探秘中餐菜名官方英文翻译：中餐礼仪有讲究m.doc

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袀膆膀薂肆肂腿蚅衿羈艿螇 探秘中餐菜名官方英文翻译：中餐礼仪有讲究丸子是“四个欢乐的肉球”，驴打滚儿成了“一头翻滚的毛驴”，夫妻肺片被翻译成“丈夫和妻子的肺切片”老外们看到这里估计已经拍桌而起 了。中餐文化博大精深，可惜美食未有“美名”，传到外国友人那儿时常弄出令人啼笑皆非的效果。近日，北京市外办出版了美食译苑中文菜单英文译法为 2158种中餐菜式正名，让我们一起看看这些菜的新英文名，以及名字从何而来吧！一、官方译名的翻译原则中餐菜单的翻译涉及内容颇多。不仅要考虑菜品的原料、烹饪方法，还要照顾到人名、地名和一些特有品名的叫法。北京市外办公布的官方菜单译名中，对中文菜单的英译都采用了什么样的翻译原则呢？以主料为主，配料或配汁为辅的翻译原则1. 菜肴的主料和配料 主料(名称/形状)+ with + 配料 如：松仁香菇 chinese mushrooms with pine nuts2. 菜肴的主料和配汁 主料 + with / in + 汤汁(sauce) 如：冰梅凉瓜 bitter melon in plum sauce以烹制方法为主，原料为辅的翻译原则1. 菜肴的做法和主料 做法(动词过去分词)+ 主料(名称/形状) 如：拌双耳 tossed black and white fungus2. 菜肴的做法、主料和配料 做法(动词过去分词) + 主料(名称/形状)+ 配料 如：豌豆辣牛肉 sauted spicy beef and green peas3. 菜肴的做法、主料和汤汁 做法(动词过去分词) + 主料(名称/形状)+ with / in + 汤汁 如：川北凉粉 tossed clear noodles with chili sauce以形状、口感为主，原料为辅的翻译原则1. 菜肴形状或口感以及主配料形状/口感 + 主料 如：玉兔馒头 rabbit-shaped mantou2. 菜肴的做法、形状或口感、做法以及主配料做法(动词过去分词)+ 形状/口感 + 主料 + 配料 如： 小炒黑山羊 sauted sliced lamb with pepper and parsley以人名、地名为主，原料为辅的翻译原则1. 菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料人名(地名)+ 主料 如： 麻婆豆腐 mapo tofu (sauted tofu in hot and spicy sauce)2. 介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、主配料及做法做法(动词过去式)+ 主辅料 + 人名/地名 + style 如： 四川辣子鸡 spicy chicken, sichuan style体现中国餐饮文化，使用汉语拼音命名或音译的翻译原则1. 具有中国特色且被外国人接受的传统食品，本着推广汉语及中国餐饮文化的原则，使用汉语拼音。 如：饺子 jiaozi2. 具有中国特色且已被国外主要英文字典收录的，使用汉语方言拼写或音译拼写的菜名，仍保留其 原拼写方式。如： 豆腐 tofu3. 中文菜肴名称无法体现其做法及主配料的，使用汉语拼音，并在后标注英文注释。 如：佛跳墙 fotiaoqiang ( steamed abalone with sharks fin and fish maw in broth )可数名词单复数使用原则菜单中的可数名词基本使用复数，但在整道菜中只有一件或太细碎无法数清的用单数。如：蔬菜面 noodles with vegetables介词in和with在汤汁、配料中的用法1. 如主料是浸在汤汁或配料中时，使用in连接。 如：豉汁牛仔骨 steamed beef ribs in black bean sauce2. 如汤汁或蘸料和主料是分开的，或是后浇在主菜上的，则用with连接。 如：泡椒鸭丝 shredded duck with pickled peppers酒类的译法原则进口酒类的英文名称仍使用其原文，国产酒类以其注册的英文为准，如果酒类本身没有英文名称 的，则使用其中文名称的汉语二、中餐中的“八大菜系”翻译中国各地不同的地理气候、资源物产，以及由 此形成的饮食习惯，造就了各具特色的地方菜系， 有“四大风味”、“八大菜系”之说。从小吃到大餐，中国各地名吃举不胜举，千 滋百味的名馔佳肴折射出中国深厚的饮食文化传统 和个性鲜明的地域文化。鲁菜 lu cuisine (shandong cuisine)鲁菜是中国影响最大、流传最广 的菜系之一。鲁是山东省的简称，山东 是中国古文化发祥地之一，地处黄河下 游，气候温和，境内山川纵横，河湖交 错，沃野千里，物产丰富。其粮食产量 目前居中国第三位，蔬菜种类多，品质 优良，是中国重要的蔬菜产地。川菜 chuan cuisine (sichuan cuisine)川菜是一种发展较早的风味菜系， 其发源地孕育了中国古代的巴蜀文化。 据中国古籍记载，早在两千多年前，当 地就已有卤水、岩盐、川椒、姜等调味 品，在当地发掘的出土文物中，可见各 种青铜和陶质食具，足见其烹饪技术形 成之早。