艺考生课程——语法 第四十六讲.docx

2015年学大教育艺考生课程语法 第四十六讲 定语从句适用学科高中英语适用年级高三年级适用区域人教版课时时长（分钟）60分钟（一对一）/（班组）知识点1. 定语从句的定义及分类2. 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法3. 限制性定语从句中只用that的情况4. 介词+关系代词5. 关系代词as和which的用法区分教学目标让学生了解和学习定语从句的用法，并会正确的运用定语从句教学重点定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法教学难点1. 介词+关系代词 2. 关系代词as和which的用法区分教学过程 一、课堂导入让学生做几道题了解一下定语从句，从而检测学生对定语从句的理解程度：1、A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. Whoever2、Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now Ks5uA. where B. when C. there D. which Ks5u3、Theyve won their last three matches，_I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 答案与解析：1、【答案】 C 【解析】先行词是A person，设空后面的名词与先行词是从属关系，从句缺定语，所以选关系代词whose。2、【答案】 A 【解析】先行词是the house，后面从句主谓宾都在，缺地点状语，所以选关系副词where。3、【答案】 D 【解析】考查非限定性定语从句关系词的辨析。此处意思是“我发现他们已经赢得了最后的三场比赛，这一点令人有点吃惊”，which代替上句“Theyve won their last three matches”做find的宾语，选D。A项不能用于非限制性定语从句中，B,C此处没有他们的意思。2、 复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的知识，讲解作业，分析学生作业的情况。然后引入本节课定语从句的讲解，定语从句是指在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面. 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用： 连接作用，引导定语从句。 代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 在定语从句中充当一句子成分。 三、知识讲解知识点1 定语从句分为：限制性定语从句（先行词后没有逗号）和非限制性定语从句（先行词后有逗号）。关系代词的用法与分类有三点依据：（1）根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性；（2）根据所替代的先行词是指物还是指人（3）根据它在从句中所充当的成分主语、宾语、表语、定语知识点2 一、关系代词的用法：关系代词先行词句法功能（后面从句所缺成分）that人或物主语 宾语 表语Which物或逗号前的整个主句主语 宾语 表语Who人主语 宾语 表语Whom人宾语 表语Whose人或物定语as人或物或逗号前的整个主句主语 宾语 定语2、 关系副词的用法：关系副词先行词句法功能（后面从句所缺成分）When表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词或模糊的地点名词地点状语whyreason原因状语例句：1.This is the factory ( )the most expensive cars are made.定从是一个被动句，不缺宾语，有主语，句子完整，应该使用关系副词，先行词是地点， 因此答案为where2. Is this the factory ( ) makes laptop computers? 定从缺主语，应该使用关系代词，先行词为物，答案为that 或 which.3. The old couple will never forget the days ( ) they had a summer camp in Australia. 定从结构完整，应该使用关系副词，先行词是时间，答案为when.4. The volunteers will never forget the days ( ) they spent together in Guangzhou. 定从中spent缺宾语，应该使用关系代词，先行词为物，答案为that或which或省略。5. Jinan is a city ( ) there are many well-known springs. 定从结构完整，应该使用关系副词，先行词是地点，答案为where.6. Jinan is a city ( ) is famous for its famous springs. 定从缺主语，应该使用关系代词，先行词为物，答案为that或which。知识点3 ：只用that的情况：在限制性定语从句中，一般情况下，先行词指物时，即可用关系代词that，也可用which，但有些情况下，我们只能用关系代词that。所以以下情况只能用that：1、当先行词是everything, anything, nothing （something 除外）, all, none, few, little, some,the one等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如：Have you set down everything that Mr Li said?There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.2、当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时，只能用关系代词that。如：This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic.3、当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词的最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that。如：This is the best museum that I have visited all my life.4、当先行词被the very（恰好，正好）, the only等修饰时，只能用关系代词that。如：This is the very bus that Im waiting for.After the big fire, the old car is the only thing that he owns.5、当主句的主语是疑问词who 或 which时，只能用关系代词that。如： Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd?6、当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用关系代词that。如：Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.知识点4定语从句中有一类题是介词+关系代词的知识点，需要重点注意，定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, as, who, whom, whose。但是能够用于介词+关系代词中的关系代词只有：which和whom。当先行词为物的时候用which，当先行词为人的时候用whom。 一、只针对非限制性定语从句考察：.先行词, most of /all of/each of/none of/neither of/both of/many of/the+n. of/ in front of/the rest of/.+ .当先行词为物的时候填which，当先行词为人的时候填whom。例如：1、John invited 40 people to his wedding,most of are family members. A. Them B.that C.which D.whom答案与解析：D.考察介词+关系代词，先行词是people，所以选择whom。2、 These are books written by Mark Twain, one of which（=of which one）was read to me by my father.3、Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of whom sit three students.二、看关联词后面的从句是否是否有：1、 动词+介词的固定搭配；2、 Be +adj.+介词的固定搭配。而把介词提到前面来+关系代词which或者whom。例如：She is my good friend to whom I can turn for help.(turn to 的固定搭配，把to提前的情况）3、 若不是以上两种情况的话，看后面的从句与先行词或主句的关系来确定用哪个介词来+关系代词。因果关系：for which 位置关系：in/above/over/under/. +which =where时间关系：after/before/during/.+which=when 从属关系：of which/whom例如 ：1、Can you think of a situation _in_ which this word can be used?2、The university student died for saving a drowning child, _for which_ we remember him forever.