商务英语课程设计-高速铁路建设对江西区域经济发展的影响探究

商务英语课程设计The Effect of High-speed Railway Construction on Jiangxi Regional Economic Development Research高速铁路建设对江西区域经济发展的影响探究院 系： 经济管理学院 专 业： 国际经济与贸易 班 级： 国经 2012-1 班 姓 名： 李 洋 洋 学 号： 20120410040141 指导教师： 邓 姝 琍 职 称： 讲 师 完成日期： 2015-05-30 摘 要：高铁拉近了时空距离，区域间的人流、物流、信息流、商务流越来越突破传统的行政区域界限，在更广的区域内流动、配置，这股强大的市场作用将推动和加速区域间产业、就业、人口居住和城镇在空间上的结构重构和整合，江西作为中部地区的重要省份，作为我国连接东西南北的重要交通枢纽和经济枢纽，高速铁路建设对江西区域经济发展产生了深远的影响。本文以江西高速铁路建设为例，从提高运输能力和经济效益、促使运输市场重新分配等方面，论述高速铁路建设对内部经济发展的影响；从节省时间的价值、对区域经济的影响等方面，论述高速铁路建设对外部经济发展的影响。并通过对高速铁路沿线旅行时间效益进行计算，探究高速铁路建设对江西区域经济发展的影响。关键词：高速铁路，内部经济，外部经济，江西区域经济Abstract: High-speed rail closer to the temporal and spatial distance, flow, logistics, information flow, business flow between regions break the traditional boundaries of administrative areas, flow and configuration in the wider area. This strong market forces will promote and accelerate industry, employment, housing population and urban between regions，restructuring and consolidation in the space.Jiangxi province connecting East and West as an important part of central region and Chinas major transportation hub and economic hub, high-speed railway construction on regional economic development in Jiangxi Province had a profound impact. In this paper, for example Jiangxi high-speed railway construction, improving transport capacity and economic efficiency, promote redistribution of the transport market,etc, It discusses impact of high-speed railway construction on internal economic development; the time-saving value, the impact on the regional economy, etc. It discusses the impact of high-speed railway construction on the external economic development. And through the high-speed railway travel time benefits are calculated, explore the impact of high-speed railway construction on regional economic development in Jiangxi Province.Keywords: High-Speed Railway, The Internal Economic, The External Economic, Jiangxi Regional Economic.一、高速铁路建设的内外部经济研究目前，江西铁路运输能力严重不足。2013年，江西铁路约占全国铁路总长度的3.8%，但却负担着全国铁路6%以上的旅客周转量和2.3%左右的货物周转量。江西每万人拥有铁路0.83公里，铁路网密度223.7公里/万平方公里，是全国平均水平的两倍，10年货运量达 17000多万吨，已达到客货混用双线铁路运输能力的极限。1.1高速铁路的内部经济1.1.1 提高运输能力和经济效益江西高速铁路建成后，将从根本上改变江西通道运能紧张状况。届时，年输送旅客可达到8000余万人，形成一条快捷的大能力客运通道。同时，既有江西铁路的运输能力也将被释放，其单方向年货运能力达1300万吨以上。由于铁路行业具有规模效应，客、货运量的增长将降低铁路运输成本，提高铁路经营利润。在国外高速铁路的经济效益方面，占日本铁路营业里程9%的日本新干线，年收入占铁路总收入的2.5%。法国TGV东南高速铁路全线开通的第一年即实现盈余。 1991年，TGV东南线的客运收入为 50亿法郎，纯利润高达19.44亿法郎。经过近10年的运营，TGV东南线的财政收入，已偿还线路建设和高速列车购置的全部债务。IResearch of High-Speed Railway construction on the internal economic and external economicAt present, Jiangxi railway transport capacity is serious insufficient. 2013,Jiangxi railway accounting for about 3.8% of the total length of the railway, but the burden of the national railway of about 6% of the volume of passenger transportation and 2.3% of the turnover of goods. there is 0.83 km railway per million people in Jiangxi, and 223.7 km railway density per square kilometers that twice the national average, and cargo up to more than 170 million tonnes in decade, has reached the dual mixed passenger and freight rail transport capacity to the limit.1.1 A High-Speed Railway In The Internal Economy1.1.1 improve transport capacity and economic efficiencyIf Jiangxi high-speed railway was Comprehensive completed, it will fundamentally change the tense situation in the Jiangxi transport capacity. By then, passengers could reach annual throughput of more than 8,000 million people, forming a fast large-capacity passenger traffic. Meanwhile, the transport capacity of the existing Jiangxi railway will also be released, its one-way annual cargo capacity of 13 million t or more. As the railway industry has economies of scale, passenger and cargo traffic growth will reduce rail transport costs and improve the railway operating margins.Abroad, the economic benefits of high-speed railway, the total mileage of railways in operation in Japan 9% of Japans Shinkansen, the annual revenues accounted for 2.5% of the total revenue the railway. Frances TGV high-speed railway was opened southeast of the first year of surplus. In 1991, TGV Southeast Lines passenger revenue of 50 billion French francs, net profit of up to 1.944 billion francs. After nearly 10 years of operation, TGV Southeast Lines revenue, has been paid to purchase high-speed train construction and all the debt.1.1.2促使运输市场重新分配与高速公路和航空运输相比，高速铁路在多项技术经济指标中具有明显优势，尤其在速度和价格方面，高速铁路是性价比最好的运输方式。