广州初中英语语法之学案5-情态动词.doc

初中语法情态动词专题 （By Ivan）考纲要求1. 掌握出现频率较高的情态动词can,may,must,need等词的用法。2. 注意常见情态动词的提问和回答，尤其是May I ?和Must I ?的否定回答。3. 掌握情态动词表示推测的用法，尤其注意cant 和mustnt的区别近三年广州市中考考查情况年份题型分值难易程度考点备注2010单项选择1容易题情态动词否定意义的区别2011单项选择1容易题从语境中区别情态动词；情态动词否定意义的区别2012单项选择1容易题从语境中区别情态动词命题规律 近三年情态动词的考查题型以单项选择题为主；其考查内容主要集中在常用情态动词的基本用法的区别上，特别是否定意义的不同。预计2013年广州中考在情态动词方面主要会考查may,must和cant表示猜测的用法。第一部分： 情态动词概述1. 含义：表示命令、允许、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、敢于、需要等的动词是情态动词。2. 特征： 它本身有一定的词义，表示说话人对某一动作的看法和态度。但不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语；情态动词没有人称和数的变化。含有情态动词的句子改为问句和否定句时，无需添加助动词，可直接构成问句和否定句。如；He could be here soon. 他很快就来。 We cant carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 Im sorry I cant help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是:基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。 如：What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要） You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经）3. 分类：1）只做情态动词：must, can / could, may / might, ought to, be able to 2）可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need, dare，have /had to, used to 3）具有情态动词特征：have(had, has) to, used to 4. 形式变化：1) 情态动词没有人称和数的变化, 第三人称单数的现在时也无变化。2) 有些情态动词有过去式, 有的过去式和它的原型相同。a. 有过去式的有: can could may might will would shall should have to had tob. 有些情态动词有过去式，有少数过去式和它的原形相同。 must must (或had to) ought to ought to needneed dare dare(亦可用dared) c. 否定式shall not shant will not wont can not cant must not mustnt should not shouldnt dare not darentwould not wouldnt could not couldnt need not neednt5.情态动词can, may, must的用法： can 用法1）表示能力，“能，会”-与be able to同义，但can只用于现在时和过去时，be able to可用于各种时态。如：Two eyes can see more than one. He can swim well, but I cant.注：Can you ? Yes, I can / No, I cant.2) 表示“许可，可以”-用could比can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于could I /you .?句型中，若表示同意时，用can回答而不用could.如；Could I borrow the book ? No, you cant .3）表示推测 “可能”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。（cant表示一定不是）如：It cant be true. Can it be true? may 用法1）表示“请求，许可”（= can ）- 表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。如：May I sue your dictionary? 我可以用你的字典吗？ 注：May I ? Yes ,you may No, you cant / mustnt .在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly.2）表示推测，“可能，或许”（谈论可能性，一般用于肯定句。）如：I may go to the market next Monday. She may be in the classroom. Maybe he knows the news. = He may know the news. must用法1）表示义务，意为“必须”（主观意志）。如：You must stay here until I come back. 你必须在这儿直到我回来。注：-Must I ? -Yes, you must / No, you neednt(dont have to ).如We must do everything step by step. -Must we hand in our exercise books now? -No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 2）mustnt 表禁止、不允许。 如：You mustnt talk to her like that.3）表示有把握的判断或揣测，意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。如： He must be ill. He looks so pale. Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 注：must表推测时，其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。如：You must be a middle-school student, arent you? It must be you, isnt it? 这肯定是你，是吗？There must be something wrong,_ _? need的用法 need既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1) 用作情态动词，用于否定句和疑问句中。a) -Need I ? -Yes, you must / No, you neednt.如 Need we finish the work today? Yes you _? A.need B.can C. may D.must b) need + do sth . 变否定句：neednt do sth 变疑问句：Need sb do sth ?2)用作实义动词a) need + to do sth . 变否定句：dont /doesnt /didnt + need to do sth . 变疑问句：Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ?b) 当主语是物时。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done .如：The table needs painting. =The table needs to be painted. shall, will的用法1）Shall用于第一人称I/We，表示征求对方意见或表示客气的请求。will用于第二、三人称,Will在一般疑问句中表示客气地请求2）用来征求对方意见，3）用来表示意愿。 would, should的用法1）would, should为will，shall 的过去式；2）would用于现在时，表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法；3）should还有“应该”的意思，但语气比must 弱。【即时消化“1打题”】 ( )1.- Can I wear any clothes I like to school? - No, you cant. You _ wear a uniform. A. might B. must C. will D. would( )2._you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the telephone number.A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should( )3. - _ I borrow your MP3? -Sure. Here you are.A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would( )4. - _ you play golf? - No. But I can play table tennis.ACan B. May C. Must D. Should( )5. - Im sorry. I didnt win the race yesterday. - Thats OK. You _ win every time.A. cant B. must C. can D. mustnt( )6.Cars, buses and bikes _ stop when the traffic light is red.A. can B. must C. may D. need( )7._I open the window? Its hot here. A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would( )8.Go and ask Mr. Liu. He _tell you. A.may B.can C.would D.could( )9._you please tell me the time please? A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Might( )10._I speak to Mr. Green，please? A.Will B.Could C.Must D.Would( )11. - _ you swim?