《中考速递》数词.doc

数 词一、河南中考英语说明考查点1基数词2序数词二、05- 09考点统计（按照分值排序） 近四年河南省未就数词作任何考查。三、考点分析和2011年中考预测 尽管河南省近四年都未对数词作任何考查，但是数词仍然是学生必须掌握的语言知识，并不能完全排除中考考查的可能性（因为河南中考对近年很多非热点项目都进行了考查）。2011河南中考最多考查1到2分。四、2011年中考锁定考点一: 基数词一、 基数词的构成1、基本表达形式1 基数词112的表达方式：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。2 基数词1319 都以-teen结尾, 单词中的两个音节都读重音。如：thirteen, fourteen, fifteen3 基数词2090整十都以-ty结尾，如sixty, ninety, eighty4 基数词 2199之间表“几十几”，书写时十位与个位之间加连字符,如：sixty-nine, eighty-eight5 基数词 101999 之间表“几百几”的基数词，在百位数hundred之后加and, 再读十位或个位。如365 three hundred and sixty-five. 6 基数词1,000以上数字的表达方式是：从右向左用分节号“,”分节，每三个数字为一节，第一个分节号前用thousand，第二个分节号前用million，第三个分节号前用billion或thousand million。例如：725,369 要书写成 seven hundred and twenty-five thousand, three thousand and sixty-nine 7 常考的书写特殊的基数词有以下5个：15 fifteen, 20twenty, 30thirty, 40 forty, 50fifty2、hundred, thousand, million, billion的用法1. 英文中的数字单位只有四个，分别是hundred, thousand, million, billion，为百、千、百万、十亿。如果想表达中文“万”和“亿”时，只需表达成ten thousand和a hundred million即可。2. 前面有具体数目时，hundred, thousand, million, billion仍用原形，直接加名词。a hundred students一百个学生, three thousand students三千个学生, five hundred thousand students 五十万个学生3. 短语hundreds of , thousands of , millions of , billions of均表数目很大，数量很多，但数目不确定。可分别译为“成百上千的”、“成千上万的”、“成百万上千万的”“成十亿上百亿”的。以上短语之前可用several, few, many, some等。此时hundred, thousand, million, billion用复数形式，后接of时。hundreds of students成百上千的学生millions of students成百万上千万的学生thousands of students成千上万的学生billions of students成十亿上百亿的学生( ) 1. More than two _ years ago, people knew little about the universe. A. thousands B. thousand C. thousand of D. thousands of解析：题干中出现了具体的数字two，所以thousand要用单数形式。 （答案：B） 拓展练习：( ) 1. _ visitors come to China every year. A. Thousands of B. Ten thousands C. Ten thousand of D. Thousand of解析：选项B、C中有具体的数字词，thousand应该使用单数形式。D中没有具体的数字，thousand应该使用复数形式。 二、 基数词的用法1、 表示数量的多少e.g. Three hundred people have lost their lives in the accident.2、 表示年份、时刻 e.g. He was born in 1952. 以下虽然不是考试的重点，但是是要求学生理解的内容，也是写作中经常涉及的内容。1. 年份用基数词，通常用阿拉伯数字表示，分成两位一读。年代前用介词in。如果是表“某年代”，加定 冠词the, 基数词后面加s和s均可。如：in 1987 读成 in nineteen eighty-seven 十九世纪八十年代 in the 1880s或 in the 1880s 2. 日期、世纪用序数词表示。如：July 3th 读做 July the third, 20th century 20世纪3. 年、月、日的顺序通常是月/日/年或日/月/年。如：1949年10月1日可记录和念成 October 1st, 1949 / 1st October, 1949 4. 表示时刻时用基数词，时刻前用介词at。它的表达方式有两种：1) 整点+ 分钟 7:10 seven ten 2) 分钟+ past/ to +小时：半个小时内（含半个小时）用介词past。超过半个小时用介词to,半个小时用half, 一刻钟通常用a quarter。 如7:10 ten past seven; 10:30 half past ten; 11:50 ten to twelve 3、 编号的表示以下虽然不是考试的重点，但是是要求学生理解的内容，也是写作中经常涉及的内容。1. Lesson One = the first lesson2. Bus No. 3 = the No.3 bus 3. 以上两种情况中，如果编号比较长，则读成基数词。如Page 457读成 page four five seven 4. 表示住所时不用No.，要读成room+数字。 如：302房间可以读成 Room 302 ( room three o two) 5. 电话号码用基数词，可单个读出，重复的数词可读成double，如：68855633可读成 six three eight five five (double five) six three three (double three) 4、分数的表示法此考点是考试重点。1分子为基数词，分母为序数词。分子大于1时，分母用复数。注意二分之一、四分之一、四分之三的表达方式。如：二分之一 one half, 四分之一 one quarter，四分之三 three quarters，五分之二 two fifths。2整数后带分数，用“基数词+and+分数”表示。如：e.g. two and one seventh3表示“几分之几的”用介词of。