外文文献摘要翻译

Applying HAZAN methodology to hazmat transportation risk assessment作者: Chakrabarti, UK (Chakrabarti, Uday Kumar)1; Parikh, JK (Parikh, Jigisha K.)1 来源出版物: PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION卷: 90 期: 5 特刊: SI 页: 368-375 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2012.05.011 出版年: SEP 2012 摘要: As conceptualized and put forward by Kletz, avoiding hazard at first instance is always desirable than trying to protect or manage it. However, there could be certain hazards which may not be possible to be totally eliminated and thus shall be analyzed and assessed in order to either reduce the probability of occurrence or limit the severity of consequences. Trevors methodologies on HAZOP and hazard analysis (HAZAN) for process hazards are quite straightforward where the hazard is considered as a point source unlike hazmat transportation which is a moving source of hazard. The authors applied the HAZAN techniques to the transportation risk assessment of three different United Nations classes of hazardous materials (hazmats) through important industrial corridors of Surat district in western India that helped local authorities not only to decide on the minimum risk routes to regulate hazmat traffic but also to prepare an effective evacuation and emergency response strategies. (C) 2012 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 概要：运用HAZAN（危害和可操作性研究以及危害分析）方法进行危险品运输风险评估。在这个方法中考虑危害为点源而非移动危害源，这个方法不仅能帮助人们决策风险最小路径，并且能够提供有效的疏散和应急措施。A multimodal location and routing model for hazardous materials transportation作者: Xie, YC (Xie, Yuanchang)1; Lu, W (Lu, Wei)2; Wang, W (Wang, Wen)2; Quadrifoglio, L (Quadrifoglio, Luca)2 来源出版物: JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS卷: 227 页: 135-141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.028 出版年: AUG 15 2012 摘要: The recent US Commodity Flow Survey data suggest that transporting hazardous materials (HAZMAT) often involves multiple modes, especially for long-distance transportation. However, not much research has been conducted on HAZMAT location and routing on a multimodal transportation network. Most existing HAZMAT location and routing studies focus exclusively on single mode (either highways or railways). Motivated by the lack of research on multimodal HAZMAT location and routing and the fact that there is an increasing demand for it, this research proposes a multimodal HAZMAT model that simultaneously optimizes the locations of transfer yards and transportation routes. The developed model is applied to two case studies of different network sizes to demonstrate its applicability. The results are analyzed and suggestions for future research are provided. Published by Elsevier BM. 概要：危险品运输多式联运节点选取和路径模型，危险品运输尤其是长距离运输多涉及多式联运问题，以前的危险品运输节点选择及路径选择均多考虑单一运输方式，本文提出了多式联运的危险品运输模型并运用到两个实例中验证其实用性，最后提出了进一步研究的建议。Analysis of factors that influence hazardous material transportation accidents based on Bayesian networks: A case study in China作者: Zhao, LJ (Zhao, Laijun)1; Wang, XL (Wang, Xulei)1,2; Qian, Y (Qian, Ying)1 来源出版物: SAFETY SCIENCE卷: 50 期: 4 特刊: SI 页: 1049-1055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2011.12.003 出版年: APR 2012 摘要: In this study, we applied Bayesian networks to prioritize the factors that influence hazardous material (Hazmat) transportation accidents. The Bayesian network structure was built based on expert knowledge using Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, and the structure was modified based on a test for conditional independence. We collected and analyzed 94 cases of Chinese Hazmat transportation accidents to compute the posterior probability of each factor using the expectation-maximization learning algorithm. We found that the three most influential factors in Hazmat transportation accidents were human factors, the transport vehicle and facilities, and packing and loading of the Hazmat. These findings provide an empirically supported theoretical basis for Hazmat transportation corporations to take corrective and preventative measures to reduce the risk of accidents. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 概要：基于贝叶斯网络的危险品运输事故影响因素分析，中国的案例研究。本文运用贝叶斯网络区分危险品运输风险影响因素的先后次序，从中国94起危险品运输事故里计算后验概率得出三个最重要的影响因素为：人性因素、运输车辆和设备以及危险品的包装装卸因素。Combined Distance-Reliability Model for Hazardous Waste Transportation and Disposal作者: Aboutahoun, AW (Aboutahoun, Abdallah W.) 