人体解剖考试 英文试题.doc

有选择题、填空题、配对题、简答题四种题型。以下是部分复习提纲，请大家认真复习，还有些内容请看PPT或者教材。1.What is Anatomic position?2.Compare the difference in three types of cell transport.3.Compare the three different types of muscle tissue.4.Compare the difference between Red marrow and Yellow marrow 5.Describe the paths of pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. 1. A cut that divides the body into right and left parts is a median section. 矢状面2. A cut at right angles to the body axis is a horizontal section. 水平面3.A cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts is a coronal section.冠状面4.The tissues of the human body can be categorized into Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue ，nerve tissue，connective tissue.人体的组织可以分为上皮组织、结缔组织、肌肉组织、神经组织、结缔组织。5. Muscle Tissue includes Smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.肌肉组织包括：平滑肌，骨骼肌，心肌6. neurons have three parts cell body ,dendrites, axon. 神经元胞体有三个部分：细胞体,树突、轴突。7.four general classifications of bones: long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone. 四个骨头的一般分类:长骨头,短骨,平坦的骨头,不规则骨。8. Bones in adult are 206 in number9. There are 33vertebrae椎骨 in children，26 in adult, These joint types are called : Synovial滑膜关节 (moveable), Cartilaginous软骨连接Examples of cartilaginous joints include the joints between the vertebrae, the pubic bones of the pelvis. (very limited or no movement) fibrous or fused joints纤维连接 (no movement). suturesLigaments attach bone to bone, while tendons attach muscle to bone.the heart wall from out to in: epicardium , myocardium, endocardium心壁结构是：外层膜，心肌层，心内膜The primary pacemaker is sinoatrial node, which is situated in the wall of right atrium .起搏器是窦房结,这是位于右心房的墙Sequence of excitation: Sinus-Atrial node (SA node) to Atria to Atrial-ventricular node (AV node) to Atrioventricular Bundle to Purkinje Fibers 7-8%of human body weight is from blood.Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma血液是由红细胞,白细胞,血小板,血净lifespan of RBC about120days, and lifespan of Platelets about 9-10daysoropharynx and laryngopharynx serve as common passageway for food and air口咽和咽喉作为普通食品和空气通道Epiglottis provides protection against food and liquid being inhaled into the lungs since it covers the larynx and trachea during swallowing. 会厌提供防止食物和液体被吸入到肺部,因为它涵盖了在吞下喉和气管。 Right lung: 3 lobes Upper lobe Middle lobe Lower lobe Left lung: 2 lobes Upper lobe Lower lobeTidal volume潮气量(TV): the amount of air that enters the lungs in a single inhalation or leaves the lungs in a single exhalation of quiet breathing. Vital capacity 肺活量(VC): the total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation. This amount will be equal to the sum of TV, IRV, and ERV.A hormone is a chemical messenger secreted by an endocrine gland. Respiratory Rate、heart rate/BP Digestive tract is divided into parts as oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus , stomach, small intestine, large intestine消化道分为部分口腔、咽、食道、胃、小肠、大肠Digestive glands include saliva gland, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestinal glands消化腺包括涎腺、肝、胆囊、胰腺、肠道腺The CNS is composed of brain, spinal cord The PNS is composed of cranial nerves, spinal nerves Neuron is composed of a cell body, dendrites, an axon中枢神经系统是由脑,脊髓幼鼠由颅神经、脊髓神经神经元由胞体、树突、轴突reex arc consists of five components : receptor， sensory neuron, center, motor neuron, effector反射弧包括五个部分:受体,感觉神经元,中心,运动神经元,效应器16.The brain can be divided forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. 大脑可分为前脑、中脑和后脑。 .The function of GH(生长激素)13. There are 31 pairs of nerves that have their origin onthe spinal cord. They are: 有31对它们的起源在脊髓神经A. 5 cervical, 8 thoracic, 12 lumbar, 1 sacral, 5 coccygealB. 12 cervical, 5 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 8 sacral, 1 coccygealC. 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygealD. 1 cervical, 5 thoracic, 8 lumbar, 12 sacral, 1 coccygealE. 8 cervical, 1 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 8 coccygeal14. The spinal cord a. extends from the brain into the vertebral canalb. has a cervical, thoracic and lumbar regionc. provides only a one-way communication system between the brain and other body partsd. a and be. a and c18.The medulla oblongata is located :A. in the forebrainB. hindbrainC. left hemisphereD. none of the above4. Neurons come in which different type(s)? A. Sensory B. Motor C. Skeletal D. A and B 6. Fill the gap: receive information from another cell and transmit the message to the cell body. A. Dendrites B. Axons C. Cell body8. Match the keyword with its definition: a) sensory neuronsb) motor neuronsc) interneuronsC1. are found only in the central nervous system where they connect neuron to neuron.B2. transmit messages from the central nervous system to the muscles (or to glands).A3. carry messages from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.10. Impulses usually travel froma.dendrite, axon to cell bodyb.dendrite, cell body to axonc.cell body, dendrite to axond.cell body, axon to dendrite1. Epithelial cells can be shaped a. Like columns b. Like cubes c. Thin and flat d. All of the above2. Epithelial tissue is classified by a. Number of layers b. Composition of matrix c. Cell shape d. Both the number of layers and the cell shape1. Which type of tissue is multinucleated? a. Skeletal muscle tissue b. Cardiac muscle tissue c. Smooth muscle tissue2. A tissue that has intercalated discs is a. Cardiac muscle b. Skeletal muscle c. Smooth muscle d. Striated muscle3. Smooth muscle tissue is found in the a. Heart b. Urinary bladder c. Bicep d. Deltoid. Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton? a. Support of soft tissue b. Hemostasis c. Production of red blood cells d. MovementThe skeletal system is composed of a. Bones b. Cartilage c. Joints d. All of the aboveIde