M5U2_reading_语言点.doc

M5U2 readingLanguage points Class: Name: 2011-9-301. With me _(is/are) Mr. Lin Shuiqing, from the Society for Environmental Preservation, and Mr. Qian Liwei,an economist.跟我一起的有绿色环保协会的林水清先生,以及经济发展顾问钱利伟.此处为完全倒装,句子的主干结构应为:Mr. Lin Shuiqing and Mr. Qian Liwei are with me.语言知识分析：1)由于句子主语很长，而谓语部分相对较短，为了避免句子头重脚轻采用了倒装结构。Here are some books donated by the students of our school to those who are living in the mountains. 2) 在倒装结构中，介词短语放在句首，用完全倒装，构成以下结构：介词短语+be+主语，其中be动词还可以用stand, lie等动词替换。如：In the dark forests lies a beautiful lake. 1)On top of the books _ the photo album youre looking for. (05, 上海) A. is B. are C. has D. have 2)-Is everyone here? -Not yetLook , there_ the rest of our guests! (10江苏)A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming 2. open the floor for discussion the floor：意为“发言权”。又如：After they each had said a few words, Professor White took the floor. 他们各自说了几句话后，怀特教授开始发言。open the floor 自由发言 have/get the floor 取得发言权take the floor 开始发言 be given the floor 被准予发言3.I am talking to you today about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.我今天跟大家谈谈世界上大片区域是怎样受工业污染而破坏的。the way 是先行词，后接一个定语从句，way后面的关系词that/in which可以省略。1）I dont like the way you speak to her.A that B which C in that D where2）What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it . A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which Way还可以用 to do/ of doing作定语来修饰eg. The best way to learn English well is to keep practicing . = The best way_ _ English well is to keep practicing . 4.These boats catch large number of fish without giving them time to lay eggs.这些捕捞船捕捞大量的鱼类，根本不让它们有产卵的时间。lie-lied-lied-lying vi. 撒谎lie-lay-lain-lying vi. 躺，卧；位于lay-laid-laid-laying vt. 放置；产卵The little boy lied that he had laid the egg laid by the hen lying under the tree in the box. lie / lay1).I always feel relaxed when I _in bed, listening to music.2).Would you please _ the books on the table?3).You should always be honest and never tell_ to your friends.4）.Cuckoos(布谷鸟) _eggs in other birds nests. （lie, lay, lies, lay）5). _ down your weapons and walk slowly towards the door A. lie B. lay C. lying D. laying 5. Large numbers of fish (L15) a smaller number of fish (16)总结：Large numbers of / a number of +pl.许多。谓语动词用复数the number of+pl. 的数量。谓语动词用单数The number of the invited guests_ 50, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons .A. is, are B. are, is C.is, is D.are, are.large amounts of harmful chemicals (P15) the amount of things we make and buy (P21)the amount of rubbish (P22) the amount of things we recycle (P23)归纳：a large amount of或large amounts of一般接不可数名词 大量的the amount of+不可数名词/可数名词(做主语时谓语用单数) 的总量,数量l A large/great number o f = large/great numbers of =a great/good many / +pl.l A great deal of /a large amount of =large amounts of +ul A lot of / lots of / a large quantity of / large quantities of / plenty of / a mass of,masses of+ u/ pl.l Many a / more than one+ 单数名词，谓语动词用单数。注意：a largequantityof/largequantitiesof+可数名词/不可数名词，作主语谓语动词单复数随quantity或quantities本身而变。 Alargequantityofdictionarieshasbeen soldout. 许多字典已经卖出。 Largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeenspentonthelibrary. 大量的钱用在了图书馆。 1).The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _pictures of them. A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of2). As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _has covered the land. A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have6. This will result in a smaller number of fish left result in 导致, 结果是Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.fish left = remaining fish result from_ as a result_ as a result of_7. population人口Population 做主语指整体，谓语用单数，但是指里面的个体成员用复数。The population of China _(is/are) much larger than that of Japan. About 30 percent of the population in the village _(have/has) been struck by the illness. 这个村子大约有30%的人口受到这种疾病的侵袭. 注意：对population进行提问时，常用what 或 how large，不能用how many/much,如：_is the population of Japan?8. The worlds population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.grow by “净增了”，类似的表达 increase by, rise by等。 如： Sales of new cars in that country grew by 20 percent this year. grow to “增加到”。类似的还有increase to, rise to, climb to 如：The number of students at the college has grown to over 5,000. The price has increased to an unbelievable number._ 英语中倍数的表达法有：倍数 + as + many + 可数名词复数 + as倍数 + as +much + 不可数名词 + as 倍数 + 形容词（或副词）的比较级 + than + 其他 倍数 + the size / height / length / width. etc. + of + 其他 倍数+what从句这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍高。 The new building is _ _ _ _ the old one. The new building is _ _ _ the old one. The new building is _ _ _ _ the old one. The new building is _ _ _ the old one is.1At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _Great Britain.A.three times the size as B. the size three times ofC. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 2. It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much3.