高中英语知识点精讲系列三.doc

高中英语知识点精讲系列三一、语言知识点： 1. owe sb sth=owe sth to sb:欠某人某物 owe sth to sb/sth: 将归功于 owing to: 由于 thanks to/because of/as a result of/due to2. think highly/poorly/little/a lot +of sb/sth speak highly/well/badly +of sb/sth sing high praise for sb/sth3. apologize to sb for (doing) sth make an apology to sb for (doing) sth excuse sb for (doing) sth forgive sb for (doing) sth pardon sb for (doing) sth4. make/leave an impression on sb have an impression of sth impress sth on/upon ones mind5. serve in the army on the office serve the people/the dish serve sb with sth=serve sth to sb serve as the chairman6. make jokes about: 取笑， 拿开玩笑make a joke about laugh at: 嘲笑 have a joke with sb: 开某人的玩笑 play a joke on sb=play tricks on sb=make a fool of: 戏弄 in joke: 闹着玩，开玩笑7. Its time+ for sth/to do Its time+ for sb to do sth Its time+ that-clause（一般过去时）8. the one/ones:替代同类事物中特指一个或一些 one: 替代上文提到的同类名词中的一个，表泛指 it: 指上文提到的同一个事物 that: 替代上文出现的带定冠词的名词或不可数名词9. none: 用来回答how many/how much引导的问句，常与of连用 no one=nobody: 只能指人，用来回答who引导的问句 neither: 两者都不，表单数 nothing: 用于指物，用来回答what引导的问句10. cloth 布(u.): a piece of cloth 表示某种特殊用途的布块（桌布）：Wipe up the water with a cloth. clothes: 衣服，服装。是一个没有单数形式的复数名词： A suit of clothes 注：不能直接用数词修饰，但可用many, few, his, my, thse之类的词修饰，作主语时谓语动词用复数。 clothing: 服装，衣着。是一个无复数形式的物质名词，除衣服外，还包括幌子，手套，鞋袜之类的东西，作主语时谓语动词用单数。A piece of clothing, an artcle of clothing dress: 指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合穿的礼服及妇女的连衣裙。 suit: 成套的衣服(如西服)。11. live: 活着，有生命的(作定语，主要用来指鸟或其他动物)，实况直播的 lively: 活泼的，有生气的，生动的 alive: 活着的，还有气儿的，是表语形容词，在句中作表语或后置定语 living: 活着，健在的，现行的12. receive: 收到，接到(客观动作)；accept: 接受，领受(主观意愿) 接受教育、惩罚、支持，遭受不幸，接待客人：只用receive 接受某条件、建议：只用accept13. turn+adj: 常表示从某种状态向其他状态变化的自然现象 The weather has turned much colder. go+adj: 常表示由好变坏的情况：The milk went wrong/bad. get+adj: 强调施动者的作用或变化的结果 Please dont get angry. come+adj: 一般表示向好的方面变化。 My dream has come true.14. 含有插入语的疑问句：What do you think/consider has happened to him?How do you suppose the film will end?Why do you believe he is unfit for the office?15. 主从复合句的反意疑问句：疑问部分根据主句确定，但是主句的主语是I/we, 谓语是think /suppose /believe /hope /imagine /expect /guess /know /feel /be sure /be told时，疑问部分根据从句确定，否定转移时，疑问部分用肯定语气。She thinks it is a good idea, doesnt she?I think it is a good idea, isnt it?I dont think it is a good idea, is it?二、语法专题代词的考点1. 不定代词：(1)all, any, none, both, either, neither; (2)another, other, the other, others, the others; (3)复合不定代词：someone, anyone, everyone, no one; something, anything, everything, nothing.2. it的用法：(1)it作实意代词，代替日期、时间、季节、距离；代替身份不明的人，心目中的人和事以及代替上文已提到的或下文将要提到的人、物或某种情况；代替指示代词this, that。(2)it作引导词：作形式主语和形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词和从句；it用于强调句型。3. 替代词one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的用法。4. 人称代词在使用中要注意主格和宾格的区别，反身代词则要注意和主语一致。三、题型归纳习语、搭配型单项填空语言的习惯表达是语言在长期使用过程中的结果，不能随意改变。其表现形式主要在介词短语、名词短语及非谓语动词短语的习惯搭配等方面。习语、搭配型单项填空主要考查对英语习语及搭配的掌握和运用，这就需要在平时多加注意和积累，切不可想当然。1. 介词后的宾语：介词后面常接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，但是，在考试时要注意一些习惯用法。如：far from satisfied/over; take sth for granted; in hospital与in the hospital; at sea与at the sea。. 冠词的增删：固定搭配中名词前的冠词的有无都是习惯用法，若去掉或增加，都会使其意思发生变化。如：in prison与in the prison; in bed与on the bed; in school与in the school; in possession of与in the possession of; in charge of与in the charge of; in front of与in the front of。3. 非谓语动词短语的考查重点：一是非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系；二是非谓语动词与谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后关系；三是非谓语动词的习惯用法。另外，有些非谓语动词短语已经从非谓语动词短语中游离了出来，而成为表达某种意思的固定搭配。如：to be true; to tell you the truth; to be exact; judging by/from; exactly speaking; frankly speaking; compared to/with等。4. 动词的搭配。如：mean to do sth/mean doing sth; forget to do sth/forget doing sth; be used to doing sth/used to do sth; head for/go to; lend to/borrow from; set about/set out; write down/take down/put down等。5. 动词短语。如：have a cold/catch cold; take place/take ones place等。6. 短语动词。如：run out/run out of; stick to/keep on; bring in/bring on等。7. 形容词短语。如：be strict with/in; different from/in; be careful of/with等。8. 名词短语。如：the number of/a number of; a knowledge of等。1. No matter what you see, dont take it for_, but use your head to think it over.A. grant B. granting C. granted D. grantness2. When writing, he often keeps a dictionary_.A. in hand B. with hand C. at hand D. by hand3. His wife often goes to_ on Sundays.A. church B. a church C. the church D. churching4. It is good for you in your future life_ English.A. have good knowledge of B. to have good knowledge ofC. to have a good knowledge of D. has a good knowledge of5. _ what he said, he has been to Australia.A. Judge by B. Judged by C. Judging from D. To judge from6. She is always ready to help others and asking for nothing_.A. in return B. in case C. in addition D. in turn7. They held a ceremony_ those killed in the battle.A. instead of B. in favor of C. by means of D. in honor of8. The man_ the shop said we could have two days off.A. in charge of B. in the charge ofC. take charge of D. take the charge of9. When they got to America, they nearly_ money.A. ran out B. ran out of C. ran away D. ran away from10. Word came that Brown_ the record in yesterdays match.A. made B. stroke C. beat D. hit11. Look