粤菜 yue cuisine (guangdong cuisine)粤菜即广东地方风味菜，主要由广州、 潮州、东江三种风味组成，以广州风味为代 表，具有独特的南国风味，以选料珍奇、配料 精巧、依食客喜好灵活烹制而著称。粤菜发源 于中国南部沿海地区，那里地处亚热带，濒临 南海，四季常青，物产丰富，山珍海味无所不 有，蔬果时鲜四季不同。同时，这里又是与海 外通商的重要口岸，经济较发达也促进了饮食 文化的发展。闽菜 min cuisine (fujian cuisine)闽菜是福建菜的简称，起源于福 建省闽侯县，以福州、泉州、厦门等地 菜肴为代表发展起来。由于福建的地理 形势倚山傍海，北部多山，南部面海， 山区盛产菇、笋、银耳、莲子和石鳞、 河鳗、甲鱼等山珍野味。漫长的浅海滩 涂，盛产多种海鲜，因此，闽菜多以海 鲜为原料烹制各式菜肴。其特点是色调 美观，滋味清鲜。苏菜 su cuisine (jiangsu cuisine)苏菜即江苏地方风味。江苏地处长江下 游，有淮河流经，水系发达，交通便利，经济 富庶，时蔬河鲜物种全，饮食资源丰富，俗称 “鱼米之乡”，自古就是名厨荟萃之地。中国 第一位典籍留名的职业厨师和第一座以厨师姓 氏命名的城市均出自江苏，一些特制菜肴流传 久远，曾长期供奉封建王朝帝皇享用。浙菜 zhe cuisine (zhejiang cuisine)浙菜即浙江菜。浙江东临大海，有 著名的舟山渔场，海产丰盛，中部为盆 地，盛产蔬菜和稻米，闻名中外的金华 火腿、杭州龙井茶、绍兴老酒，都是烹 饪中不可缺少的上乘原料。湘菜 xiang cuisine (hunan cuisine)湘菜即湖南菜。湖南地处长江中游 南部，气候温和，雨量充沛，土质肥沃， 优越的自然条件和富饶的物产为湘菜在 选料方面提供了物质条件。徽菜 hui cuisine (anhui cuisine)徽菜即安徽风味，一百年前曾蜚 声全中国，据说当年的徽菜馆排场相 当大，一色的红木家具透着富甲一方的 豪气。但在现代餐饮业的激烈竞争中， 徽菜却悄然没落了，如果不是到黄山旅 游，外地人已很难品尝到正宗的徽菜。三、中餐菜式的新英文名1. 凉菜白切鸡 boiled chicken slices (served with soy sauce, ginger sauce or ginger and scallion sauce)拌豆腐丝 shredded tofu拌黑木耳 black fungus in sauce拌茄泥 mashed eggplant拌香椿苗 chinese toon in sauce拌野菜 assorted wild herbs in sauce拌猪头肉 pigs head meat in sauce川北凉粉 tossed clear noodles with chili sauce大拉皮 tossed clear noodles with sauce德州扒鸡 braised chicken, dezhou style夫妻肺片 sliced beef and ox tongue in chili sauce桂花糯米藕 steamed lotus root stuffed with glutinous rice红油百叶 beef tripe in chili oil琥珀核桃 honeyed walnuts家常皮冻 home-made pork skin aspic酱牛肉 beef in brown sauce老醋泡花生 peanuts in vinegar凉拌黄瓜 shredded cucumber with sauce凉拌金针菇 needle mushroom with sauce卤水鹅掌 marinated goose webs卤水拼盘 marinated assorted meat泡椒凤爪 chicken feet with pickled peppers皮蛋豆腐 tofu with preserved eggs酸辣蕨根粉 spicy fern root noodles in vinegar糖蒜 pickled sweet garlic等等。2. 猪肉类板栗红烧肉 braised pork with chestnuts爆炒双脆 sauted duck gizzard and pork tripe豉汁蒸排骨 steamed spare ribs in black bean sauce东坡方肉 dongpo cubed pork东坡肘子 dongpo pig knuckle干豆角回锅肉 sauted twice-cooked pork with dried beans红烧狮子头 braised pork ball in brown sauce滑溜里脊片 stir-fried sliced pork tenderloin回锅肉片 twice-cooked pork slices火爆腰花 sauted pig kidney尖椒炒肥肠 sauted pork intestines with hot pepper尖椒里脊丝 stir-fried shredded pork tenderloin with hot pepper京酱肉丝 sauted shredded pork in sweet bean sauce腊肉炒香干 sauted