目，是美术学习训练的很重要的环节，素描训练可以培养学生美术设计的抽象思维能力，为进行专业设计打好基础。但是由于计算机技术的普遍应用，社会市场需求的影响和一些教师的素描观念比较陈旧等原因，使得相当一部分设计专业学生甚至是教师对于素描在现代美术设计教学中的地位和作用产生了质疑，认为即使不学素描，照样可以学习设计，素描与设计的关系不密切。所以，中职院校应该积极创新素描教学工作，明确教学任务，将教学目标、教学内容和教学手段有机结合起来，使中职艺术专业的素描教学适应社会发展的实际需求，从而培养出有创新、有方法、有技术的艺术设计人才。一、素描训练在艺术设计中的作用艺术设计涉及平面广告、造型设计、服装和环境设计等。在艺术设计中，素描训练具有基础作用。由于设计者要在进行艺术设计之前，先将自己的想法以草图形式展示出来，甚至需要绘制效果图。而这就需要设计者具备一定的艺术文化素质和较扎实的素描基础。设计者的艺术文化素质不是天生的，是需要专业的训练和培养的，是长期的艺术实践和学习形成的。首先，素描就是设计与艺术的基础，素描重视的是线条、比例、透视、节奏、明暗等，这些要素有助于提升设计人员的形象思维能力。其次，在设计者面对可视物体时，于大脑中反映出线条和面的组合图像的过程，是需要素描训练来达到的。设计者的素描创作过程，不仅是再现素描实物的过程，而且包括了设计者自己的情感和表达方式。在素描训练的过程中，设计者的观察能力、空间思维能力、想象能力和素材积累能力等都潜移默化地得到了锻炼。如果脱离了素描的训练学习，只是通过电脑设计，那样设计出来的作品就没有内涵，没有审美情趣，没有价值。只有设计者认真地感受生活并热爱生活，才可能在设计中融入自己的感情，激发创作的灵感，从而设计出好的作品。二、素描教学的现状及社会需求近年来的素描教学没有多大进步，一直是以教师为中心的传统模式，素描的教学方式停留在教师单纯的讲述绘画技巧、经验等，教学内容比较乏味，教学形式单一，严重阻碍了艺术设计专业学生创新能力的发展，也不利于学生的自我发展和提高，严重偏离了能力为本、就业为导向、应用为目的的职业教育的指导思想。中职院校就应该探索新型的教学模式，在学生学习新方法、新技术的过程中培养并提高思维能力、创新能力等。只有这样，学校培养出来的艺术设计的学生才能更好地满足社会需求。三、素描教学的改革建议(一)更新素描教学理念新的职业教育教学的理念要求以能力为本、以就业为导向、以应用为目的。重视理论与实践相结合，不断将学习到的技术、知识应用到具体实践中。因此，中职院校的素描教学要创新教学理念，要以创新课题设计为中心，要培养学生的适应岗位和适应社会的能力。在创新教学理念的同时，素描训练的教师还要不断强化学生的创新创作意识，在素描的实际训练中，培养和提高学生的艺术感知能力、观察能力和抽象思维能力，尤其是培养学生从具体实物到设计主题的联想创新能力，以便更好地适应社会发展的需要。(二)改革素描教学模式中职院校的素描课程是艺术设计专业的基础课程，为了实现能力为本、就业为导向的教学目的，就要变革素描教学的手段和方法。下面介绍两种较为有效的素描教学手段，以供参考。一是素描项目教学法，就是将素描的工作分成几个项目，教师将各个项目分配给学生，让学生合作完成各自的素描项目。项目教学中，教师首先要求学生弄清学习的目标和任务，然后基于各自的项目内容，学生集体讨论并制定项目计划，最后教师进行项目实践教学，就是以素描项目为核心，将独立的课程内容相互联系起来进行实践教学。实践教学的优势在于，学生可以通过实际训练不断获取素描的理论和实践知识，培养自己的艺术灵感，从而提高实践创作能力。在素描的项目教学过程中，学生需要主动去查询并了解素描的相关知识，找到自己比较感兴趣的素描项目。在这一过程中，学生不仅增加了专业知识，培养了学习兴趣，还提高了素描造型的能力，在与其他同学相互交流中就增强了团结协作的能力。中职艺术设计中的素描教学应用项目教学法，使得学生变成教学的主体，为完成自己的素描项目任务，学生积极主动去查找知识，不再被动去学习，在项目进行中，学生也能够充分发挥自由创作的能力。项目教学法能够实现理论与实践相结合，项目的目标和任务就是根据实际需求制定的，项目的具体实施过程就是素描理论知识应用于具体实践的过程。而且项目教学法更有针对性和时效性。二是素描信息化教学法，是通过信息化的手段来调动学生的学习兴趣。传统的素描教学模式只是教师不停地讲解，而信息化教学方式中，素描教师可以将素描的知识和范例通过课件、动画或视频等形式全方位地展示给学生，这样的新型的素描讲授方式更能激发学生的学习兴趣，更加积极主动去了解和学习素描知识、方法、技巧等，不但锻炼了学生的创新思维能力，而且提高了学生的素描造型能力。素描教学中应用信息化教学法有诸多好处：首先，素描信息化教学可以开阔学生视野。因为通过信息化教学，学生可以看到很多素描对象，看得多了，学生对素描作品的分析鉴赏能力就会相应提高。其次，信息化教学充分应用了信息技术。素描信息化教学充分运用信息技术，学生的素描学习不只停留在简单手绘实践阶段，学生可以在应用各信息产品的基础上，进行素描的学习。再次，素描的信息化教学可以提高学生素描造型的想象和创造能力。通过信息化手段将素描知识形象立体地展示给学生，使得学生能够充分发挥思维想象能力和创造能力。最后，素描的信息化教学法有助于教学水平的提高。应用信息化教学法，客观上要求素描教师也要与时俱进，不断学习新的知识、方法、技术等，从而提升教师的教学水平。四、总结中职院校的素描既是学生造型能力的基础，也是艺术设计基础的一部分，在艺术设计专业中的作用十分重要。因此，中职院校必须意识到素描教学的重要性，在明确教学任务的基础上，将教学目标、教学内容和教学手段有机结合起来，实现中职艺术专业的素描教学适应当今的社会发展的实际需求，从而培养出有创新、有方法、有技术的艺术设计人才。Sketch as a secondary vocational school for study subjects, majoring in art design is an important link in training, art learning sketch training can cultivate students art design of abstract thinking ability, lay a solid foundation for professional design. But due to the widespread application of computer technology, the influence of the social market demand and some reasons, such as teachers concept of sketch is old, makes a considerable part of design students and even teachers for the position and role of sketch in the modern art design teaching question, think that even if you dont learn sketch, so can learn design, drawing and design are not closely. So, secondary vocational schools should actively innovation sketch teaching, teaching tasks, teaching target, teaching content and teaching method of organic combine, make secondary vocational arts sketch teaching adapt to the needs of social development, so as to cultivate innovative, method and technology of art and design talents.A, the role of sketch training in art designArt and design in print