动词时态主动语态.doc

动词时态(主动语态)A、预备知识：一、动词分类：1. 行为动词（谓动）： 2. 情态动词： 3. 系动词： 4. 助动词：do , be , will , have/has , 外加情态。 练习：将下列动词分类，并写在上面空格处。 Teach run swim be seem feel sound can could may might must should 二、一般现在时、一般过去时的主动语态，要注意be的用法：有行为动词，不要be 动词；没有行为动词，要加上be 。改错：1.He is goes to school everyday .2. They werent walk to school yesterday . . 3. Are they often have lunch at school ?4. He was returned the book to you yesterday .5. He fifteen years old .6. My father at home now .B、八种时态：一、 一般现在时：1. 哪种情况下使用一般现在时？(1). 经常发生的动作 (2). 客观事实：客观真理，自然现象等等。 (3). 状语从句 主将从现2. 记号词 often (经常) usually (通常) sometimes (有时) alaways (总是) every day (每天) every Sunday (每周星期天)3. 第三人称单数 (三单)：he , she , it , 单数人 , 单数物 , 不定式、动名词、不定代词作主语 4. 结构：(1). 肯定句：主语三单 + 动词三单 。 主语不是三单 + 动原 。(2). 问句： Does + 主语三单 + 动原 ？ Do + 主语不是三单 + 动原 ？(3). 否定句：主语三单 + doesnt + 动原 。 主语不是三单 + dont + 动原 。5问题：1什么是动词的三单形式？2一般现在时中，只有哪一种情况，动词才使用动词的三单形式？3以上结构中，do , does , dont , doesnt 是什么词？起什么作用？它们有没有汉语意思？6练习：1. He often to school by bike .A. is go B. is goes C. go D. goes2. he reading ?A. Is , like B. Is , likes C. Does , like D. Does , likes3. She living in the country .A. isnt enjoy B. isnt enjoys C. doesnt enjoy D. doesnt enjoys4. Hundreds years ago , Bruno(布鲁诺)had already known that the moon roundthe earth .A. is goes B. goes C. was go D. went5. Reading in bed bad for your health .A. be B. am C. is D. are6. I wont let you go if you your idea .A. wont give up B. dont give up C. arent give up 二、 一般过去时：1 动作发生在过去，强调动作发生的时间、地点。2 记号词： (1). yesterday 昨天 two days ago 两天前 last week 上周 just now 刚才 in 1998 在1998年 (2). 表示过去一段时间内经常发生的事，如果与等词搭配，也要用一般过去时。3. 结构：(1). 肯定句：主语 + 动ed 。(2). 问句： Did + 主语 + 动原 ？(3). 否定句：主语 + didnt + 动原 。4问题：1. 一般过去时没有三单概念。 2. 以上结构中，did , didnt是什么词？起什么作用？它们有没有汉语思？ 3一般过去时中，只有哪一种情况，动词才使用动ed ？5练习：1. he (do) his homework yesterday ?.2. He (not do) his homework yesterday .3. When I was young , I often (listen) to stories under the tree .4. He did went to school last Monday . 5. I wasnt talk with my teacher this morning . 三、 现在进行时：1. 正在进行，正在发生。2. 记号词：(1). now , (2). look , (3). Listen (4). Its five in the afternoon (5). 祈使句(说话的时间是此时此刻)3. 结构：am / is / are + Ving 练习：1. Listen , Who the door ?A. is knocking B. knocking at C. is knock at D. is knocking at2. A: they an English lesson at the moment ? B: Yes , they are . A. Are , having B. Are , have C. Do , have D. Do , having 3Alawys , never 用于现在进行时，表示一种很强烈的感情。厌恶或是赞扬 。(1). The boy is always so much noise .A. make B. makes C. making(2) Are you never to your teacher ? If your answer is “yes” , it means youre bad boy .A. listen B. listening四、 过去进行时：1. 过去某个时刻正在发生的动作。2. 结构：was / were + Ving3. 记号词： (1). At nine yesterday from nine to ten last Sunday at that time (2). When / while + 时间状语从句 (过去)4. 注意：(1). When / while引导一个动作发生在过去的从句，不管是主句，还是从句的谓语动词。 只要是延续性动词 过去进行时 只要是 非延续性动词 一般过去时(2). 一般过去时，过去进行时和过去完成时的区别： A如果两个动作发生在过去，一先一后，或间隔比较长。最先发生的用过去完成时；最后发生的用一般过去时。 B如果两个动作发生在过去，而且是同时发生的，延续性用过去进行时，非延续性用一般现在时。 5练习：1. What you at six yesterday morning ?A. do, do B. did , do C. was, doing D. were doing2. It when I got off the bus .A. snows B. was snowing C. snow D. snowed3. The Smiths along the road when their car broke out爆胎 .A. drove B. were driving C. are driving 4. The boy (play) outside when it (begin) to rain five days ago .5. He (run) when he (fell) down last school sports meeting .6. I (watch) TV while my mother (cook) yesterday .7. 我父亲在我看电视时睡着了。My father I TV .五、 一般将来时：1结构：(1). be going to + 动原 打算做，准备做。(2). Will +动原 打算做，准备做。(愿望色彩很浓)(3). Shall I / we + 动原? 表将来，但一般用来提建议。我们做某事好吗？(4). be + 动ing 有些动词 come go fly leave arrive move，可以用进行时表将来 Tomorrow next week from now on in the future sooner or later before long long before in + 将来时间 (在. 以后) 3注意：状语从句中用will表将来，不用be going to表将来。练习：1. A: we (go) hiking ? B: Good idea .2. They (go) for a picnic next week .3. We (fish) if it (not rain) tomorrow .4. He is going to see me as soon as he comes back from XingJiang . 六、 过去将来时：1。从过去某个时间来看，将要发生的动作。2结构：(1). Was / were going to + V原(2). Would + V原3.常用于宾语从句中 (主过宾过) 。练习：1.Could you tell me if you (take) part in our school sports meeting next month ?2. Paul said that he (go) to BeiJing this weekend . 3. He hoped that he (meet) me soon .4. I wondered if he come the next day .A. is B. will C. would D. was going 5. 她想知道我将来打算做什么。 She wondered I .七、现在完成时(一)。用法：1。动作发生在过去，但强调对现在的 影响。