- Yes, but Im not a good swimmer.A. Can B. May C. Need D. Must( )12. - _I borrow these magazines? -Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need 情态动词否定式的意思 cant _ mustnt_ shouldnt _ neednt = dont have to_ wont _ had better not + 动词原形_【即时消化题】 ( )1.They _ play football last Friday because Simon forgot to bring his football here. A.could B.couldnt C.cant D.can( )2. - _I try out all the ideas? - No,you _. A.Must,mustnt B.Need,need C.Must,dont have to D.Must,dont( )3. - Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?- Id love to. But Im afraid I_.I have too much work to do. A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not( )4.To make our city more beautiful，rubbish_into the river. A.neednt be thrown B.mustnt be thrown C.cant throw D.may not throw( )5.Dont worry!We can get to the bus station in time and _the early bus. A.dont miss B.can miss C.will miss D.wont miss( )6. - Please dont make any noise in the reading room. - _ A.Sorry,I wont. B.Sorry,I cant. C.Yes, I wont. D.OK,I didnt.( )7. - Must I return your digital camera tomorrow, Tina? - No,you_. A.mustnt B.may not C.neednt D.wont( )8. -Would you like some more? - _Im full. A.Yes,please. B.Id love to. C.No,I wouldnt. D.No,thanks.( )9.You_swim in this part of the lake.Its dangerous. A.mustnt B.may not C.neednt D.wont( )10. -Your e-mail address again? I_quite catch it. - Hr Zhou 263.com.A.dont B.cant C.wont D.didnt 【重点】情态动词表示猜测的用法 ( )1.- This pair of shoes _ belong to Jack.He likes this kind very much. - It _ be his.Its too large for him. A.can;cant B.may;neednt C.must;mustnt D.must;cant( )2. -Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon? - Id love to. But Im afraid I _. I have too much work to do.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not( )3. -Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li? - No, it _ be him. Mr. Li is much taller.A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt( )4. -Is that Mr. Brown?- No,it _ Mr Brown.He went to London this morning.A.mustnt be B.cant be C.may not be D.shouldnt be( )5. -Look! The man at the gate _ be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning. - No, it _ be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now.A. must, cant B. must, mustnt C. cant, cant D. cant, mustnt( )6. -Whose notebook is this? -It Janes. It has her name on it.A. must be B. might belong to C. may be D.could be( )7. - What would you send to your sister as the Christmas gift?- I havent decided yet. I _ send her a hand bag. A. shall B. may C. must( )8. -Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.-It _ be very expensive. I never even dream about it. A. must B. might C. cant D. shouldnt( )9. - Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting?-Im not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He _ know. A. can B. may C. need D. shall( )10.Anna hasnt come to school today. I think she _ be ill. A. can B. has to C. may D. should【重点】含有情态动词的疑问句及其回答 ( )1.- May we leave the classroom now? - No,you _.You _ to leave until the bell rings. A.mustnt;are allowed B.dont have to;are supposed C.neednt;arent allowed D.cant;arent supposed( )2. - I take some photos in the hall?-No, you . A. Can; neednt B. Must; mustnt C. Could; wont D. May; mustnt( )3.- _ I finish my homework today? - No, you neednt.A. Can B. Must C. May D. Shall( )4.- Must I return this book today, Mrs. Smith? - No, you _. You may keep it until next week.A. may not B. cant C. must not D. neednt( )5.- May I smoke here? - No, you _. This is a no-smoking room.A. neednt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. wont ( )6.- May I go now? - No. You _ let the teacher know first.A. need B. must C. can D. may( )7. - Could I look at your pictures? -Yes,of course you _. A.could B.can C.will D.might( )8. - May I watch TV for a while？ - No, you .You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. wont( )9.- Must we finish giving out the posters today?