动词时态语态讲练 14 3 19.docx

14动词的时态语态I、重点难点解析 高考中通常是把时态和语境结合起来考查。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是10种。一 动词的基本形式一览表形式变化规则构成方法例词原形see, finish, teach现在时第三人称单数形式一般情况加-slooklooks, writewrites以ch, sh, s, x结尾加-esteachteaches, finishfinishesguessguesses, mixmixes以o结尾加-esdodoes, gogoes以 “辅音字母y”结尾变y为i ，加-estrytries, crycries过去式过去分词规则变化一般情况加-edstaystayed, looklooked以不发音e结尾直接加-ddecidedecided, hopehoped以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母再加-edstopstopped, admitadmitted以 “辅音字母y”结尾变y为i ，加-edcarrycarried, trytried现在分词一般情况加-inggogoing, readreading以不发音e结尾去e，再加-inghavehaving, writewriting以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母再加-ingcutcutting, runrunning二 常用10种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表时 态构 成常用时间状语一般现在时动词原形（第三人称单数+s等）always, usually, often, sometimes, every,etc.一般过去时动词过去式yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last,ago, etc.一般将来时will（shall）+动词原形tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next, in two days, etc.be going to+动词原形过去将来时would+动词原形多用于间接引语的宾语从句中将来进行时will（shall）+be+现在分词at eight（this time）tomorrow, etc.现在进行时am（is, are）+现在分词now, during these days, etc.过去进行时was（were）+现在分词at eight（this time）yesterday, etc.现在完成时have（has）+过去分词already, just, yet, since, for, etc.过去完成时had+过去分词by,before, etc.现在完成进行时have（has）+been+现在分词for, since, etc.三 注意以下几种时态的区别1. 一般过去时和现在完成时1）一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，不关现在。I wrote a letter this morning. (只说明写了一封信的事实)2）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态，但和现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。不能和表过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加“已经”。 I have written a letter this morning. (我已经写了一封信，有继续写第二封的可能，现在还是早上。)2. 一般过去时和过去进行时1）一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。 It rained heavily last night.昨晚雨下得很大。(强调下雨，并不强调持续时间)2）过去进行时侧重于强调某动作的持续过程或表示动作在进行。 It was raining cats and dogs last night昨晚整整一夜都在下倾盆大雨。(强调没停，一直持续)3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时1) 现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。 I have read that book. (已读完)2）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。 I have been reading that book all the morning.( 还没读完)一 动词的被动语态构成一览表（以ask为例）常用被动语态构 成常用被动语态构 成1一般现在时am/is/are asked6过去进行时was/were being asked2一般过去时was/were asked7现在完成时have/has been asked3一般将来时will/shall be asked8过去完成时had been asked4过去将来时should/would be asked9过去将来完成时will/would have beenasked5现在进行时am/is/are being asked10含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked高考考点：动词的考点是： 谓语和非谓语谓语：首先判断这个动词是充当谓语还是非谓语，如果句子没有谓语，那就是充当谓语：要考虑：1.时态 a). 时间状语 b). 语境( 句子周围的动词)2.语态 a). 读语境，有没有被的意思 2. 看动词是及物还是不及物动词，如果是及物动词后面没有跟名词或代词，那应该是被动。3. ByI (tell) that he had passed the exam. 3. 主谓一致时态:一般现在时概念：经常反复发生的动作，带有规律性，频率。结构：be形式 is am are 行为动词 do/doesI play football every day. 时间状语：often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, once a week/year/month, every.第三人称单数动词变化规则1.s2.以x,s,ch,sh，o, 结尾esFix, guess, wash, watch, go3. 以辅音y结尾，变y为iesTry-tries, fly-flies, carry-carries.2. 一般过去时概念：动作的过去，或者过去常做某事。结构：be 一般过去时形式 was/were行为动词 did， ed+ed, 以辅音y结尾变y为iedCarry-carried, try-tried, 重读闭音节 双写最后一个字母edStop-stopped, ship-shipped, 时间状语：ago, last., yesterday.I played football yesterday.3. 一般将来时概念：将来发生的动作。结构：will+动词原形 is/am/are going to时间状语：，in the future, next, tomorrow, in +时间段I will go home tomorrow.4. 过去将来时概念：站在过去看将来。结构：would动词原形 was/were going to do时间状语：多用于宾语从句。因为宾语从句，如果主句用一般过去时，从句就要用过去相关的时态。He tells me that he will be back tomorrow.He told me that he would be back tomorrow. 5.现在进行时概念：现在或者某个时间点正在发生的动作。结构：is/am/are doing时间状语： now, at this/the moment, at this time, these days(现阶段)现在分词的变化规则1. ing2. 重读闭音节双写最后一个字母ingPut-putting, swim-swimming, shop-shopping,3. 以e结尾去掉eingTake-taking, make-making, hide-hiding,4. ie结尾把ie改为yingLie-lying, die-dying, 6. 过去进行时概念：过去的某个时间点上正在发生的动作结构was/were doing时间状语：at 8 oclock yesterday, at that moment.句型：he was doing his homework when I came in. He was doing his homework while I was playing games.7. 现在完成时概念：就是过去发生或者完成的动作对现在产生的影响。 结构：has/have done(过去分词)时间状语：already 已经, yet尚还没有(用于疑问句和否定句)， for+时间段，in the past 时间段 （在过去某段时间里），since（自从）时间点，just(刚刚)，so far(到目前为止)，up till now(到现在为止)I have been a teacher since last year.8. 过去完成时概念：动作发生在过去的过去。结构：had done时间状语：by（到。为止）过去时间，before+一般过去时I had finished my homework by the end of last week.I had finished my homework before you came back. 9. 现在完成进行时概念：动作在某个时间段一直持续结构：has/have been doingI have been reading the novel for the whole morning.1.看时间状语，2. 周围动词，语境3. 被动练习1.(1). The sun was setting down when my car _ ( break ) down near a remote and poor village . ( 07广东) (2). Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ ( result ) in the contrary to our intention. （ 08广东）(3).People stepped on your feet or _ ( push ) you with their elbows.（09广东）(4).“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _ ( inform ).（09广东）(5).After a four-day journey, the young man _ ( present ) the water to the old man（10广东）(6). He _( pretend ) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.（11广东）(7). Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sun glasses. He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. (2012)(8) One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen .Suddenly, he 16 (find) that he had run out of salt.(2013)练习21. Remember to send me a photo of us next time yo_ (write) to me. 2. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ (work) in a radio factory at that time. 3. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ (wear) your sweater inside out. 4. I know Mr. Brown; we _(introduce) to each other at an international conference.5. They wont buy new clothes because they _ (save) money to buy a new house.6. The plane _ (leave) at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.7. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ (prefer) coffee. 8. The vegetables didnt taste very good. They _ too long. 9. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ (come) from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work. 10. You wont know whether the coat fits you until you _ (try) it on. 11. _ (leave) it with me and Ill see what I can do. 12. With the development of science, more new technology _(introduce) to the field of IT. 13. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _ (call) the Pacific, and we met no storm. 14. By the time he leaves university, he _ (gain) much working experience so long as he takes a part-time job. 15. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ (leave) office soon. 16. A new theatre _ (build) here. They hope to finish it next month. 17. The report said that the UFO _ (travel) east to west when he saw it. 18. This is the first time I _ (watch) such an exciting game. 19. When I got there, I _ (tell) that he _ (go) to Shanghai. 20. We _ (hope) to catch the 9:30 train, but found it was gone. 21. I _ (live) in Xi an for ten years by next May. 22. Its high time we _(have) a holiday. 23. The last time I went to my hometown, a big factory _(build) there. 24 Great changes _(take place) in the city, and lots of factories have been set up.25. They got married last week after they _ (engage) several years. ; 26. When the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners _(seat) . 27. The AntiJapanese War _ (break out) in 1937 and it lasted eight years. 28 Unless he _ (promise) to help us, we shall lose the game. 29. You dont need to describe her. I _(meet) her several times. 30. Dont you know its the first time he _(attend) this kind of meeting? 31. This dictionary mustnt _ (take) away from the library. 32. We cant use the bridge now, because it _ (repair). 33. No permission _ (give) for anybody to enter the building. 34. Many bridges _ (build) over the river since liberation. 35. Old people must be looked after well and _ (speak) to politely. 36. Dinosaurs _ (disappear) about 65 million years ago. 37. They _ (ask) to help the farmers with the harvest last autumn. 38. Every possible means _ (try), but none proves successful. 39. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets (sell out) and I didnt get one.40 .They _ (wait) for the famous film star for two hours and they would wait until he arrived.41. By the end of last year we _ (learn) at least 3,000 English words.42. There _ (be) great changes in China in the past twenty years.43. So far only one third of the work _ (do)44. I was told that the coat _ (cost) about 2,000 dollars.45. The new pen _ (write) smoothly; why not get one?46. Suddenly a tall man with sunglasses _ (see) to enter the building.47. The water in the swimming pool _ (feel) a little cold.48 There is no doubt that your dream _ (realize) some day.49 Since 8 oclock this morning I _ (write) my composition but havent finished it yet.50. Something should _ (do) to prevent rivers from being polluted.51. I met Mary yesterday. We _ (see) each other for almost six years.52. I _ (tell) that the final exam will be put off next week.53. They moved to London ten years ago and they _ (live) there ever since.54. John got sick last week and _ (be) in bed since then.55. I _ (drive) along the road when an accident happened ahead.56. He doesnt live here any longer; he _ (move) to another city weeks ago.57. Our teacher explained to us that light _ (travel) faster than sound.58. All the employees _ (encourage) to work online at home.58. I noticed that the heros story _ (report) differently in the newspapers.59. Mummy, dont be worried about us. We _ (have) fun in the Peoples Park at this moment.60. This coat costs a lot and the cloth _ (wash) easily.练习31. 1)-Remember the first time we _ (meet)?-Of course. You _ (study) in Beijing University then.2) Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ (study) English for a year.2.1) The government _ (build) two factories in this region since the end of last year.2) The government _(build) two factories in this region by the end of this year.3.1) It _ (be) ten years since we left school.2) It _ (be) two years before we leave school.4.They _ (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ (still work) on it as no good results have come out so far.5.The pen I _ (think) I _ (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose.6.If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.7.She said that it _ (be) the second time she _ (see) the film.8.I dont really work here. I _ (just help) out until the new secretary arrives.9.Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 2039 _ (take) off at 18:40.10.-How are you today?-Oh, _ (not feel) as ill as I do now for a very long time.1. 1) My good friend _ (come ) from Guangdong.(是广东人)2) My good friend _ (come ) from Guangdong last week.(从广东来)12.1) Where _ (be) you? (你在哪儿)2) Where _ you _? (be) (你去了哪)3) Where _ he _ (go)? (他去哪了)13.1) Mr. John _ (teach) English in China for two years. (不在中国了)2) Mr. John _ (teach) English in China for two years. (也许仍在中国)14.1) I _ (read) that book. (读过那本书了)2) I