（03北京） He did it _ it took me. A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third timeD. one-third the time4. (03上海) The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im playing _here. A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much9. cut back on：reduce To save money, we should cut back on our spending._Many companies are cutting back on staff at the moment._ cut in 插进来说,插嘴,干预 cut off 切断,停掉 cut down 削减,砍倒 cut up 切碎1.He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was _ from the outside world.A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through2.I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _.A. cut in B. cut downC. cut out D. cut up10. It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.（1）It is clear/obvious that 很显然，it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。 It is quite clear that he is lying._( 2 )be concerned about _Read and study seriously and be concerned about world affairs. ( 3 )be concerned with _Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.( 4 )Concerning prep._如：The book deals with questions concerning Chinese history.11. be seen as 被视为主动形式：Seeas/ to be “将视为”。 You cant see him as a friend but a business associate.After his first novel was published, he was seen as one of the most outstanding new authors of his generation. 在他的第一部小说出版后不久,他就被视为他这一代最杰出的新秀作家之一。类似意思的短语还有：_12. They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities to the environment and only thinking about money.hide from / escape/avoid / ones responsibility to 回避对的责任 take/ shoulder responsibility for 对承担责任 be responsible for 对负责任 你必须对你所做的事承担责任. You must take _ _ what you have done. Mike对整个工程负责任。 Mike _ _ _ the whole project13.What Im here to say is that having worked side by side with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.（1）what Im here to say 是主语从句。（2）is that，that引导表语从句。我知道的是他从院子偷了一辆自行车。_ I know is _he has stolen a bike from the yard . having done在句中做状语，表示状语部分的动作发生在主句动作之前。否定是not having done 1. _(complete) the program, they have to stay here for two more weeks . 2. _ in the queue for half an hour, Thomas suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home . A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited14. The people operating these factories are very concerned about the environment .We need to stop thinking of companies as the enemy. 1). I talked with the girl standing under the tree just now .现在分词做定语表主动=I talked with the girl _ _ _under the tree. 2). The soldiers saved the people trapped in the flood .过去分词表被动表完成=The soldiers saved the people _ _ _ in the flood . （08福建卷）33. Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me?A. seat B. sit C seated D. sat (08湖南卷) 26. The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road . A. being blown down . B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blown down 15. Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order tosave the environment. 在主、宾、表、同位语从句中含有 suggestion, advice, requirement, order，request, demand等表“建议，要求，命令” 等意义的名词或相应的动词时，其后从句中用虚拟语气，谓语常由“should+动词原形”构成，should可省略。The advice that the teacher gave was that the students (should) go to bed early during exam time. 老师提出的忠告是同学们在考试期间应该早点上床睡觉。我们必须呆在这里,这是命令。The orders are that we (should) stay here. suggest还可作“暗示”、“表明”“使人想起”等解，这时主语往往是物，后面接宾语从句时，其谓语动词要用陈述语气。 1. I suggest that a doctor _immediately. A. be sent for B. was sent for C. must send for D. should send for2. His red face suggested that he _ a lie. A. told B. tell C. tells D. telling3. My suggestion is that he_ a few people to help them.A. sends B. sending C. send D. be sent16.But I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled但有一点我非常赞同；循环利用或许是对两者都有利的关键。1) do :对动词进行强调，第三人称用does, 过去时为did.1）.Do shut up, Georgia, and get on with your homework.2）.Do write and let me know how youre getting on.3）.Can I buy stamps here? Well, we do sell them, but we havent got any at the moment.4）.Cars do cause us some health problems -in fact far more serious ones than mobile phones do. 5）. He did make a big mistake . 6). Smoking does do harm to peoples health.17. Asking around , I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.Asking around= when I ask around 分词短语做状语，句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，用来表时间，原因，结果，条件，方式或伴随等，通常可以转化成相应的状语从句。 Walking along the street , she saw a little girl running up to her . =_ along Being ill , he couldnt come to school yesterday. =_The car ran at an amazing speed, knocking into the wall.=, _.Working hard, you will achieve your goal .=_, you will= _, and you will achieve your goal.They all went to the playground , talking and laughing . _状语(浙江卷). _ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest .A.Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized24. _ that she was going off to sleep , I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 18. What if we run out of space ? What if = What should I / we do if 或= what would happen if.:如果怎么办/如果事情会怎样？1) What if what he said is true? What if it rains while we are still on our way home?What if he gets angry? 比较：What about going out for a walk after supper ?-Ill go to Paris next month. - What for ?2) run out of / run out的区别I have run out of my pocket money.