做主语的时候，谓语动词的数取决于介词of后面名词是复数还是不可数名词。如： 1). Three sevenths of the girls are from Zhengzhou. 七分之四的女孩子都来自于郑州。 2). Three quarters of the information is written in English in the world. 世界上四分之三的信息都是用英语写的。 （答案：A） 5、区分“基数词+连字符+（表度量衡的）名词”结构“基数词+连字符+（表度量衡的）名词”可当成一个合成词，在名词前面做定语。此时，（表度量衡的）名词应该用单数。 如：a two-minute time 两分钟的时间，a three-dollar book一本三元的书，a five hundred-meter street五百米的小巷，a one hundred and fifty- kilo boy 一个150公斤的男孩子以上“基数词+连字符+（表度量衡的）名词”结构可以转换为名词所有格形式，但此时的名词要随着数词作单复数形式的变化。如：a two-hour drive = a two hours drive。( ) 1. A new study proves a _walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fatA30-minute B30 minutes C30-minutes解析：这里既数词加上表时间单位的单词构成一个合成词，做定语修饰walk，译成“三十分钟的步行”。选项B的正确形式应为 30 minutes。选项C错在minute应该为单数。 （答案：A）拓展：Each of us has to write a report every two weeks. A. two-hundred-word B. two-hundreds-word C. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words解析：我们可以使用连字符和名词所有格两种形式来表达“。（度量衡）的。”。但使用连字符时其名词必须为单数，使用名词所有格时，当名词为复数时，只加不再加s。 （答案：A）6、数词与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词+单位名词+形容词”，表示事物的形状、年代、长度、距离等。如：e.g. The river is two metres deep. The house has 2,000 years old.“数词+单位名词+形容词”与前面所讲的“数词+名词”不一样，前者中的名词有单复数形式的变化，主要作be的表语或have的宾语，而后者短语中的名词用单数，作名词的定义。是比较：The lake is 100 meters deep. He took part in the 100-metre race.7、“几十”的复数形式表示年代或某人约几十岁。如：e.g. In the 1960s, people had to live a poor life. He invented many inventions in his 20s(twenties).8、基数词+more+名词复数= another +基数词+名词复数两者都表示“（在原来的基础上）有多了几个”。如：two more books = another two books 又多了两本书；再来两本书 ( ) 1. - Do you have enough men to carry the books? - No, I think I need _men. A. another B. two others C. more two D. two more解析：题意表达的是“（在目前基础上）我还需要两个人”。也可以说成：another two men. （答案：D）拓展训练：( ) 1. Could you give me _ chance? Ill try my best to succeed. A. two B. the other C. another解析：题意表示“（在原来的基础上）再给一次机会”。 （答案：C）考点二：序数词一、序数词的构成1 表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词。2 序数词119中，第一、第二、第三形式特殊为first, second, third外，其余都在词尾加-th即可。如sixth,seventh等。需要注意特殊拼写的三个单词：fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth.3 20-90之间的表示“第几十”的序数词，由以-ty的基数词变成序数词时，变y为i，加-eth即可。如：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth ( ) 1. Today is my mothers _ birthday. I will buy her a gift. A. fourteen B. fourteenth C. forty D. fortieth解析：此题考查特殊的序数词拼写。考生需要熟记高频考查的三个特殊拼写序数词。 （答案：D）3“第几十几”或“第几百几”只需要把对应的基数词的个位变成相应的序数词即可。如 thirty-one- thirty-first, one hundred and four- one hundred and fourth 【巧学妙记】123逐个记；8减t，9去e；-ve改-f，遇-y变-ie，然后再加-th；遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。二、序数词的用法1 序数词前面通常要加定冠词the，表示“第几个”。后面接单数名词。如：e.g. The second picture is very beautiful.2 如果序数词前面加的是不定冠词a/an，则表示“（在原来的基础上）又一，再一”的意思。( ) 1. -How was your day off yesterday?-Perfect! It was _ birthday of my grandmas. We had a big family celebration. (答案：B)A. eighty B. the eightieth C. eightieth解析：答句的意思是想表达“是我祖母第八十个生日”。A为基数词而不能使用，C缺少了顶冠词the. ( ) 2. He has already had two daughters and he got _ one recently. A. a third B. the third C. third 解析：B表“第三个女孩子”，是特指是那一个。而句意并非表达他生了那个特定的女孩子，而是表示“他已经有两个女儿了，（在原来的基础上）他又有了一个三女儿”。