preserved pork with dried tofu slices溜丸子 sauted pork balls with brown sauce萝卜干腊肉 sauted cured pork with pickled turnip蚂蚁上树 sauted vermicelli with spicy minced pork毛家红烧肉 braised pork, maos family style米粉扣肉 steamed sliced pork belly coated with flour木须肉 muxu pork (sauted sliced pork, eggs and black fungus)青椒肉丝 sauted shredded pork with green pepper青豌豆肉丁 sauted diced pork with green peas砂锅排骨土豆 stewed spare ribs and potatoes in casserole四喜丸子 braised pork balls in gravy酸豆角肉沫 sauted pickled beans with minced pork糖醋里脊 sweet and sour pork tenderloin糖醋排骨 sweet and sour spare ribs鱼香肉丝 yuxiang shredded pork (sauted in spicy garlic sauce)炸肉茄合 deep-fried eggplant with pork stuffing猪肉炖粉条 braised pork with vermicelli等等。3. 牛肉类白灵菇牛柳 sauted beef fillet with mushroom彩椒牛柳 sauted beef fillet with bell peppers菜心扒牛肉 grilled beef with the heart of green vegetable豉油牛肉 steamed beef in black bean sauce番茄炖牛腩 stewed beef brisket with tomato干煸牛肉丝 sauted shredded beef with chinese pepper锅仔萝卜牛腩 stewed beef brisket with radish in casserole杭椒牛柳 sauted beef fillet with green pepper黑椒牛柳 sauted beef tenderloin with black pepper黑椒牛仔骨 beef ribs with black pepper芥兰扒牛柳 sauted beef tenderloin with chinese broccoli牛腩煲 stewed beef brisket in casserole牛肉炖土豆 stewed beef with potatoes水煮牛肉 sliced beef in chili oil铁板牛肉 beef steak served on sizzling iron plate香芋烩牛肉 braised beef with taro孜然烤牛肉 grilled beef with cumin等等。4. 羊肉类拆烤羊腿肉 roast lamb leg葱爆羊肉 stir-fried sliced lamb with scallion红焖羊肉 braised lamb with soy sauce红烧羊肉 braised lamb in brown sauce烤全羊 roast whole lamb烤羊里脊 roast lamb tenderloin蒙古手抓肉 boiled lamb, mongolian style清炖羊肉 stewed lamb in clear soup涮羊肉 hot pot, mongolian style铁板孜然羊肉 lamb with cumin served on sizzling iron plate小炒黑山羊 stir-fried sliced black goat meat羊宝 sheeps testicle羊蝎子 lamb spine, hotpot style等等。5. 禽蛋类板栗焖仔鸡 stewed chicken with chestnuts北京烤鸭 roast duck, beijing style菜甫肉碎煎蛋 pan-fried eggs with minced pork and vegetables茶香鸡 tea flavored chicken虫草炖老鸭 stewed duck with aweto虫草炖乌鸡 stewed black-boned chicken with aweto葱花炒鸡蛋 scrambled eggs with diced scallion脆皮鸡 crispy chicken脆皮乳鸽 crispy pigeonneau蛋酥樟茶鸭 smoked duck with egg crust道口烧鸡 roast chicken, daokou style芙蓉鸡片 sauted sliced chicken in egg white干锅手撕鸡 griddle hand-shredded chicken宫保鸡丁 kung