《呼啸山庄》中凯瑟琳恩肖双重性格的分析-英语专业毕业论文

An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights I 班班 级级 学学 号号 111660 毕毕 业业 设设 计 论计 论 文 文 2015 年年 6 月月 26 日 北京日 北京 An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights 院 系 部 院 系 部 外语系外语系 姓姓 名 名 高翠高翠 年年 级 级 1111 级级 专专 业 业 英语英语 指 导 教 师 指 导 教 师 冯小萱冯小萱 教 师 职 称 教 师 职 称 副副教授教授 An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights II 北京石油化工学院 学位论文电子版授权使用协议 论文 An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights 系本人在北京石油化工学院学习期间创作完成的作品 并已 通过论文答辩 本人系作品的唯一作者 即著作权人 现本人同意将本作品收录于 北京石油 化工学院学位论文全文数据库 本人承诺 已提交的学位论文电子版与印刷版论 文的内容一致 如因不同而引起学术声誉上的损失由本人自负 本人完全同意本作品在校园网上提供论文目录检索 文摘浏览以及全文部分浏 览服务 公开级学位论文全文电子版允许读者在校园网上浏览并下载全文 注 本协议书对于 非公开学位论文 在保密期限过后同样适用 院系名称 外语系 作者签名 高翠 学 号 111660 2015年 6 月 26 日 An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights III Abstract By describing a love tragedy Emily Bronte expressed a profound feminist social criticism In the patriarchal society marginalized women can not take control of their own destiny Eventually the humanity of both oppressors and the oppressed has been distorted thus causes the tragedy With the analysis of the formation of Catherine s double personalities the paper aims to elucidate Catherine s torment and pain in the face of the decision and analyzes its enlightenment to modern women when they are face to choices Catherine Earnshaw is the heroine of Wuthering Height for one thing she was self willed and always pursued freedom For another she has vanity and clings to fortune The formation of Catherine s double personalities is largely due to her vanity After entering into the upper society she lost her nature With Catherine s double personalities as the breakthrough point based on the systemic summary of former achievements this paper re interprets her love story with Heathcliff and analyze her double personalities impact on their love tragedy Keywords distortion of humanity Catherine double personality love tragedy An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights IV 摘要 通过描写爱情悲剧 艾米莉 勃朗特表达了一种深刻的女性主义社会批判 在 父权制社会下 处于社会边缘的女性无法掌握自己的命运 最终压迫者和被压迫 者的人性都被扭曲 造成了悲剧 本篇论文旨在通过分析凯瑟琳双重性格的形成 原因 阐释她面对抉择时的痛苦与挣扎 分析其对当代女性面对抉择时的启示 凯瑟琳 恩肖是 呼啸山庄 的女主人公 她既有狂妄不羁 追求自由的一面 又有爱慕虚荣 贪恋繁华的一面 凯瑟琳双重性格的形成很大程度源于她受到上 层社会冲击后的迷惘与人性的迷失 本文在系统总结前人研究成果的基础上 以 凯瑟琳的双重性格为切入点 重新解读她和男主人公希斯克利夫的爱情故事 分 析凯瑟琳的双重性格在他们爱情悲剧中所造成的影响 关键词 关键词 人性扭曲 凯瑟琳 双重性格 爱情悲剧 An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights V Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 1 Introduction of the author 1 1 2 Literature review 2 1 3 Overview of the paper 2 Chapter 2 Catherine s Double Personalities 4 2 1 Catherine as a normal character 4 2 1 1 The kind hearted girl 4 2 1 2 The stubborn and rebellious girl 5 2 2 Catherine as a character with double personalities 6 Chapter 3 The Analysis of Reason Causing Catherine Earnshaw s Change from a Normal Character to a Character with Double Personalities 10 3 1 Catherine s life experiences 10 3 2 The social background and the female view under patriarchy 12 Chapter 4 Conclusion 14 References 16 Acknowledgements 17 An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights 1 Chapter 1 Introduction Emily Bronte was born in the 19th century and she is a distinguished British writer She is known for her only work Wuthering Heights which laid the foundation for her position in the history of English literature and world literature Emily experienced a brief lifetime On one side she had never received a systematic and complete education On the other side she had no practical experience with love and marriage People wonder how she could write out such a profound love masterpiece Bronte sisters had been encouraged and learnt from each other by exchanging views since childhood In this regard they learnt to train and foster their writing skills 1 1 Introduction to the novel Wuthering Heights was a story about revenge and love It showed the deformity of the society In such a society humanity was distorted The plot of the story was gradually spread by four stages Chapter one narrated Heathcliff and Catherine s childhood in which they were closely associated with each other An outcast and a lady formed one kind of special fondness and they rebelled against an oppressive ruler Hindley Chapter two centered upon Catherine s change She was the faithful companion of Heathcliff but then she changed She had to be cute and well behaved in the presence of Linton s family But she was still her real self in Wuthering Heights Then she betrayed Heathcliff and married with Linton because of her vanity and ignorance In this process she formed double personalities The last two stages described Heathcliff s revenge 1 2 Literature review Sun Jing 2010 indicates in Double Tragedy of Ethics Distortion Focusing on Catherine that Catherine is the key character of the novel The reason why she married with Linton was not only because of her love for Linton but because her complex An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights 2 value orientation Ma Yuwen 2014 indicates in Love but can t be together be Together but don t Love Each Other female s love tragedy in the Patriarchal Society in Wuthering Heights that Catherine betrayed her loved Heathcliff thus betrayed her soul for her vanity She was an abnormal character who was distorted by the reality Her ideal love was difficult to implement in the patriarchal society The intensive conflict between reason and passion caused her double personalities MaKun 2003 put forward that when they looked inside Thrushcross Grange through the window Catherine and Heathcliff were separated They saw a beautiful place lighting civilization of mankind just like heaven And it was in stark contrasts with Wuthering Heights The glance shattered the original state of herself and sent her into a civilized rational and well ordered world This new world was destined to revolutionize her notion Therefore the