第07章 贸易法规与产业政策(英文习题).doc

国际经济学第七章 贸易法规与产业政策 英文习题 SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS（ ）1. The World Trade Organization（世界贸易组织） was established by the _ of multilateral trade negotiations（多边贸易谈判）.a. Kennedy Round b.Tokyo Round c.Uruguay Round d.Clinton Round（ ）2. A trade policy designed to alleviate（减少） some domestic economic problem by exporting it to foreign countries is known as a (an):a. International dumping policy b.Trade adjustment assistance policyc. Most-favored-nation policy d.Beggar-thy-neighbor policy（以邻为壑）（ ）3. Under U.S. commercial policy, which clause permits the modification of a trade liberalization agreement on a temporary basis if serious injury occurs to domestic producers as a result of the agreement?a. Adjustment assistance clause b.Escape clause（免责条款）c. Most-favored-nation clause（最惠国待遇条款）d.Reciprocal-trade （互惠贸易）clause（ ）4.The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（关税与贸易总协定） and its successor, the World Trade Organization, have resulted in:a. Termination of export subsidies applied to manufactured goodsb. Termination of import tariffs applied to manufactured goodsc. Encouragement of beggar-thy-neighbor policiesd. Reductions in trade barriers via multilateral negotiations（ ）5. Throughout the post-World War II era, the importance of tariffs as a trade barrier has:a. Increased b. Decreased c. Remained the same d.None of the above（ ）6.Suppose the United States imposes trade sanctions（贸易制裁） (export quotas) on grain sold to the Russians. Assuming other nations do not increase grain exports to the Russians, all of the following would occur except:a. Grain prices would rise in Russiab. Consumer surplus would decrease for the Russiansc. Grain prices would rise in the United Statesd. Export revenues would decrease for U.S. producers（ ）7. Export embargoes（出口禁运） induce greater losses in consumer surplus for the target country:a. The lesser its initial（起初的）dependence on foreign produced goodsb. The more elastic the target countrys demand schedulec. The greater the available output from alternative（可供选择的） suppliersd. The more inelastic the target countrys supply schedule（ ）8.Suppose the president lowers tariffs on radios as the result of negotiations under the trade agreements program. Radio producers in the United States can appeal under the:a. Escape clause（豁免条款） if rising imports substantially injure the U.S. radio industryb. Escape clause if rising unemployment occurs even though imports remain unchangedc. Infant industry clause if rising imports cause unemployment to rise among U.S. radio workersd. Infant industry clause if rising imports result in losses for U.S. radio companies（ ）9.During the past four decades:a. Nontariff barriers (NTBs) （非关税壁垒）and tariffs have increased in importanceb. NTBs and tariffs have decreased in importancec. NTBs have increased and tariffs have decreased in importanced. NTBs have decreased and tariffs have increased in importance（ ）10.The strongest political pressure for a trade policy that results in higher protectionism comes from:a. Domestic workers lobbying（游说） for import restrictionsb. Domestic workers lobbying for export restrictionsc. Domestic consumers lobbying for export restrictionsd. Domestic consumers lobbying for import restrictions（ ）11.Industrial policy attempts to fulfill all of the following objectives except:a. Improving the infrastructure（基础设施） for an industryb. Easing transitions（迁移） for workers in declining industriesc. Supporting troubled industries if the difficulty is temporaryd. Fostering（培育） industries which offer long-run comparative disadvantage（ ）12.Economic sanctions（经济制裁） are most effective in causing the target nation to modify its behavior when the:a. Target nation had negligible economic relationships with the imposing nation prior to the sanctionsb. People of the target nation have weak cultural ties to the people of the imposing nationc. Sanctions are levied by a large number of nationsd. Target government is supported by the majority of its people（ ）13.In 1995 the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was replaced by the _.a. Agency for International Development（国际开发总署）b. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（经济合作与发展组织）c. United Nations Center for Trade and Development（联合国贸易和发展会议） d. World Trade OrganizationTRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS（ ）1.Under the normal-trade-relations (most-favored-nation) principle（最惠国待遇原则）, two nations agree to apply tariffs to each other at rates as low as those applied to any other nation.（ ）2. According to the normal-trade-relations (most-favored-nation) principle, if the United States extends MFN treatment to China and then grants a low tariff on imports of shirts from South Korea, the United States is obligated to provide the identical low-tariff on imports of shirts from China.（ ）3. According to the escape clause（免责条款）, temporary trade restrictions may be imposed in industries where domestic producers are substantially being harmed by surging imports.（ ）4.Under the provisions of the World Trade Organization, Canada would have the right to impose countervailing duties（反补贴税） on imports of South Korean steel when the South Korean government provides export subsidies to its steelmakers.（ ）5.U.S. antidumping duties（反补贴税） are intended to neutralize exports to the United States at prices below average total cost or exports to the United States at prices lower than those charged in the exporters home market.（ ）6.Copyrights（著作权）, trademarks（商标）, and patents（专利） are used to protect the intellectual property（知识产权） of a nation from foreign imitators.（ ）7.Industrial policy attempts to foster（促进） the development of industries that offer long-run comparative disadvantages and which are insulated（使隔离） from other sectors of the economy.（ ）8.According to the strategic-trade-policy（战略性贸易政策） hypothesis（假设）, governmental subsidies（补贴） granted to domestic producers can help them in capturing economic profits from foreign competitors.（ ）9.The strategic-trade-policy hypothesis assumes that domestic firms operate under increasing cost conditions as well as in perfectly competitive markets（完全竞争市场）.（ ）10.The classical theory of comparative advantage assumes that firms operate in imperfectly competitive markets（不完全竞争市场）, while the theory of strategic trade policy assumes that firms operate in perfectly competitive markets（完全竞争市场）.（ ）11.According to the strategic-trade-policy hypothesis, a subsidy granted to domestic exporters may lead to increased export profits which more than offset the cost of the subsidy to domestic taxpayers.（ ）12.Assume that the United States is the only supplier of grain to China and that it levies a partial export embargo（出口禁运） against China. The embargo leads to increased U.S. welfare if