ielts结构阅读法.doc

口语Unemployment is getting increasingly serious in many countries. Some people think students only need to get primary education, while others think secondary education is necessary.Whats your opinion?The number of cars keeps increasing, so road systems should be expanded. Some people think the government should pay for it, while others think the car owners should pay for it.What is your opinion?Some people believe that a country becomes more interesting and develops faster when its population is mixed with different nationalities and cultures.To what extent do you agree or disagree with it?Some countries have ever-increasing proportion of population of those aged 15 or younger, what do you think of the current and future effects for the countries?Some people think that children should obey rules or do what their parents and teachers want them to do, but others think that children controlled too much cannot deal with problems well by themselves.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.With technology speeding up, more and more young people begin to use mobile phones and the Internet, but old people have little chance to be exposed to them.What ways could mobile phone and the Internet be useful to old people? How do old people be encouraged to use this new technology?Some people think the main benefit of international cooperation is in protection of the environment, while others think that the main benefit is in the world business.Discuss both views and give your opinion.International tourism sometimes makes people more prejudiced rather than broad-minded.1. Some reasons why it cannot bring benefits to those visitors2. Solutions.Once children start school, teachers have more influences on their intellectual and social development than parents.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Poor students or students who come from rural areas often find it is difficult to get access to the university education, so some people think universities should make it easier for them to study at .To what extent do you agree or disagree?Many people use distance-learning programs to study at home, but some people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as attending college or university.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some people think that economic progress is the only way to measure a countrys success, while others think that there are other factors which can be used to measure a countrys success.What are these factors? And among them, which one is more important than others?Fashion is more and more important in our choice of clothes.Why? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?As we known, the international travel become cheaper, more and more countries open their door and more tourists.Do the advantages of the increased tourism outweigh the disadvantages?As a global economy, global trend increasing, many goods, especially some daily basis, are transported to a long distance.To what extend do you think its benefits exceed its drawbacks写作预测：1. Mobile phones and the Internet are very useful. However, it is rare for the old people to use them. In what ways can mobile phones and the Internet be useful to the old people? What could be done to encourage the old people to use mobile phones and the Internet?2. Once children start school, the teachers have more influence on their intellectual and social development than parents do. To what extent do you agree or disagree?3. Recent statistics show that the crimes committed by the young people in the major city of the world are on the increase. Give your analysis of the reasons and the solutions.4. Now because of the improved technology communication and transport, people can choose anywhere to live or work. Do its advantages outweigh the disadvantages?供稿: 贾若寒应广大考友要求，现提供8月22日和29日两场考试的具体预测更新如下。建议参加这两场考试的同学关注以“教育、文化和高科技”为背景的题目，要熟练掌握“认同”和“讨论”两种题目的文章结构。有关这两种题目的具体讲解大家可以参考考官推荐IELTS32篇必备范文PART -Chapter 3中的解析和原创高分范文。此外，建议大家在复习Task1时，在重点复习表格和柱状图的同时掌握地图比较类题目的写法。注：以下题目只作为复习参考和学习交流，可能存在不足或疏落之处，望大家谅解！Some people think the food has been changed by technological and scientific advances is improved, but others worry that is harmful. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.Some people think that a new language should be invented for people from different countries to use for the international communication. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages?Some people think that money should be saved for ones retired life. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some people think students should be encouraged to begin working after they have graduated from senior high school, while others think students should attend university first and then begin to work. Whats your opinion?International tourism sometimes makes people more prejudiced rather than broad-minded.1. Some reasons why it cannot bring benefits to those visitors2. Solutions.Some people think that students should be organized into groups to study, while others argue that students should be made to study alone. What are the benefits of each study method and which one do you think is more effective?Once children start school, teachers have more influences on their intellectual and social development than parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Many people think it is important to protect the environment, but they make no effort on it themselves. Why is it and what your opinion?Some people think that criminals should not be imprisoned. Instead, education and job training should replace the former to deal with criminals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Poor students or students who come from rural areas often find it is difficult to get access to the university education, so some people think universities should make it easier for them to study at . To what extent do you agree or disagree?口语预测：Part 1名字 来自哪里学习还是工作什么专业 为什么喜欢这个专业介绍家乡介绍一下你住的地方（交通设施）Part 2广告在中国广告多吗你喜欢什么样的广告哦你喜欢电视上的广告还是杂志上的为什么写信你经常写信或e-mail吗上一次写是什么时候为什么喜欢写e-mail给别人a conversationwhat kind of situationwith whowhat did u talk about你经常和你的老师有conversation吗如果陌生人见面，一般会讨论什么话题面对面说话和用电话说有什么区别如果你想要欺骗对方的话，你会选择用电话还是面对面阅读 是否喜欢阅读 最近读什么 花多少时间阅读 一般在哪里阅读一件最近发生的让你高兴的事情什么时候发生 当时你在做什么 和谁在一起 为什么你觉得很高兴金钱和亲情友情带来的幸福的差异DIFFERENCE过去的人和现在的人对待亲情和友情有什么区别DRIVING你开不开车？高中阶段学校里教不教开车？你认为几岁可以学习驾车？FOOD你平时吃不吃食物你觉得去购买食物方便不方便？你觉得食物对人重要不重要？电视节目喜欢看什么电视节目哪个国家的，是否经常看为什么会喜欢看其他国家的电视节目a picnic or a meal outsideglobalize cuisineglobalize cuisine为什么会传播.不keep fit会怎么样,不keep fit会给社会造成什么后果,政府应该做些什么fresh fruits and vegetablesleisure activity中国人一般做什么leisure activities？中国的孩子有时间玩么？你认为中国儿童需要更多的时间玩么？leisure activities重要么？Do you think the employers should pay for the leisure activity facilities?最近准备购买的家用电器未来家用电器的发展对人们的影响好的和坏的a journey/ trip that you didnt plan well你有许多的旅游经验么？一般什么样的人喜欢旅游旅游要带些什么a person good at cookingbest friend艺术品（讲出艺术）一些有用的意见意见的影响制服什么时候穿对工作态度的影响礼物老龄化环境问题人生阶段描述一项体育赛事最喜欢的季节和气候对气候的看法有意义（难忘、最喜欢）的一天whya festivala family membera moviea partyA job you good at在中国，父母为孩子选择未来的职业是否普遍？这样对孩子是否公平？只从事一种职业好吗？news/newspaper/magazinepolicy/lawchildhood memorya person who helped youscience courseshistoric places健康医生对于人们健康所要负的责任怎样让自己身体更健康changerecent changefuture change社会上的变化最想要的变化图书馆（这个考的很多）school library 和public library 的区别政府是否应该多在图书馆上投资老人和小孩使用图书馆的区别describe a place near waterwater resources和shortagespeech描述一个中国的城市Traffic jamsCookingWho does the cooking in your family?What does he or she often cook?FruitDo you like fruit?How often do you eat fruit?What kind of fruit do you like best?Why?What are the benefits of eating more fruit?VegetablesDo you like vegetables?How often do you eat vegetables?What kind of vegetables do you like best?What are the benefits of eating vegetables?DrivingDo you often drive?Is it necessary to learn driving?Is it important to drive well?When would you allow your children to drive?NewsHow do you get the news?What kind of news are you interested in?Is it the same for the old and young?Is it important to know the news?HandwritingDo you often write letters?Is the handwriting important nowadays?What are the benefits of handwriting?Daily LifeWhat do you do during your daily life?How do you allocate your working time and your studying time?What do you do with the internet?When do you get up every day?What is the best time of a day?FriendsDo you want to go out alone or in a group?How often do you meet your friends?What do you do when you are with friends?HolidaysHow do you spend your holiday?What do you like and dislike to do in your holiday?各位考生可以参考妙语连珠，不要完全照搬答案。