ads, modelling design, clothing and environment design. In art and design, a sketch training has a basic role.Before because of the designers are in the art design will be displayed in the form of sketches, with ideas of his own even need to draw rendering. And this requires the designers have a certain artistic culture quality and the foundation of sketch.The designers artistic culture quality is not innate, it is need professional training and development, is the art of long-term practice and study. First of all, the sketch is the basis of design and art, drawing attention to the line, rhythm, proportion, perspective, light and shade, etc., these elements will help improve the image of the designers thinking ability. Second, in the face of visual object designer, to reflect the progress of the brain and the process of composite image, sketch training is needed to achieve. The designers sketch creation process, is not only reproduce the sketch of physical process, but also his own emotion and expression of its designers. In the process of sketch training, the designers observation ability, spatial thinking ability, ability to imagine and material accumulation are subtly get exercise. If from the sketch training study, only through the computer design, works as designed, there is no meaning, no aesthetic temperament and interest, no value. Only the designers carefully and deeply loves the life, feel life is possible in the design into their emotions, stimulate creative inspiration, to design a good work.Second, the status quo of sketch teaching and social needsSketch teaching is not much progress in recent years, is the teacher as the center of the traditional model, sketch teaching way to stay in the teacher just about painting skills, experience, etc., the teaching content is boring, teaching form is single, a serious impediment to the development of art design major students innovative ability, is not conducive to the students self development and improve, serious deviation from the capacity of this application, the employment as the guidance, the guiding ideology for the purpose of vocational education.Vocational schools should explore the new teaching mode, in the student learn new methods, new technology in the process of cultivation and improve thinking ability, innovation ability, etc. Only in this way, the school made art design students in order to better meet the needs of society.Third, the sketch teaching reform proposals(a) to renew the idea of sketch teachingNew concept of vocational education teaching requirements based on capacity, guided by employment, for the purpose of application. Attaches great importance to the combination of theory and practice, constantly learning to technology, knowledge applied to practice.Sketch teaching of secondary vocational colleges, therefore, to innovate the teaching idea, the innovation subject to design as the center, to cultivate the students ability to adapt to jobs and to adapt to the society. At the same time of innovative teaching ideas, the sketch of training teachers should constantly strengthen the students innovation consciousness, in the sketch of the actual training, cultivating and improving the students artistic perception ability, observation ability and abstract thinking ability, especially students from the concrete physical to design theme of innovation ability, in order to better adapt to the needs of social development.