（答案：） 拓展训练：( ) 3. He had _ try after he failed twice and he succeeded ! A. a third B. the third C. third （答案：A） 3表示日期中的“日”，如2006年5月14日表示为：May 14th, 2006。读作：May the fourteenth, two thousand and six. 五、体系梳理；画龙点睛关于基数词变序数词：基变序，有规律，123肩靠肩。8去e，9去t， ve要用f替，辅（音）后y， yie，th结尾莫大意，若遇数字几十几，只变个位就可以。六、满分训练训练近五年中考未对数词进行专门考查。中考题源考点一( ) 1. Enshi is becoming a tourist city. _ people come here during the holidays every year. A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Five thousands of D. Five thousands( ) 2. During the seven-day May Day Holiday, _families went sightseeing. A. 10 thousands B. thousands C. thousands and thousands D. thousands of ( ) 3. It took me _ to find the key to the drawer. A. one and half hours B. one and half hour C. one and a half hours D. one and a half hour ( ) 4. -How long will you stay in Beijing? - For _. A. one and two days B. one and two day C. one or two day D. a day or two ( ) 5. - How many time have you been to China? - _. I still really want to come here. A. For the third time B. Three times C. A third time D. For three times. ( ) 6. - Dad, when will you be free? You agreed to go to the seaside with me ! - I am sorry, Jane. But I think I will have a _holiday soon. And well go there then. A. four-days B. four-day C. four days D. four day ( ) 7. Both of the two chairs are taken and I have to get _ one. A. a three B. a third C. a fourth D. the third ( ) 8. Money isnt enough for the project. _ thousand yuan is needed, I think. A. Only two B. Another two C. Two other D. More two 考点二 ( ) 9. Today is my mothers _ birthday. I will buy her a gift. A. fourteen B. fourteenth C. fortyD. fortieth( ) 10. Fathers Day is on _ Sunday of June. A. three B. third C. the third( ) 11. -Where does John live? -He lives on _ floor but he doesnt use a lift to go up and down. A. nine B. the ninth C. ninth D. a ninth( ) 12. -Good news! Bill won_ medal in the long jump just now-Really? Thats his_ one at our sports meeting Aa; four Ban; fourth Ca; fourth( ) 13. - How many presidents（总统）were there before Abraham Lincoln? - _, so he was _ president. A. Fifteen, the sixteenth B. Fifteen, sixteen C. Fifteenth, sixteen D. Fifteenth, the sixteen ( ) 14. There is a wrong word in line _. Where? In the _ line. A. two; two B. two; second C. second; two D. second; second ( ) 15. - Its 7:45. - Yes, its _. A. a quarter past seven B. a quarter to eight C. fifteen past seven oclock D. seven fifteen o clock( ) 16. Her grand father left Beijing _.A. in the summer of 2006 B. in the summer of 2006s C. in 2006 of the summer D. in 2006s of the summer ( ) 17. He came to china _ and has been here for quite a long time. A. in the 1980s B. in the 1980 C. in 1980s D. in 1980s ( ) 18. About _ of the workers in the factory were born in the _.A. two-thirds, 1970 B. two-thirds, 1970s C. two-third,1970 D. two-third, 1970s( ) 19. -There are sixty students in our class. And _ of us are boys.-Wow! You have forty girls! A. one fourth B. one third C. two fifth