2.，动作发生在过去，但一直延续到现在。 Since , for , how long . (二)、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别： 一般过去时：1。强调动作发生的时间，地点(where除外)。过去 2。句中有过去的具体时间yesterday, ago , last , when 等等。 现在完成时： 1。强调对现在的影响。 2动作一直延续到现在。练习：1. I (have) a cold yesterday .2. When you (give) it back to me ? last week .3. I (lose) my watch . I (lose) it on the train .4. 他去哪里了？他去美国了。 Where he ? He America .(三)。记号词1(1). just 刚刚 (2). never从不 (3). before以前 (7). ever曾经 (4). already已经 (5). yet已经 (6). Not yet还没有 (8): 注意：just （现在完成时） just now（一般过去时）2. 是不是出现了以上记号词，就一定要使用现在完成时？ .3. since ,for ,how long（一段时间） 现在完成时(1). Since + 过去的具体时间 自从. (since two years ago ) 主句（现在完成时）+ since + 从句（一般过去时）(2). For + 一段时间 (3). How long 多长时间练习：用since , for填空。1。He has been in China two years .2I have been in the shirt two days ago .3He has been asleep half an hour .4I havent seen him 1992 .(四)。since , for , how long（一段时间） 延续性 Since , for , how long从意思上看，表示动作延续了一点时间，所以动作要用延续性动词。练习：1 将下列非延续性动词转化成延续性动词，并写出其汉语意思。(1). buy (2). catch / get a cold (3). borrow / lend (4). come / go / become / arrive (5). put on (6). open (7). close (8). fall asleep (9). join (10). die (11). leave (12). end / finish (13). begin (14). get / receive a letter from , hear from a letter from 2 改错：(1). How long can I borrow the book ?(2). I have bought the dictionary since last week .(3). M r. Lee has joined the party for 20 years .(4). How long has he died ?(5). I have left there for 10 years .3. 不要叫醒他，他刚睡了半小时。Dont wake him up , He just for half an hour .4. 他收到Jim的信有4天了。He a letter from Jim for 4 days 5. We each other for a long time .A: see B: saw C: are seeing D: havent seen 记住：非延续性动词的否定形式相当于延续性动词。 (五)、短语辨析1Have been in + 地点（一直住在某地）2Have been to + 地点（曾经去过某地，已回来）3Have gone to + 地点（去某地了，现在不在这儿）4注意：地点副词的前面不能加介词。 练习:1. A: Wheres Jim ? B: He _ England .A: has gone to B: has been to C: went to 2. Mr. Green China for three years .A: has been to B: has come to C: has been in 3. Bruce is young , but he many foreign countries .A: has been in B: has been to C: has gone to 4. Anns grandpa was not in good health . Ann see him last week .A: has gone to B: has been to C: went to 5. How wonderful the great wall ! I a place of interest like this .A: have never been to B: didnt go to C: have never gone to 八、过去完成时：1. 两个动作都发生在过去，最先发生的动作用过去完成时，最后发生的动作用一般过去时。 过去的过去 过去完成时2. 常用于宾语从句中。主过宾过3. 结构：had + 过去分词4. 记号词：(1). by / by the end of + 过去时间 到. 为止(2) by the time + 从句 (过去时间) 到. 为止练习：用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We (know) the news by yesterday .2. He said that he (become) a member of the party last July .3. We already (have) supper when he (come) back .4. By the time we (get) there , the bus already (go) .5. He (say) that he never (see) such an exciting match before .6. We (reach) the station before ten oclock yesterday .练习：一、 选择题：1. I give him the letter as soon as he back .A. am going to , come B. am going to , comes C. will , come D. will , comes 2. We the news by the day before yesterday .A. know B. knew C. had known D. had know 3. If it tomorrow , well not play football .A. rains B. dont rain C. doesnt rain D. wont rain 4. The family TV when I at the door .A. was watching , knocked B. watched , was knocking C. were watching , knowed D. were watching , was knocking5. He said he a party last July .A. would become B. become C. was becoming D. had become 6. A: Dick back yet ? B: Yes , he has .A. Does , come B. Did , come C. Has , come D. Has , returned 7. A: When she ? B: Two years ago .A. did , return B. did , returned C. has , returned D. was , returned8. I to Beijing twice .A. had gone B. had been C. have been D. have gone 9. My sister to New York . Shes studying there .A. had gone B. have gone C. went D. has gone10. We already our supper when he came back .A. have , had B. had , had C. were , having11. Kate a little Chinese before she came to China .A. has know B. known C. knows D. had known12. The film is the most interesting one that I .A. saw B. seen C. had ever seen D. have ever seen 13. After he his lessons , he had a short rest .A. has done B. had done C. did 14. What you at 10 last night ?A. were , writing B. was , written C. did , write 15. While I with the headmaster , Li Ming came up (过来) 。A. talked B. talking C. was talking 二、 用所给动词的正确时态填空：1. They (not leave) until he returns .2. H