pao chicken骨肉相连串 chicken kebabs广州文昌鸡 sliced chicken with chicken livers and ham花旗参炖竹丝鸡 stewed tender chicken with ginseng烩鸭四宝 braised four delicacies of duck煎蛋 omelet叫化鸡 beggers chicken烤鸡 roast chicken可乐凤中翼 braised chicken wings in coke口水鸡 steamed chicken with chili sauce卤蛋 marinated egg in soy sauce啤酒鸡 stewed chicken in beer汽锅鸡翅 stewed chicken wings in boiler三杯鸡 stewed chicken with ginger and wine in casserole沙茶鸡煲 braised chicken with satay sauce in casserole四川辣子鸡 spicy chicken, sichuan style酥香鹌鹑 crispy quail咸鸭蛋 salted duck egg香椿煎蛋 fried eggs with chopped chinese toon leaves等等。6. 其它肉类馋嘴蛙 sauted bullfrog in chili sauce红烧家兔 braised rabbit with soy sauce山城血旺 sauted eel with duck blood curd等等。7. 菇菌类干锅茶树菇 griddled tea plant mushrooms红烧白灵菇 braised mushrooms with soy sauce烩滑籽菇 braised mushrooms鸡油牛肝菌 braised boletus in chicken oil山菌时蔬钵 mushroom and vegetable soup油焖香菇 stewed chinese mushrooms等等。8. 海鲜类白玉蒸扇贝 steamed scallops with tofu白灼花枝片 boiled sliced cuttlefish白灼虾 boiled prawns百合虾球 sauted prawn with lily bulbs避风塘焗鱼云 braised fish head, fishermens style草鱼(干烧/清蒸/水煮/酸菜) grass carp (dry-braised / steamed / boiled in hot chili oil / sauted with pickled cabbage)豉油王蒸鲈鱼 steamed perch with black bean sauce豉汁炒大蚬 sauted clam with black bean sauce豉汁炒青口 sauted mussel with black bean sauce川汁烧白鳝 stewed eel in gravy, sichuan style串串辣子虾 shrimp kebab with spicy sauce醋溜蟹 sauted crabs with sour sauce大扇贝(蒜茸粉丝蒸/豆豉蒸/ 剁椒芋丝蒸) scallops(steamed with garlic and vermicelli/steamed with black bean sauce/steamed with chopped chili pepper and chinese yam)豆瓣全鱼 whole fish dressed with spicy bean sauce豆豉虾球 fried prawn with black bean sauce沸腾鱼 boiled fish in chili oil佛跳墙 fotiaoqiang (steamed abalone with shark fin and fish maw in broth)干锅香辣虾 griddled spicy crab干烧桂鱼 dry-braised mandarin fish桂鱼(清蒸/油浸/松子炸) mandarin fish (steamed/boiled in chili oil/fried with pine nuts)红烧带鱼 braised hairtail with soy sauce红烧甲鱼 braised turtle with soy sauce家乡鳝鱼 home-style eel家乡小炒皇 home-style squid, shrimps and vegetables椒盐大虾球 prawn with spiced salt烤鲶鱼 roast fresh catfish老醋蛰头 jellyfish with black vinegar清蒸甲鱼 steamed turtle水煮鱼 poached fish in chili oil松鼠桂鱼 sweet and sour mandarin fish酸汤鱼 fish in sour soup香辣蟹 sauted crab in hot and spicy sauce油焖大虾 braised prawns等等。9. 