foodWhat food do you like?What food dont you like?Which restaurant is your favorite?BicycleAre bicycles popular in China or in your hometown?Has the number of bicycle riders in China changed much in the past few years?How old were you when you first learned to ride a bicycle?What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of bicycles compared to cars?Would you say bicycles are suitable for people of all ages?BirthdayDo people in your country celebrate birthdays? How?Do u think it is important for people to celebrate them?How did you celebrate your last birthday?Is the birthday more important for adults or young peopleEmailDo you often write emails?What are the advantages of writing emails?What types of emails/letters do you write, business or personal? Which one is hard?Whats the difference between letters and emails?InternetWhat do you do with internet?What are the advantages and disadvantages of internet?Do you think that life is better with the internet?When did you begin to use the internet?Whats the influence of the internet on you?1. Some people say university students should pay for their tuition fees. Some others say the government should pay for the tuition fees. What is your opinion?2.Some people think that examinations have some bad effects on students. Some people say they do a good job in the uation of the students performance. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.3.It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be. Give possible reasons and your recommendations.4.What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet?5.Traffic jam is a problem in big cities. What causes the problem? Make some suggestions.6.In some countries, the national traditional arts are facing extinction. Some people think that the government should support them. Do you agree or disagree? What should the government do?7.Many females join the army in some countries. Some people think women should not join the army. Do you agree or disagree?8.When we seek a future career, what factors should we consider? Whose opinions should we consider?/thread-1094508-1-1.html阅读2008雅思中国行专题：雅思文章结构阅读法雅思阅读有一个老生常谈的问题：做题前是否该读一下文章。依鄙人拙见，要获得高分，做题前浏览一遍是必要的；而同时，很多考生又会面临另一个难题，即在考试规定时间内逐字逐句看完三篇文章以及做完所有题目，对他们来说几乎是不可能的。那应该怎样化解决这一矛盾呢，这就是本文所要解决的问题。1. 浏览文章的必要性我并不否认很多情况下做题不用浏览文章。通常先阅读题目，然后通过题目中的关键词到文章中定位，最后找到答案。但是若遇到某些题型，单纯依靠定位就不合时宜了，即使侥幸做对，那也是自欺欺人。例，如目前颇有大展其鼓之势的段落细节配对题。简而言之，此题型就是出题者给出一个细节，然后要求答题者找出细节所在的相应段落。若用定位法，势必整段逐行搜寻，耗时耗力，效率等同于通读全文，更何况有时还未必能找到题干中的相同词语，而是需要靠做题者自己去归纳。例如“剑四”52页30题题干“a description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play”，在文章相关段落中很难甄别出上述信息。还有T/F/NG题中，虽然题目顺序与原文答案出现顺序一般保持一致，但也不能完全排除顺序打乱的情况出现，例如“剑五”19页8-13题。要做出这些题，那就非读文章不可了。2. 结构阅读法那么雅思文章该怎么读呢？首先，我们来看看雅思权威考官Vanessa Jakeman和Clare McDowell两位专家是怎么说的：“When you go to university or college you may be overwhelmed by the amount of reading you are expected to do. You will have to do a lot of this reading on your own and you will need to be able to read discriminatingly. This means you will need to have the skills required to focus in on the information that is important to you and to skim through the information that isnt.”按照他们的说法，雅思阅读就是考察学生在读长文章时筛选信息的能力，即read discriminately，知道哪些是重要信息必须细读，哪些是无用的，可以忽略。雅思考题的设计思路不仅是为了测试考生的语言水平，更在于帮助考生培养起一套适合英联邦大学教学观念的学习方法。在英国念文科的同学都会有这样一种共识，那就是一学期要看很多书，写很多essay，有的同学虽然很刻苦，整日地泡在图书馆里做书虫，但还是读不完reading lList中的必读书。再对比周围英国同学，他们不见得比我们刻苦，却很能掉书袋，写出的essay理论功底更深。学习效率的高低正是由阅读方法的差异造成的。中国学生从小接受英语精读教学，咬文嚼字，看书喜欢一页页地细嚼慢咽。就个人阅读习惯而言，这种读法无可厚非，但若是做学问，这就不是正确的方法了。而英国学生读书，总是先浏览目次、摘要等信息，然后阅读索引，找寻需要的信息，所以他们一本书通常读一天甚至于几小时就够了。同样雅思的文章，也没必要逐字逐句的读，而是要了解作者行文时的构思以及写文章要达到的目的。如果做题前就能对文章的思路了如指掌，那就好比站在了作者的高度，定位时也就不会出现无的放矢的碰运气了。有的同学也许会有这样的疑问，雅思文章题材五花八门，行文艰深晦涩，要看懂都不容易，如何能在几分钟内，梳理出作者的写作思路呢？对于这个问题我们知道，雅思文章的学术性虽然决定了它的深度，但另一方面也决定了相对固定的文章结构。因为学术是严谨的，在形式上它有一套严格的规范(the established academic caliber)。就学术范畴的文章而言，其观点可以犀利独到，但论证必须缜密，所以文章层次结构相比起他体裁是稳定的。换言之，学术文章有点八股文的味道。那么我们就可以利用这点迅速掌握文章结构继而掌握思路了。文章的性质决定了文章的结构。在剑桥雅思的前言中，关于阅读有这样一段话: “The passages are on topics of general interest. At least one text contains detailed logical argument.” 据笔者观察，所有雅思文章都可以分为两大类：介绍性的学术说明文和论辩性的学术论文。说明文只是对一个既定的事实进行客观介绍和陈述，不包含argument，教科书就属于这一类；而学术论文通常针对一个悬而未决的问题，进行论证，继而提出解决方案，其过程就是提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。在雅思考试中，这类文章分为两种：实验论证和逻辑论证。下面就依次介绍这几种文章的结构。:(一)介绍类学术说明文的结构要判断文章类别，一般看标题就可以了。介绍类文章是对某事物或现象进行描述或介绍，所以标题一般为名词短语或者以How开头的疑问句。具体结构如下：-Introduce a phenomenon or a fact.-Detailed Description:Timeline/Different Aspects/Logic Development-Look into the future/Summary无论什么文章，起始段总是引出主题，所以多用叙述描写性语言，或介绍现象，或陈述事实，或交代问题。在介绍类说明文中，中间断落是对事物细节的展开描述，各种话题可以通过三种不同方式展开。第一类时间顺序，通常用于陈述一个历史事件，例如剑五中的“Johnsons Dictionary”就是这一类。第二类并列或递进，从各个侧面来介绍，例如剑四中的“What Do Whales feel?”，一看标题就知道是介绍鲸鱼各个感官的，属于并列结构。第三类是逻辑顺序，据笔者统计，环境自然类文章多依照这种顺序，下文对此会作详细评述，这里不再赘言。(二)论证类文章的结构(1)实验类文章-Introduce Experiment-Pre-experiment (Subjects, Tools, Methods)-Experiment Process-Result (Collecting Data)-Analyses and Syntheses在雅思阅读中，实验类文章结构最为固定。笔者分析了“剑四”和“剑五”中所有实验类文章，发现其结构无一不遵循以上套路，这是因为实验报告的形式本来就单调。首段总是说明实验的缘起以及实验没目的，然后介绍实验前的准备工作包括器具，实验主体等，接着进入实验进程的描述，而后公布实验结果，最后综合数据得出结论。无论实验做什么，这个基本顺序是不会改变的。(2)逻辑论证类结构-Introduce the topic/problem-Literature Review (Optional)-Present Caus