知识点5：as和which的用法区分一、as和which都能引导的定语从句 当非限定性定语从句置于句末时，as和which都可用来引导这个定语从句。例如： Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _ , of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 【简析】答案是B。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面主句的内容，定语从句部分意为：这当然使别人不高兴。这里不能换用as作引导词，因为我们不能说“正如使别人不高兴”。 The number of senior high school students is increasing, _ is mentioned above. A. that B. it C. such D. as 【简析】答案是D。as引导非限定性定语从句，意思是“正如”。此时也可以换用which引导，但意思有别，意为：这一点上面提到了。 二、只能用which引导的定语从句 1. 在限定性定语从句中。例如： The project _ a British businessman has invested in is under construction at present. A. which B. as C. what D. why 【简析】答案是A。单个词引导限定性定语从句时，一般不用as。当然，本题中的定语从句也可以使用that引导；由于关系词在从句中作宾语，which和that都可以省略。 2、当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定结构时，只能用which引导。例如： The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. A. when B. that C. which D. what 【简析】答案是C。由于非限定性定语从句是否定结构，只能用which引导，不能用as来替代which。 三、只能用as引导的非限定性定语从句 1. 置于句首时，非限定性定语从句只能用as引导。例如： _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 【简析】答案是B。As在定语从句中作主语，这里不能换成Which。 2. 在the same.as 结构中，意思是“像那样的”。例如： Chongqing is not the same city _ we have seen in other places. A. that B. which C. 不填 D. as 【简析】答案是D。as在定语从句中作have seen的宾语。the same . that的意思是“正是；就是”。注意：as不能省略。 3. 在as.as结构中，意思是“像那样的”。例如： No period in history has had as many important changes _ have taken place in the past century. A. which B. as C. that D. what 【简析】答案是B。as引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。 四、例题精析【例题1】Is there anything_you dont understand about the problem?A.that B.which C.who D.as【答案】A【解析】在限制性定语从句中，若先行词是指物的不定代词anything，则关系代词只能用that，故此题选A答案。【例题2】 The children， had played the whole day long, were worn out.A.all of what B.all of which C.all of them D.all of whom【答案】D【解析】考察介词+关系代词，只能从B和D里选择，先行词是the children,所以选择D。 【例题3】Do you know the things and persons _ they are talking about?A.which B.that C.who D.what【答案】B【解析】此题先行词为the things and persons,既有物也有人，关系代词只能用that，故选B。【例题4】I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语，意思为这个城市的名字。【例题5】_ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What 【答案】B【解析】As代表整个主句talks between the countries are making progress, 作定语从句中的主语。句意为：正如报纸上所报道的那样, 各国的会谈取得了进展。五、课堂运用【基础】1、 The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C.whose D. what【答案】C【解析】本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。2、Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D.which【答案】D【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。3、Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. whoB.whichC. whatD. that【答案】B【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。选择which。【巩固】1、 Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A.whichB. whereC. whenD. as【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为the bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后差宾语，故用关系代词which。2、She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.A. for whichB. with whichC.of whichD. to which【答案】C【解析】考察定语从句。先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间。介词用of。选C。3、English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A.whichB. what C. them D. those【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中做each of的宾语，所有应用关系代词which。【拔高】1、 A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C.whereD. there【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。2、She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A.which B. where C. what D. who【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。3、The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D.where【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店，其主顾大多是学生，因为放假就关门了。”课程小结本次课主要讲解以下内容：1、定语从句的定义及分类2、定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法3、限制性定语从句中只用that的情况4、介词+关系代词5、关系代词as和which的用法区分课后作业【基础】 1. walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B.where C. who D. that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是hill，表地点，定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。 2、Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students, 且在从句中作met的宾语, 故选关系代词who, 即A项。3、The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。【巩固】 1.Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What【答案】C【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。句意应为 “那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用, 所以使用whose。2.-Can you believe I had