如日本新干线的列车运行时间，从原来的6.5小时缩短到3.2小时，旅行速度提高了一倍，票价却比飞机便宜，迫使东京名古屋航班停运。每小时发1趟列车，全程旅行时间仅2小时的巴黎里昂TGV高速线，已夺走大部分航空市场。连接伦敦、巴黎、布鲁塞尔的欧洲之星列车，以及巴黎与布鲁塞尔之间的Thalgs高速列车，也夺走了航空的相当部分市场份额。德国 ICE高速列车投入运营后，也对航空运输产生巨大压力，汉莎航空公司不得不减价，并逐步把中短途运输让位给ICE。在长途旅客运输方面，高速铁路的安全性和舒适度也具有一定的优势。因此高速铁路在各种交通方式的竞争中，能够形成运输市场的重新分配，进一步强化铁路的运输地位。1.1.2 to promote the redistribution of the transport marketCompared with highway and air transport, high-speed rail in a number of technical and economic indicators have obvious advantages, especially in the speed and price, high-speed rail is the most cost-effective mode of transport. Such as the Japanese Shinkansen train running time, from the original 6.5 hours to 3.2 hours, travel speed has doubled, fares cheaper than the aircraft, forcing the Tokyo - Nagoya flights outages. Trains per hour, made one-stop travel time is only 2 hours of Paris - Lyon TGV high-speed line, has claimed most of the aviation market. Connecting London, Paris, Brussels, Eurostar trains, as well as Paris and Brussels high-speed train between Thalgs, but also took away a considerable part of the airline market share. German ICE high-speed trains in operation even after the enormous pressure of the air transport, Lufthansa airlines have had to lower their prices and will gradually build in the short-distance transport to make way for ICE.In the long-distance passenger transport, high-speed railway safety and comfort also has certain advantages. Therefore, high-speed railway can form the re-allocation of the transportation market, and further strengthen the position of rail transport in a variety of modes of transport competition.1.2 高速铁路的外部经济1.2.1 节省时间价值作为基础设施，交通运输业的社会效益远大于其自身的经济效益，其中可计算的旅行时间节约一项，就显示出巨大的社会效益。例如，日本新干线仅旅客由既有铁路改乘高速铁路每年节省的时间价值一项，就相当于修建东海道新干线所需的全部费用。一般经济发展和人民生活水平越高的地方，旅行的单位时间价值也就越高。1.2.1.1 江西沿线单位旅行时间价值的预测江西沿线单位旅行时间价值的预测。据计算，江西沿线人均 GDP始终保持在全国人均GDP的 2倍左右，设2020年江西地区人均 GDP仍保持这个水平。从历年比值中可以算出均值为2.09，取该值为江西沿线地区人均GDP与全国的比值，则江西沿线人均国民生产总值约为44786元。目前劳动法规定每周工作时间限时40小时，则一年的工作时间为2000小时，从而江西沿线单位旅行时间价值约为22.4元/h。1.2 High-Speed Railway In The External Economic1.2.1 saving value of timeAs infrastructure, the social benefits of transport is much larger than its own economic benefits, which calculate the travel time saving one, it shows a huge social benefits. For example, only passengers from Japans Shinkansen high-speed railway existing railway to switch the time value of an annual saving on the construction of the Tokaido Shinkansen is equivalent to the full cost.General economic development and peoples living standards the higher the place, travel, the higher the time value of the unit.1.2.1.1 Jiangxi along the unit value of travel time predictionJiangxi along the unit value of travel time prediction. It has been calculated along the Jiangxi per capita GDP remain at two times the national per capita GDP, about the Jiangxi area is located in 2020 the per capita GDP has remained at this level. Over the years can be calculated from the mean ratio of 2.09, taking the value of the Jiangxi along the regions per capita GDP and the ratio of the country, then along the Jiangxi per capita GDP of about 44,786 yuan.Now that the labor law provides for a 40-hour weekly working time limit, then the years work time is 2 000 hours, which the Jiangxi travel time along the unit value of approximately 22.4 yuan / h.二、高速铁路建设对江西区域经济发展的影响江西高速铁路的建设和运营，为沿线技术资源、生产资源和市场间的优化组合提供了便利条件。此外，高速铁路本身就是高科技发展的产物，它涉及电子、信息、材料、航空、环保等一系列高新技术领域。高速铁路的建设不仅能提高铁路系统内的知识密集度，而且还将带动一大批相关的高新技术产业的发展，促进我国产业向高、精、尖方向发展。(1)有利于沿线经济发展及技术创新源的产生。在江西高速铁路沿线，无论是华中、珠三角，还是长三角，都是中国现阶段最发达的经济区之一。江西沿线地区面积虽然仅占全国的1.74%，但工农业总产值却占全国近2.5%。尽管江西沿线的工业相当发达，但赖以生存的能源却相当贫乏，大部分能源和原材料需要从区外调入。一旦高速铁路投入运营，在客货分线的基础上，货物运输量将会大幅度增加。(2)促进沿线第三产业的发展。高速铁路建成后，由于旅行时间大大缩短，会产生诱发客流。据预测，各地区间客流量的诱发率平均为20%25%。旅客人次的增加，无疑会给沿线的餐饮业、商业、服务业等第三产业的发展带来机遇。(3)增加劳动就业机会。