蔬菜类白灼时蔬 sauted seasonal vegetable with cream sauce板栗娃娃菜 sauted baby cabbage with chestnuts炒时蔬 sauted seasonal vegetable醋溜豆芽 sauted bean sprouts with vinegar大拌菜 mixed vegetables地三鲜 sauted potato, green pepper and eggplant豆豉鲮鱼油麦菜 sauted leaf lettuce and diced fish with black bean sauce剁椒炒鸡蛋 scrambled egg with chopped chili pepper干煸扁豆 fried green beans with chinese pepper虎皮尖椒 pan-seared green chili pepper黄金玉米 sauted sweet corn with salted egg yolk火爆圆白菜 stir-fried cabbage浓汤娃娃菜 braised baby cabbage in broth清炒/蒜茸各式时蔬 sauted seasonal vegetables with/without mashed garlic上汤浸时蔬 braised seasonal vegetable in broth蒜蓉豆苗 sauted pea sprouts with mashed garlic西红柿炒蛋 scrambled eggs with tomato鱼香茄子煲 yuxiang eggplant in casserole (sauted with spicy garlic sauce)等等。10. 豆腐类脆皮豆腐 pan-fried tofu鸡血豆腐 stewed tofu with chicken blood curd家常豆腐 home-made sauted tofu麻婆豆腐 mapo tofu (sauted tofu in hot and spicy sauce)西蜀豆花 braised tofu with peanuts and pickles蟹黄烧豆腐 fried tofu with crab roe等等。11. 主食和小吃艾窝窝 aiwowo (steamed rice cakes with sweet stuffing)八宝饭 eight delicacies rice拔丝苹果 apple in hot toffee拔丝山药 chinese yam in hot toffee北京炒肝 stewed pig liver, beijing style北京鸡汤馄饨 wonton in chicken soup, beijing style北京炸酱面 noodles with soy bean paste, beijing style冰糖葫芦 bingtanghulu /crispy sugar-coated fruit (haws, yam, etc。) on a stick菜脯叉烧肠粉 steamed rice rolls with pickled vegetables and bbq pork叉烧包 baozi stuffed with bbq pork叉烧酥 bbq pork pastry炒河粉 stir-fried rice noodles炒面 stir-fried noodles with vegetables春菇烧麦 mushroom shaomai葱油拌面 noodles in scallion, oil and soy sauce葱油饼 baked scallion pancake脆皮春卷 crispy spring rolls脆炸芋头糕 deep-fried taro cake担担面 noodles in chili sauce, sichuan style蛋挞 egg tart豆腐脑儿 tofu pudding豆浆 soy beverage豆沙包 baozi stuffed with red bean paste豆汁儿 douzhir (fermented soybean milk)干炒牛河 stir-fried rice noodles with beef疙瘩汤 dough drop and assorted vegetable soup桂花酒酿圆子 glutinous rice balls and osmanthus in fermented rice wine锅贴 guotie (pan-fried dumplings)荷叶饼 lotus-leaf-shaped pancake红烧牛腩米粉 rice noodles with braised beef brisket红油抄手 wonton soup in hot and spicy sauce火烧 baked wheat cake酱油炒饭 stir-fried rice in soy sauce锦绣糯米鸡 steamed chicken stuffed with glutinous rice韭菜盒子 chinese chives pancake烤红薯 roast sweet potato拉面 hand-pulled noodle soup醪