Grammar省略.ppt

Unit2Theuniversallanguage Grammarandusage hemust Inordertoavoidmarriage shesaysthatanypotentialhusbandmustanswerthreeriddlescorrectlyordie WhatisEllipsis Somewordscanbeleftoutwhenwedonotwanttorepeatthem Thisiscalledellipsis Ellipsisisusedwhenwedonotwanttorepeatwordsorphrasesthatareobvious Somewordsofasentencecanbeleftoutwhilethemeaningcanstillbeunderstood 1 MyfatherlikessportsmorethanTom twomeanings 2 MyfatherlikessportsmorethanTomdoes correct 3 MyfatherlikessportsmorethanhelikesTom correct I 简单句中的省略 1 在口语中 Howisyourmothertoday Sheis Muchbetter Isthere Anythingwrong 2 在祈使句中 You Openthedoor please I Thankyouverymuch 3 在感叹句中Whata good boy heis How hard theyareworking 4 在名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺 住宅 教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物Athermother s house shepassedmanyhappydays Imethimatthedoctors house 5 动词不定式的省略 a 为避免重复 常省略上文已提到的动词原形 只保留不定式中的小品词to 这类动词有 expect forget hope intend mean prefer refuse try want wish wouldlike like和love等 如 Sheaskedmetodancewithher butIdidn twantto dancewithher Willyougowithme Well I dliketo gowithyou b 在haveto need oughtto begoingto usedto等后省略动词 如 Ireallydidn twanttogotherewithhim butIhadto gotherewithhim c 在某些形容词delight glad happy pleased等后省略to后面的动词 如 Willyoujoininourdiscussion I llbegladto joininyourdiscussion d 若不定式中带有be have等 通常保留be have 如 Areyouateacher No butIusedtobe ateacher Johndidn tcome butheoughttohave come 1 Hepromisedtocometoseeyou Buthe I vebeenallalone A didn tB wouldn tC hasn tD won t2 Haveyouwateredtheflowers No but A IamB I mgoingC I mjustgoingtoD Iwillgo3 Hehasn tgonetotheofficeuptonow Well he A shouldB oughttoC oughttogoD oughttohave C C D II 并列句中的省略 1 后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略 如 Shewaspoorbut shewas honest Bobhasdonehishomework butTomhasn t donehishomework 2 有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中 看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义 如 Marycan speakEnglish and Mary oughttospeakEnglish Bobworks inLondon andPeterlivesinLondon III 复合句中的省略 1 主句的省略 1 主句的省略多见于句首 多用于口语中 It sa pityyoucouldn tcome 2 在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句 ShallIgotoplay Ifyoulike youcangotoplay 2 宾语从句中的省略 1 由which when where how和why引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语或谓语 可全部或部分省去 只保留引导词 如 Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks Idon tcarewhich bookyoupassme Hewillcomeback butshedoesn tknowwhen hewillcomeback ShewantstolearnEnglishwell yetshedoesn tknowhow shecanlearnitwell 2 在I mafraid Ithink Ibelieve Ihope Iguess Iexpect Isuppose Iimagine等开头的作答句中 后面跟so与not分别用于肯定或否定 宾语从句可省去 b Doyouthinkitwillrain Ihopeso itwillrain a Doyoubelieveourteamwillwin Iguessso yourteamwillwin Ihopenot thatitwillnotrain 注 Ihopeso的否定式只能用Ihopenot 不可用Idon thopeso Iguessnot yourteamwillnotwin Idon tguessso c Willwebelate I mafraidso not 1 Islippedonthestairs Ithinkmyarmisbroken Oh I A donothopetoB donothopeC hopenotsoD hopenot2 IsProfessorTateverysick I mafraid A soB thisC toD that D A 3 状语从句中的省略 在有些状语从句中 如果从句的主语是it 其后的be动词及其主语可一起省略 这种结构通常为 ifitispossible whenitisnecessary等 如 Pleasetrytofinishyourhomeworkbyyourselfif itis possible We llhavetheoldhousepulleddownwhen itis necessary 2 在虚拟条件状语从句中 当助动词为were had should等时 连词if可省略 但were had和should需要倒装到主语的前面 如 WereIyou Iwoulddomoreexercise HadIhadtime Iwouldhavegoneshoppingwithyou IfIwereyou IfIhadhadtime 4 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致 并且从句的谓语部分有be动词 则可以将从语中的主语及be动词一起省略 引导这类状语从句的连词有 when while though if和unless 如 When youare crossingtheroad you dbetterlookatbothsides Thelittlegirlbegantocrywhen shewas askedbythepolice Unless Iam invitedIwillnotgo 3 以as than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去 如 Hegotupearlyasusual hedid Afterhalfahour shebecamequieter thanshehadbeen Hestudiesashardasyou study 4 定语从句中的省略 1 定语从句的关系代词that which who在从句中作主语且后面有be动词 我们可以省略关系代词及be动词 如 Thegirl whois standingunderthetreeisMary Thebridge whichwas builtin1927brokedown Thegirl whois infrontoftheclassroomisMary 2 在限制性定语从句起宾语作用的关系代词that which whom可以省略 在thesame as和such as引导的定语从句中 可以省略与主句相同的部分 先行词是theway 后面的定语从句中 可以省略that或inwhich 如 Heisoneoftheman whom Icantrust Wewilldothesameworkasthey do Idon tliketheway that inwhich youspeaktoyourmother 1 Isthisthereason atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork NMET2002上海春 A heexplainedB whatheexplainedC howheexplainedD whyheexplained2 Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut hesaidit NMET2004湖北卷 A thewayB inthewaythatC inthewayD thewaywhich3 Whenfirst tothemarket theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess NMET2004全国卷II A introducingB introducedC introduceD beingintroduced A A B 4 Itshamesmetosayit butItoldaliewhen atthemeetingbymyboss NMET2004全国卷IV A questioningB havingquestionedC questionedD tobequestioned5 W