character developments of Catherine have been analyzed comparatively clear and profound But less attention was paid to the detailed research of her changing during different stages and the inevitability of the formation of her double personalities Further researches should be done on Catherine s goodness on her struggle and suffering when she was in face of choices and its enlightenment to modern women 1 3 Overview of the paper This paper has four chapters in total Chapter One introduces the novel and indicates the important of the research In Chapter Two this paper analyzes Catherine s double personalities It emphasized on Catherine s change after she met Linton and her struggle between the two men In Chapter Three this paper analyzes the reasons causing Catherine s change from three aspects Though Catherine has a special life experience the hierarchical thoughts and her vanity are the real reason Chapter four An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights 3 concludes the paper An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights 4 Chapter 2 Catherine s Double Personalities E M Forster 2002 classified novel figures into two groups in Aspects of the Novel flat character and round character A flat character will never surprise us but the unknown aspects of a round character will surprise us a lot Catherine as a character with double personalities meets the demands of a round character When she was young she was spoiled But after old Earnshaw transferred his affection to Heathcliff the beloved family life was what her heart craved And then Heathcliff s compliance satisfied her need to some extent Yearning for freedom and rebel were their resemblance So they chummed around with each other and felt sympathetic with their souls Catherine once even said that she is Heathcliff Catherine and Heathcliff had spent a wonderful time when old Earnshaw was alive However after old Earnshaw s death Catherine s brother Hindley Earnshaw took control of the house Hindley insulted Heathcliff and debased him as a servant which aroused Catherine s sense of justice Heathcliff could tolerate Hindley with Catherine s accompany However Catherine s notion was subverted after she had stayed at Thrushcross Grange for five weeks She wanted to marry with Linton to gain respect and to protect Heathcliff from her brother s hurt But Heathcliff s leave made her realize that her dream was shattered On one side she wanted to enjoy the harmonious and warm family life with Linton On the other side she wished to keep her relationship with Heathcliff Apparently that is impossible Heathcliff s leave and Linton s indifference broke her heart 2 1 Catherine as a Normal character 2 1 1 The kind hearted girl Catherine s internal nature is good By means of Nelly s description we can see that Catherine is a sweet little girl For She meant no harm when once she made you cry it seldom happened that she would not keep your company Bronte 2008 51 She has a wayward nature and she always drives people crazy but she would feel sorry if someone is sad Although Catherine defied her father and Joseph with her bold and An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights 5 saucy look she is very kind When she and Heathcliff knew that old Earnshaw is dead The little souls were comforting each other with better thoughts than I could have hit on no parson in the world ever pictured heaven so beautifully as they did in their innocent talk ibid 53 It is said that the world is a reflection of people s inner world The reason why Catherine can imagine such a wonderful heaven is that she had something good in her nature It can been seen that Catherine is a kind girl After returned back Catherine was shamed for her old friend Heathcliff But when he was locked by Hindley she was too sad to eat She was still the warm hearted girl for once someone was sad she would feel unhappy She lifted a mouthful to her lips then she set it down again her cheeks flushed and the tears gushed over them She slipped her fork to the floor and hastily dived under the cloth to conceal her emotion I perceived she was in purgatory throughout the day ibid 73 She was still the warm hearted girl so she cried for Heathcliff 2 1 2 Stubborn and rebellious girl It s true that Catherine is pure and kind But on the other hand Catherine is obviously a mischievous and saucy girl Both kind and stubborn are her natures for She put all of us past our patience fifty times in a day ibid 50 From this we can see that unlike other traditional girl she was naughty She hated to be well behaved And She liked exceedingly to act the little mistress using her hands freely and commanding her companions ibid 51 which shows that she likes to control others At that time women in such a strict patriarchal society were locked in the house and had to depend on their husband during their life time Catherine is different from them She is rebellious for although born in such a family she doesn t have the noble behaviors like other aristocratic misses She laughs at the worldly social etiquette and An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights 6 promises to grow up as rude as savages As Catherine was deprived of all rights of women in the patriarchal society she subconsciously wanted to rebel against her brother who would be the future parent and hoped that there was a third force in an ally to help her freed from the power of her elder brother Old Earnshaw didn t buy her back the whip but brought back a child from Liverpool as a gift from God for Catherine and Heathcliff became the real whip she wanted an alliance of the third power Catherine and Heathcliff do live more in earnest more in themselves and less in surface change and frivolous external things Bronte 2008 76 Before entering into Thrushcross Grange she was kind hearted and had a free nature Heathcliff s accompany was one of the