来源出版物: LIFE SCIENCE JOURNAL-ACTA ZHENGZHOU UNIVERSITY OVERSEAS EDITION卷: 9 期: 2 页: 1286-1295 出版年: 2012 摘要: A mathematical model that simultaneously locating a multiple disposal or a treatment facilities and determining a route for hazmat transportation network is presented. The objective is to minimize the distance traversed and population at risk. The route which minimizes a weighted hybrid metric path designation of accident probability and distance is significantly different from the minimum distance path. An adaption of Floyd Warshalls algorithm is used to find the hybrid path designation. An example is used to illustrate the applicability of the model. Abdallah W. Aboutahoun. Combined Distance-Reliability Model for Hazardous Waste Transportation and Disposal. Life Sci J 2012;9(2):1286-1295 (ISSN: 1097-8135). . 190 概要：结合距离可靠性的危险品运输和处置模型，该模型同时考虑了节点选取和路径选择问题，旨在尽量减少运输距离及危险群众，与最短距离路径显著不同，运用佛洛依德Warshall算法寻求混合指定路径，文中结合实例证明了它的适用性。Support area as an indicator of environmental load: Comparison between Embodied Energy, Ecological Footprint, and Emergy Accounting methods作者: Agostinho, F (Agostinho, Feni)1; Pereira, L (Pereira, Lucas)2 来源出版物: ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS卷: 24 页: 494-503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.08.006 出版年: JAN 2013 Environmental aspects have been acknowledged as an important issue in decision making at any field during the last two decades. There are several available methodologies able to assess the environmental burden, among which the Ecological Footprint has been widely used due to its easy-to-understand final indicator. However, its theoretical base has been target of some criticisms about the inadequate representation of the sustainability concept by its final indicator. In a parallel way, efforts have been made to use the theoretical strength of the Emergy Accounting to obtain an index similar to that supplied by the Ecological Footprint. Focusing on these aspects, this work assesses the support area (SA) index for Brazilian sugarcane and American corn crop through four different approaches: Embodied Energy Analysis (SA(EE), Ecological Footprint (SA(EF), Renewable Empower Density (SA(R), and Emergy Net Primary Productivity (SA(NPP). Results indicate that the load on environment varies accordingly to the methodology considered for its calculation, in which emergy approach showed the higher values. Focusing on crops comparison, the load by producing both crops are similar with an average of 0.04 ha obtained by SA(EE), 1.86 ha by SA(EF), 4.24 ha by SA(R), and 4.32 ha by SA(NPP). Discussion indicates that support area calculated using Emergy Accounting is more eligible to represent the load on the environment due to its global scale view. Nevertheless, each methodology has its contribution depending of the study objectives, but it is important to consider the real meaning and the scope of each one. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.概要：环境负荷的方法有多种，本文中介绍了四种方法：体现节能分析法（SA(EE)）、生态足迹法（SA(EF)）、可再生增强密度法(SA(R)、能值净初级生产力法(SA(NPP)。结合实例说明了不同的评价方法具有不同的适用范围和评估结果。Emergy measures of carrying capacity and sustainability of a target region for an ecological restoration programme: A case study in Loess Hilly Region, China作者: Dang, XH (Dang, Xiaohu)1; Liu, GB (Liu, Guobin)2,3 来源出版物: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT卷: 102 页: 55-64 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.02.023 出版年: JUL 15 2012 摘要: Evaluating the sustainability of a target region for an ecological restoration programme is challenging because it involves different aspects of human society and environment as well as multiple disciplines. Carrying capacity provides a useful measure of the sustainability of a given region where an ecological restoration programme is implemented. In this article, the Yangou catchment, a geomorphic unit, was used as a case study in the Loess Hilly Region of China, where emergy synthesis was used to measure the environmental resources base. The specific standard of living in terms of emergy was employed to calculate carrying capacity over the period 1998-2005 and to assess the sustainability of the Yangou catchment where an ecological restoration programme was carried out. The results of the evaluation indicated that after implementing the ecological restoration programme, there was some improvement in the environmental aspects of the Yangou catchment during the study period, suggesting that the ecological restoration programme alleviated ecological degradation. However, several emergy-based indices and the support areas also illustrated that the ecological restoration programme was not successful enough in terms of preservation and utilisation of environmental resources to enhance sustainability. This indicates that further actions are necessary on conserving environmental resources, improving the emergy input structure for agricultural production and in lifestyle changes for the local people in living in the Yangou catchment. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 概要：中国黄土丘陵区的生态恢复计划目标区域的环境承载能值测量和可持续性考查，本文中就燕沟流域黄土丘陵区的环境承载能力进行度量，并给出了可持续发展的意见和建议。Healthcare waste management status in Lagos State, Nigeria: a case study from selected healthcare facilities in Ikorodu and Lagos metropolis作者: Longe, EO (Longe, Ezechiel O.) 来源出版物: WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH卷: 30 期: 6 特刊: SI 页: 562-571 DOI: 10.1177/0734242X11412109 出版年: JUN 2012 摘要: A survey of healthcare waste management practices and their implications for health and the environment was carried out. The study assessed waste management practices in 20 healthcare facilities ranging in capacity from 40 to 600 beds in Ikorodu and metropolitan Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. The prevailing healthcare waste management status was analysed. Management issues on quantities and proportion of different constituents of waste, segregation, collection, handling, transportation, treatment and disposal methods were assessed. The waste generation averaged 0.631 kg bed(-1) day(-1) over the survey area. The waste stream from the healthcare facilities consisted of general waste (59.0%), infectious waste (29.7%), sharps and pathological (8.9%), chemical (1.45%) and others (0.95%). Sharps/pathological waste includes disposable syringes. In general, the waste materials were collected in a mixed form, transported and disposed of along with municipal solid waste with attendant risks to health and safety. Most facilities lacked appropriate treatment systems for a variety of reasons that included inadequate funding and little or no priority for healthcare waste management as well as a lack of professionally competent waste managers among healthcare providers. Hazards associated with healthcare waste management and shortcomings in the existing system were identified. 概要：本文对尼日利亚拉各斯州医疗废物管理现状进行了调查研究，对医疗废物的数量、成分、隔离、收集、操作、运输、处理和处置方法进行了评估，对医疗废物处理的系统化缺失原因进行了分析。Per capita resource consumption and resource carrying capacity: A comparison of the sustainability of 17 mainstream countries作者: Lei, KP (Lei, Kampeng)1; Zhou, SQ (Zhou, Shaoqi)1,2 来源出版物: ENERGY POLICY卷: 42 页: 603-612 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.12.030 出版年: MAR 2012 摘要: Sustainability involves aspects of society, economy, and environment. Environmental sustainability is one of the most important factors to support global energy consumption and to absorb the pollution generated by human activities. Because emergy can be used to measure both money and energy flows in the same units, it provides a way to measure the real wealth of both natural and economic systems and the impact of human activities on these systems. A comparison of the carrying capacity of natural resources with the consumption of these resources at regional or global scales can provide a clear image of sustainability. To assess sustainability around the world, we used the National Environmental Accounting Database data for 102 nations (2008 data) to evaluate the resource consumption by 17 mainstream countries. Our results revealed that most of the countries consumed too many resources, thereby decreasing the overall global sustainability of the natural resources that sustain human society. Our results confirm previous predictions that to ensure long-term sustainability, it will be necessary to control population increases, reduce emergy consumption, and promote emergy efficiency. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.概要：可持续发展涉及社会、经济及环境因素。本文通过国际环境会计数据库数据分析出了17个主流国家的能源消耗情况，对可持续发展状况的资源承载能力均值有一定的期许，表明个别国家的资源消耗过多，降低了世界资源可持续发展水平，因此得出减少人口、减少能值消耗，提高能值效率是必经途径。