2015中考复习——现在完成时态专练(无答案).doc

现在完成时一、现在完成时标志性时间状语so far(到目前为止), in the past/last+ 一段时间(在过去的里), till now /up to now, (直到现在) in recent years/(在最近), recently(最近), since then/ ever since二、现在完成时的构成 （一）肯定式 主语助动词have has 过去分词其它 1）Ive just copied all the new words. 我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)2）She has lost her books. 她丢失了她的书。 （表示到目前为止还没有找到）3）Weve just cleaned the classroom. 我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的） （二）否定式 主语助动词have hasnot过去分词其它 说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have has后面加not就行。have not, has not的缩略式分别为havent , hasnt。1）I havent finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成我的作业。 2）She hasnt travelled on a train. 她没有坐火车旅行过。 3）We have never spoken to a foreigner. 我们从来没有和外国人说过话。 （三）一般疑问式 助动词Have Has 主语过去分词其它?肯定回答用“Yes, 主语havehas否定回答用“No, 主语haventhasnt”有时也可以用“No, not yetNo , never”等。1）Have you ever made dumplings? 你曾经做过饺子吗? Yes , I have.是的，我做过。 2）Has she ever been abroad? 她曾经出过国吗?No, never. 不，从来没有。 3）Have they found the lost books yet? 他们已经找到了丢失的书吗?Yes ，they have是的，他们找到了。三、现在完成时的用法(一) 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经）, yet（还、已经）, just(刚刚、仅仅) , ever（曾经）, never（从不）, before（以前）等连用。这几个副词的用法如下： 1already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例： 1）Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。 （“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。） 2）Ive washed my clothes already我已经洗了衣服。 （洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。） 注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例： 3）Have you met him already?你（真的）已经见过他了?2yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例： 1）Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗? No, not yet不，还没有。 2）The woman hasnt found her dog yet. 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响） 3just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： He has just come back from school 他刚从学校回来。 4ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： 1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong? 你曾去过香港吗? 2）I havent ever spoken to her. 我未曾和她说过话。 5never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： I have never travelled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 6before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例： 1）Have you been to Hainan before? 你以前去过海南吗? 2）I havent eaten Guangdong food before我以前没吃过广东菜。 (二) 持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去某一时间开始并持续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。此时常与“for 一段时间或“since过去的时间点或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及how long(多久)等时间状语连用。 1）Ive lived here since 2000. = Ive lived here since 15 years ago. = Ive lived here for 15years. = It is 15years since I began to live here. 2）I havent seen him for three years.= I havent seen him since three years ago = It is 3 years since I saw him last time. 3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city. 4）Shes been at this school since five years ago 注意：在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计)或since（自从到现在）引出的时间状语连用。 对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long 1） 他入团两年了。 误：He has joined the League for two years 正：He has been a League member for two years 2）我买这辆自行车三年了。 误：I have bought this bike for three years 正：I have had this bike for three years 部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词： fall asleepbe asleep finish(end) be over come backbe backbeginstartbe on openbe open buyhavediebe dead marry/get marriedbe married become- be reach/arrive/get/come (to)be(in/at) closebe closed catch(a cold) have(a cold)joinbe inbe a go/leavemove+be away (from) borrowkeepjoin the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the League/the Party/the Army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.(三) has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :已去(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father? He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆在（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.巩固练习一、用since和for填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 19995._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 8._ an hour ago9. _ we were children 10. _ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.二、单项选择1.-Jack, I havent seen your brother for a long time. -He _ Shanghai on business for two months. A. went to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been to 2.How clean the bedroom is!Yes, I am sure that someone _ it.A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned3.What a beautiful watch! Is it new?No, I have _ it for 2 years.A. had B. sold C. borrowed D. bought4. Jack and Susan _ each other since they were children, so nobody was surprised to hear that they were married. A. knew B. had known C. have known D. were known5. -How about seeing the film with me? -Sorry. I _ it twice.A. am seeing B will see C. seeD. have seen6. Although this village isnt big, all the other villages I_ so far are smaller. A. visited B. have visited C. would visit D. visit7. -_ have you studied in this school? -Since five years ago. A. How soon B. How long C. How many D. How often8. Can you give me some information about Paris? -Sorry, I_ to Paris, so I know nothing about it. A. dont travel B. wont travel C. havent traveled D. hadnt traveled 9.Kelly, how long_ you _in this school? -For three years. Ill graduate in July. A. have; studied B. do; study C. will; study D. had; studied 10. My friend Li Xiao knows my hometown very well because he _there many times with me. A. has been B. has gone C. had gone D. went 11.I _cleaning my bedroom. Its clean now. Wow. When _you _it? A. have finished, did, finish B. finished, have, finished B. C. finish, do, finish D. have finished, have, finished 12. In the past few years there _ great changes in my hometown. A. have been B. were C. had been D. are 13. -Why are you still here? Its almost eight oclock. - Because I _ my work. Dont worry. Its almost done. A wasnt finishing B wouldnt finish C havent finished D wont finish 14.Have you _ read the poem If? Yes. I really enjoy it. A. still B. ever C. yet D. never 15. How long have you _? For three days. A. got a headache B. fallen ill C. caught a cold D. had a cough 16. Hello! This is Henry Speaking. Id like to speak to your father. Sorry, he has Shanghai. A. been in B. been to C. gone to D. come to 17. I have _ decided where to go, but my sister hasnt decided _ .A. yet; yet B. already; already C. already; yet D. yet; already18.-How long have you _ this book? - For three days. A. borrowed B. kept C. lent D. bought 19.- What are you going to do this Sunday? - I _ yet. A. wont decide B. didnt decide C. havent decided D. dont decide20.-Hi, I _ you for a long time. -I _ in Beijing. Ive just come back. A. hadnt seen; am B. havent seen; shall be C. didnt see; will be D. havent seen; was21. Have you read a book called Jane Eyre? Who_ it ?A. writes B. has written C. was writing D. wrote22.-I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for holiday. -Oh, how nice! Do you know he _ .A. left B. has left C. leaves D. was leaving三、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .(write)2. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .(know)3. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .(study)4. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice .(see)5. -These farmers have been to the United States .-Really ? When _ they _there ?(go)6. -Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .(become)7. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .(begin)8. Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .(go)9. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”10. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”11. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.12. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.13. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.14. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.(w