(2) the sketch teaching mode reformVocational schools of sketch course is a basic course of art design major, in order to achieve the capacity for this purpose, employment as the guidance of teaching, to change the means and methods of the sketch teaching. Here are two more effective means of sketch teaching, for your reference.Is a sketch project teaching method, is to sketch the work into several projects, the teachers will be allocated to each projects students, let students complete their sketch project cooperation. Project teaching, the teacher first requests the student to make clear the goals and tasks of study, and then based on their content of the project, the student collective discussion and make the project plan, the project practice teaching for teachers, is to sketch the project as the core, link each other independent course content for practice teaching. The advantage of the practice teaching is that students can get the sketch through practical training continuously the theory and practice of knowledge, cultivate their artistic inspiration, so as to improve practical writing ability.Project in sketch teaching process, students need to take the initiative to go to the query and relative knowledge of sketch, find the sketch they are interested in the project. In this process, students not only increase the professional knowledge, cultivate the interest in learning, and improve the ability of sketching shapes, in the interaction with other classmates will enhance the solidarity and collaboration capabilities.Sketch teaching in secondary vocational art and design application of project teaching method, make the students into the teaching of the main body, to complete her sketch project tasks, the students initiative to search for knowledge, and no longer passive to learn, in the project, students will also be able to give full play to the freedom of creative ability. Combination of theory and practice of project teaching method can achieve the goals and tasks of the project according to actual needs, set by the project specific implementation process is drawing theory applied in the process of concrete practice. And the project teaching method is more targeted and timely.2 it is to sketch the informationization teaching method, is through the information means to arouse students interest in learning. Traditional sketch teaching mode just teachers constantly, and the informationization teaching way, the knowledge and example of sketching teacher can sketch through all-around and courseware, animation, or video and other forms to the students, this new type of sketch teaching methods can stimulate students interest in learning more, more proactive to understand and study the sketch knowledge, methods, techniques, etc., not only exercise the students innovative thinking ability, and improve the sketch modeling ability of students.Sketch teaching in the application of informationization teaching method has many advantages: first of all, sketch the informationization teaching can broaden students horizons. Because through the informationization teaching, students can see a lot of sketch object, look at too many, students on the analysis of the sketch works appreciation ability will improve accordingly.Secondly, the informationization teaching fully the application of information technology. Sketch fully use of information technology, information-based teaching students sketch not only stay in a simple hand-painted practice stage, students can apply the information products, on the basis of the sketch of the study. Agai