An analysis of the worlds environment and population dynamics with varying carrying capacity, concerns and skepticism作者: Berck, P (Berck, Peter)1; Levy, A (Levy, Amnon)2; Chowdhury, K (Chowdhury, Khorshed)2 来源出版物: ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS卷: 73 页: 103-112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.09.019 出版年: JAN 15 2012 摘要: Because of the open-access nature of the environment we consider an ad hoc adjustment of peoples environmental footprint to the quality of the environment. The adjustment is motivated by environmental concern, but hindered by skepticism about announced changes in the state of the environment. Changes in the quality of the environment affect Earths carrying capacity. By expanding the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model to include these features we show that, despite skepticism, the environment does not deteriorate to a state in which humans cannot exist. We also show that in the ideal case of no skepticism, the interplay between the non-optimally changing environmental concerns and carrying capacity leads the worlds environment and human population to a unique interior steady state along an oscillating course. These results require no further technological, social or international progress. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved概要：不同承载能力、关注和怀疑的情况下世界环境和种群的动态分析。环境质量的改变影响着地球的承载能力，假定静态情况下，分析得出在非最优环境关注和承载力的共同作用下将导致世界环境和人口总数将形成一个经历振荡过程的内部稳定结构。Research on Regional Ecological Security Assessment作者: Tian, JY (Tian, Jingyi)1; Gang, GS (Gang, Gengshi) 编者: Yang, G 来源出版物: 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUTURE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND MATERIALS, PT B丛书: Energy Procedia 卷: 16 页: 1180-1186 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.188 子辑: Part b 出版年: 2012 会议: International Conference on Future Energy, Environment, and Materials (FEEM) 会议地点: Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA 会议日期: APR 12-13, 2012 摘要: Purpose This paper explains the basic theory and research methods of ecological security based on the basic concept of ecological security. Qinhuangdao City is the study area, the index system of its ecological security assessment was constructed on the basis of the pressure - state - response conceptual model, and its ecological security was evaluated by comprehensive index method. The evaluation result is that the ecological security index of Qinhuangdao is 0.633, and it is in the lower bound of the relatively safer state. At present, the main ecological problems are water shortage, water pollutions, large quantity of gaseous pollutants emission from heavy industry enterprises, inadequate protection of natural reserves, and insufficient investments in environmental protection. Some targeted countermeasures for strengthening regional ecological security management are proposed as following: establishing ecological security early warning system, developing and utilizing water resources rationally to improve water utilization efficiency, strengthening the marine environmental protection to ensure the security of marine environment, reducing sulfur dioxide emission volume by improving air quality through an effective way, and implementing ecological restoration project to improve the ecological carrying capacity. The ecology of Qinhuangdao would move to a safer ecological level through these channels. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of International Materials Science Society. 概要：区域生态安全评价研究，本文按照特定原则产生评价指标，并用综合指数法对秦皇岛地区进行生态安全评价，评价结果表明秦皇岛处于生态相对安全下界边缘，并分析了主要存在的问题，提出了一些有针对性的措施。Study on Tourism Environment Dynamic Carrying Capacity: Model and Evaluation作者: Li, LH (Li Lihong)1; Liang, Z (Liang Zhi); Lu, ZY (Lu Zhengying); Wang, S (Wang Shuang); Jiang, ZY (Jiang Zhaoyi); Qiao, L (Qiao Lu); Ji, ZC (Ji Zhicong) 编者: Zhang, YL 来源出版物: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH EURO-ASIA CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND CSR: TOURISM, MICE, HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION SESSION, PT II页: 109-115 出版年: 2012 会议: 7th Euro-Asian Conference on Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 会议地点: Freiberg, GERMANY 会议日期: AUG 25-27, 2011 会议赞助商: German Acad Exchange Serv Fdn; IMRE Alumni Network 摘要: Tourism environment carrying capacity has the holistic and dynamic characteristics. The changes of constituent elements of the tourism environmental system are closely related to