- Yes, we _. It cant be put off any longer. A. can B. may C. must( )10.- Mum, can I go to the movies today? - Sure, but you finish your school work first. A. can B. cant C. must D. needntmust和have to的用法区别【例1】The last bus had left so we _ take a taxi to go back to the hotel.A.must B.can C.had to D.need to( )1.When traffic lights are red. We _stop and wait. A. may B. can C. must D. might.( )2.一I really like playing computer games!一Im afraid you _stop，for your study and your health. A.can B.may C.must D.had to辨析must 和have to1) 两者都表示“必须”的意思，一般情况下，两者可互换。 must = have to 2) must “必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。（内在原因） have to “必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因）如：I was ill, so mother had to send for a doctor. She said that she must study hard. 真题训练( )1.You _ stop when the traffic light turns red. A. can B. had better C. need D. must( )2. Mum, must I stay there the whole day? No, you _. You_ _ come back after lunch, if you like. A. mustnt; can B. neednt; must C. neednt; may( )3.“Whose notebook is this?” “It _ Jims. It has his name on it.” A. cant be B. must be C. can be( )4. Theres enough time for you to go to the airport. You _ hurry now. A. should B. neednt C. must D. cant( )5.Mum, must I wash the dishes right now? No, you _. A. shouldnt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. neednt( )6. _I swim here? Im sorry. Children _ swim alone here. A. Must; cant B. May; must C. Can; mustnt D. Cant; can( )7. You can hardly swim _ you? _But my mother says shell teach me during my summer holiday Acant；No Bcan；No Ccant；Yes Dcan；Yes( )8. Is that your teacher? That _ be Mr.Wang. He has gone to Japan with his wife. A. cant B. mustnt C. may not( )9. _ your brother speak Japanese? Yes, he has learnt it in Tokyo for three years. A. Should B. Must C. Can D. May( )10. Is that girl under the tree Mary? No, that _ be Mary. She is in New York. A. can B. mustnt C. cant D. must( )11. Is Maria kocking at the door? It _ be her. She is in Australia now. A.may not B.neednt C.mustnt D.cant ( )12. Shall we take a taxi? No,we . Its not far from here. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt( )13.You _ be happy with the strong public support youve received. Yes,youre right.Im really excited. A.may B.can C.must D.need( )14.Tom,you _ play with the knifeYou_ hurt yourself A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; should( )15. Who is that? It _ be Shirly. Only she is in red today . A. could B. may C. must( )16. My brother won the first prize in speech competition. Congratulations! You be excited about that! A. need B. must C. would D. can( )17.In competition, as in life, you _ not always win. A. may B. shall C. must( )18.That man _ be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant( )19. Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon? No, you . All of us will go on an outing. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. couldnt( )20. Meng Fei had his arm broken while recording If You Are the One in Beijing. Really? Then perhaps he host TV programs for some time. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant( )21. Have you decided which senior high school to choose? Not yet. I go to Moonlight School. A. must B. may C. need D. should( )22. I hear youve got a new iPhone 4S _ I have a look? Yes, certainly. A. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should( )23. The lady in this photo be over fifty! She looks so young! A. mustnt B. must C. cant D. can( )24. Must I do my homework now, Mum? . You can do it tomorrow. A. No, you neednt B. No, you mustnt C. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must( )25. Dad, must I practice the piano today? No, you . You may do it tomorrow. A. neednt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. cant( )26. Excuse me, when are we going to have a picnic? Im not sure, Ask our monitor, please. He know. A. need B. can C. may D. shall( )27.- Im afraid I need a pair of glasses. I _ hardly see the words on the blackboard. - Thats terrible. You may have got poor eyesight. A. can B. must C. may D. need( )28. Last year I _ drive. I used to take the bus. A. could B. couldnt C. should D. shouldnt ( )29.In Britain, you _ be 18 if you want to drive a car. A.can B.must C.may D.might( )30. You be excited that youre going back to your hometown soon. Yes, I cant wait any longer. A. shall B. can C. need D. must( )31. _ I