= _(用run out 改写句子) We are running out of fuel .= our fuel is running out . o The little girl ran a high fever.o My father runs a big company.o The color of this T-shirt runs easily.o Luckily, they ran away from the fire . o I ran across one of my old friends in the street this morning . o The two policemen are running after a thief .o His car ran into the post . 19.课文中的非谓语动词：1.Other types of waste flow into our water, _(kill) river and sea life.2.Sometimes we need help _(get) along with others.3.I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, _(say) how easy it was. 4.Amanda and her friend, Sharon,are sitting on the sofa,_ (talk).5.Theyre still sitting on the sofa,_(continue) the same conversation on the same topic.6._(work) with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.8._（ask）around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price .7. The people _ (operate) these factories are deeply concerned about .9.Do you know the boy_（stand) at the door? 10.The workers _（work） in the factory are well-paid. 11.If you harm the environment, you should have to pay for it _ (repair).12. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or pipes _(pour) chemical waste into rivers. They think of greedy businessmen _(hide) from their responsibilities and only _(worry ) about the money.13. We need to stop_(think) of companies and businessmen as the enemy, and given them more credit!14. Speakers in a debate will represent opposite views on the subject _(discuss).15. As a business development consultant, Im often seen as _( be) against the environment.（一）作文句子翻译：（可先自己翻译，然后对照课文原句背诵，最后默写）1. 一个健康的环境对我们的生存很重要。（welcome 部分）2. 但是世界大片地区被化学废物所损害。3. 很多地方已经被毁坏，动植物也死了，真是太可怕了！4. 工厂产生了大量的有害的化学物质。他们产生的废物进入大气，使我们生病，其他形式的废物进入水流中，杀死了河里和海里的生物。5. 这将导致我们将来剩下的可以吃的鱼很少。6. 当我们损害环境的同时，我们不断的生育越来越多的人，他们需要更多的地方住，更多的食物吃。7. 世界人口比1800年增加了6倍，现在人口的数量是70亿。8. 我建议我们应该努力减少生产，减少我们制作和购买东西的数量是我们的职责。9. 大量垃圾也变成一个严重问题。我们应该要多考虑回收废物。10. 增加我们回收的东西的量，并且教会人们不损害环境的生活方式是不错的。11. 同时，我们甚至还能创造更多的工作帮助我们国家变得更发达。（二）1. 很明显你对现在的环境形式很关心。2. 人们通常有这种观点：发展是对环境有害的，但这不一定是对的。3. 我确实同意我们应该从我们回收的材料中生产更多的东西，从原材料中少生产些，因为它们的供应正越来越少。4我们需要更好的法律来保护环境，并同时允许国家发展。5. 为一些东西付更高的价格并不总是件坏事。5. 那些污染环境的工厂应该付更高的税收。Unit2一单项选择1. - What does Canada export? - Large amounts of wheat _ sent abroad. A. isB. areC. haveD. is being2. Much to the couples comfort, their income is now double _ it was five years ago. A. thatB. thanC. whichD. what3. It is a good plan in theory, but it _ to be seen whether it works in practice. A. waitsB. staysC. standsD. remains7. The old man is badly ill and he needs _ to hospital at once. A. to takeB. takingC. being takenD. taken5. His failure in the driving test _ his carelessness. A. resulted fromB. resulted inC. led toD. brought about6. I _ to go to the lecture yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. meantB. would meanC. was to meanD. had meant7. Whatever he promises, you cant _ anything. A. rely on his doingB. depend on his doing C. rely on him to doD. advise him to do8. When he came back, his _ look on his face, he failed in the interview. A. disappointedB. disappointingC. encouragedD. encouraging9. Nobody is think the film is _ worth _ again. A. very; to seeB. well; to be seenC. well; seeingD. very; being seen10. If there is anything wrong with the sentence, please _. A. pick it outB. pick it upC. pick itD. pick it on11. He is not a bit mean(吝啬的; 自私的); instead he is always _ to help anyone in trouble. A. possibleB. probableC. likelyD. willing12. When a discussion is under way, everybody is welcome to have the _ in class. A. floorB. timeC. chanceD. right13. What is _ is that try as they may, they cant avoid the economic crisis. A. beneficialB. difficultC. effectiveD. clear14. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them. A. many ofB. large amounts of C. a large number ofD. a good deal of15. There is still a long way to go to solve all the problems _ conservation of natural resources. A. concerningB. concernedC. concerning about D. concerned about16. The Tower of London is _ the Church tower. A. twice high than B. two times as high as C. twice higher as D. three times the height of 17. I want to leave now; I cant _ nothing useful here. A. stand to doB. stand doingC. stand being done D. stand to be doing18. Yesterday morning in a city in the USA, a crowd of dustmen went on a strike to _ complaints about their low pay. A. expressB. tellC. speakD. say19. The workers are going all out(全力以赴)to make the output(产量 )_ three times what it was five years ago. A. grow toB. grow upC. grow byD. grow into20. As these new products are not selling well, the members of the board have decided to _ production. A. cut outB. cut inC. cut back on D. cut off21. He explained that not only _be taken but also _ that do his bit for the protection of the environment. A. should government measures; should everyone B. should government measures; everyone should C. government measures should; should everyone D. government measures should; everyone should22. What do you think of his story in the