高中英语阅读长句难句理解.doc

下面的句子摘自全国各地高考英语试题的阅读理解部分。准确理解它们，对做好后面相应的试题至关重要。请在下面横线上填上合适的内容，并注意领会理解长难句的思路和方法。1. Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir (回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education. (全国卷D篇)我们来分析句子的结构：这是一个复合句。首先找出句子的主干：Anyone will be interested in the memoir。Anyone是主语，谓语是_，memoir是_语。Anyone后面是一个由who引导的_从句，用来限定Anyone所指的范围。在这个从句中，又包含两个由and连接并分别由what和how 引导的_从句，表示cares about的内容。逗号后面的部分是由who引导的_从句，修饰Ralph W. Tyler，是对他所做的补充说明。以上分析可以帮助我们很容易地找到下面第68题的答案。68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tylers memoir?A. Top managers.B. Language learners.C. Serious educators.D. Science organizations.2. An evaluation earlier this year reported that children on the scheme made 20 months progress in just one year, whereas similarly weak readers without special help made just five months progress, and so ended the year even further below the level expected for their age. (山东卷B篇)分析句子结构：这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。其中宾语从句又是一个由_连接的并列句。第一个并列分句的主干_，第二个分句的主干是weak readers made five months progress and ended the year。能否正确地理解这句话，直接影响到下面第62题的解答。62. What do we know about Reading Recovery?A. An evaluation of it will be made sometime this year.B. Weak readers on the project were the most hardworking.C. It aims to train special teachers to help children with reading.D. Children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading.3. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home. (上海卷D篇)这个句子的主干是：a design student is to receive financial support。逗号前面的部分是由In引导的介词短语，在句中做_语。其中的green business又带有一个由that引导的_从句。made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home是过去分词短语做tents的_语。其中cardboard又带有一个由that引导的定语从句。在这个定语从句中，还包含一个由after引导的状语从句。理清句子的结构，对于解决下面第76题很有帮助。76. Eco-friendly tents in paragraph 1 refers to tents _.A. economically desirableB. favorable to the environmentC. for holding music performanceD. designed for disaster relief阅读下面的句子，找出句子的主干（即整个长句的主语、谓语和宾语），分析句子的结构，同时注意思考以下问题：如何在长句中迅速找到句子的主干部分？在复合句中哪类词能帮助我们迅速确定各种从句？怎样判断长句中的某个部分是句子的次要信息？例：The three friends, Elliot the cucumber, Sedgewick the gourd and George the grape, work as waiters at a dinner theater, a restaurant that presents a play during dinner. (Vegetable heroes, Para. 3, P4)句子主干：主语：friends 谓语：work结构分析：复合句。three是数词做定语，修饰friends；Elliot the cucumber, Sedgewick the gourd (葫芦) and George the grape做friends的同位语；as waiters和at a dinner theater是介词短语做状语，修饰work；dinner theater后面的部分是同位语，用来对dinner theater进行解释，其中thatdinner是定语从句，修饰restaurant。Ex. 1. It was later revealed（揭露） that the British press（出版社） had known about it since the beginning but had made an agreement with the Royal (皇家的) family not to report on it. (Medias bad boy, Para. 1, P2)句子主干：_2. As a result, I, the once thinnest girl in my class, gained some weight that my parents and friends at home were surprised at. (Learning from what you eat, Para. 3, P3)句子主干：_3. Working alone since the age of 40, he introduced the Gaia hypothesis (盖娅假说), a theory that the Earth is a self-regulating super-organism (自我调整的超级有机体). (Earth is in trouble, Para. 4, P6)句子主干：_一个句子无论有多长，都包含一个中心意思。找出句子的中心意思，可以帮助我们更好地理解句中的细节信息。那么怎样确定句子的中心意思呢？首先，将细节信息与中心意思分离。细节信息往往告诉我们事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、目的以及列举、举例等。其次，找出句子与哪个人或物有关。最后，找出这个人做了什么事情，或者这个人或物发生了什么事情。例如：While watching TV or movies, Cao Yi, 15, from Chongqing, often feels envious (羡慕的) of those roles that have an elder brother. (Lonely generation, Para. 1, P2)首先除去细节信息：When: While watching TV or movie How old: 15 Where: from ChongqingWhich: that have an elder brother Who: Cao YiWhat did he do? Feels envious of those roles.所以这个句子的中心意思是： Cao Yi feels envious of those roles.Ex.1 As a result of the one-child policy, which has lasted thirty years, many teenagers today in cities feel lonely because they are an only child. (Lonely generation, Para. 2, P2)句子主干：_2 As the Beijing Olympics approach, 15-year-old Luo Jie presented four original songs on March 6 to the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 29th Olympic Games, which is soliciting Olympic music works. (Singing for gold, Para. 1, P3)句子主干：_3 However, Luo gradually fell in love with the man, who died 70 years ago, after she found plenty of life stories on the Internet. (Singing for gold, Para. 4, P3)句子主干：_4 Since students might not know everybody in the group, we shared our favorite food and played games to get to