reasons She was self willed and Heathcliff s obedience made her free to show her feelings Catherine s childhood was in a closed world which fostered her pure wild beauty Although she was a lady of feudal manor Catherine sets aside all the religious services Before breaking into Thrushcross Grange the blocking Wuthering Heights separates her from the dangerously seductive world which makes the best development of her nature 2 2 Catherine as a character with double personalities After getting known with the Lintons her double personalities emerged From one point of view Catherine had to be cute and behaved in the presence of Linton s family She had no temptation to show her rough side in their company and had the sense to be ashamed of being rude where she experienced such invariable courtesy she imposed unwittingly on the old lady and gentleman by her ingenious cordiality Bronte 2008 82 From another point of view though after getting along with the Lintons for five weeks she knew that being rude was shameful but when she came back to Wuthering Heights she behaved like before at home for reckless was rooted in her heart at home she had small inclination to practise politeness that would only be laughed at and An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights 7 restrain an unruly nature when it would bring her neighter credit nor praise ibid 82 Therefore before getting into Thrushcross Grange Catherine is pure and happy But after she got Heathcliff s love and got known with the Lintons she wanted more She wanted to be wealthy and to be respected by her neighbors After she saying yes to Linton s proposal she had a talk with Nelly for though she had made her decision she was not sure about it She said before I tell you whether it was a consent or denial you tell me which it ought to have been ibid 96 And In my soul and in my heart I m convinced I m wrong ibid 98 When Nelly asked her the reason why she loved Linton Catherine said he will be rich and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood and I shall be proud of having such a husband ibid 97 She was in a dilemma She had spent a wonderful time with Heathcliff and loved him deeply My great thought in living is himself If all else perished and he remained I should still continue to be and if all else remained and he were annihilated the universe would turn to a mighty stranger I should not seem a part of it ibid 102 Catherine knew that she loved Heathcliff more than Lintons and she even described her different love for the two men My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods time will change it I m well aware as winter changes the trees My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath a source of little visible delight but necessary ibid 103 From Catherine s description it can be seen that she loved Heathcliff very much But she was vain and she wanted to be respected by others The dilemma made her agony for when she talked with Nelly her countenance grew sadder and graver and her clasped hands trembled ibid 99 Before married with Linton Catherine thought it would be wonderful Linton s wealth would help her gain respect from her neighbors An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights 8 and help Heathcliff escape from Hindley s persecution if I marry Linton I can aid Heathcliff to rise and place him out of my brother s power ibid 102 Then Heathcliff s departure crushed her dreams After she knew that Heathcliff left and had heard a part of what she said she was shocked and regretful She wanted to find Heathcliff eagerly though the storm rattled over the Heights fiercely There was a violent wind as well as thunder and either one or the other split a tree off at the corner of the building a huge bough fell across the roof and knocked down a portion of the east chimney stack sending a clatter of stone and soot into the kitchen fire ibid 106 She insisted waiting for Heathcliff excepting Cathy who got thoroughly drenched for her obstinacy in refusing to take the shelter and standing bonnetless and shawlless to catch as much water as she could with her hair and clothes ibid 107 Before getting married with Linton Catherine thought she would be proud of having such a husband To some extent she satisfied her need She married with Linton and she got respect from others Nevertheless it was a flash in the pan Therefore she wanted more After moving to Thrushcross Grange Catherine had seasons of gloom and silence Linton ascribed her changes to her previous illness and worried very much Then Heathcliff returned after disappearing for three years which aroused Catherine s nature She was thrilled by his arrival Catherine flew up stairs breathless and wild too excited to show gladness ibid 118 Oh Edgar Edgar She panted flinging her arms round his neck Oh Edgar darling Heathcliff s come back he is And she tightened her embrace to a squeeze ibid 119 However Linton was not as happy as his wife to see the old friend He was reluctant when Catherine put his hands together with Heathcliff Pathetic Catherine was too hectic to notice that it is impossible for them to be friends She was hysteric the moment she noticed the truth As a husband Linton was wonderful He is handsome cheerful trustful honorable and rich But no husband in the world would accept such a friend like Heathcliff After Linton and Heathcliff quarreled with each other Catherine felt desperate She couldn t understand why they regard each other as An Analysis of the Double Personalities of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights 9 an enemy She wanted to be a little hardy girl again Oh if I were but in my own bed in the old house ibid 157 I wish I were out of doors I wish I were a girl again half savage and hardy and free and laughing at injuries not maddening under them ibid 159 But apparently she had to choose one between them which was so diffic