高速铁路对劳动就业机会的增加主要表现在：建设本身需要投入大量劳动力，其维护和运营也需要新增岗位与部门；因高速铁路的建成有助于传统经济和知识经济的发展，导致生产的增加，再加上第三产业和旅游业的发展，必然增大就业机会：高速铁路的运营可以改善旅行条件，节省旅行时间，提高地区的通达性，从而改善投资环境，吸引更多外资，创造更多就业机会。(4)有助于减小地区间的经济发展差异。一个国家或者大范围的区域往往由于历史、地理、政治等原因形成不均衡的区域发展特征，全国性高速铁路网或跨区域的高速铁路可以使不同地区的核心城市连接更加紧密，从而促进经济交流、产业扩散，以及人员和技术的交流，为地区的发展做出贡献。高速铁路不仅能扩大运输能力、降低运输成本、节省旅行时间、促进区域经济发展，而且还能节约资源，减少运输活动对环境的破坏和污染。在法国TGV高速线上，每旅客公里的单位能耗为16g石油当量，而目前许多飞机的平均单位能耗为每旅客公里57g石油当量，同时高速铁路的有害排放物比飞机要小得多。由此可见，高速铁路产生的社会效益是巨大的。IIEffect of high-speed railway construction on Jiangxi Regional Economic DevelopmentJiangxi high-speed railway construction and operation product resources and markets in order along the technical resources between the optimal combination provides a convenient conditions. In addition, the high-speed railway itself is a product of high-tech development, which involves electronics, information, materials, aviation, environmental protection and a series of high-tech fields. The construction of high-speed railway will not only improve the rail system within the knowledge-intensive, but will also bring a large number of related high-tech industry development and promote Chinas industries to high, refined, sharp direction.(1) conducive to economic development and technological innovation along the source of generation. Theres the Jiangxi high-speed railway linkat Central China，Pearl River Delta, or Yangtze River Delta, China at the present stage, is one of the most developed economic zone. While the areas along the Jiangxi high-speed railway of only 1.74% of the country, but the industrial and agricultural output value accounted for nearly 2.5%. While Jiangxi the well-developed industry, but the survival of the energy is quite poor, most of the energy and raw materials need to transferred from outside the region. Once the high-speed railway in operation in the sub-line, on the basis of passenger and freight, freight traffic will increase dramatically. (2) promote the development of industries along the third. High-speed railway is completed, due to significantly reduce travel time, passenger traffic would have induced. It is predicted that the induced traffic around the average interval of 20% -25%. The increase in passenger trips will no doubt give along the catering industry, commerce, services and other tertiary industries and opportunities.(3) increase employment opportunities. High-speed Railway to increase employment opportunities, mainly in: the construction itself requires a lot of labor, its maintenance and operation also need to add positions and departments; due to the completion of high-speed rail will help the development of traditional economic and knowledge-based economy, leading to increase in productivity, coupled with the development of tertiary industry and tourism is bound to increase the employment opportunities: high-speed rail operators to improve travel conditions, saving travel time and improve the accessibility of the region, thereby improving the investment environment, attract more foreign investments and create more job opportunities.(4) help to reduce differences in economic development between regions. Due to historical, geographical, political and other reasons of a country or large areas for the formation of uneven regional development characteristics, the national high-speed rail network or cross-regional high-speed rail can make in different parts of the core city to connect more closely so as to promote economic exchanges , industry-proliferation, as well as personnel and technology exchanges, and contribute to the development area.High-speed railway will not only expand the transportation capacity and lower transport costs and save travel time, promote regional economic development, but also save resources and reduce environmental damage of shipping activities and pollution. French TGV high-speed line, the unit energy consumption per passenger kilometer for the 16g of oil equivalent, while many current aircraft, the average unit energy consumption per passenger km 57g of oil equivalent, while high-speed railway in harmful emissions is much smaller than the aircraft. Thus, high-speed railway generate social benefits are enormous.结论江西位于华中和华南的中心区