形容词和副词.docx

113年8月17日 星期六 北京时间:下午 04:22首 页英语百花园英语语法英语试题趣味英语启航论坛网友留言返回主站形容词和副词（2）副词及其基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：1） 在动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们应该能非常清楚地看见我们前方的灯光。 b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well. 他英语说的很好。二、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully. 请写慢点和仔细点。3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I dont know him well enough. 我太不了解他。 There is enough food for everyone to eat. 有足够的食物够每个人吃的。 There is food enough for everyone to eat. 有足够的食物够每个人吃。7 兼有两种形式的副词1) close与closelyclose意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地 He is sitting close to me. 他靠近我坐着。 Watch him closely. 仔细地打量他。2)late 与lately late意思是晚； lately 意思是最近 You have come too late. 你已经来的太迟了。 What have you been doing lately? 最近你都干了些什么？3)deep与deeply deep意思是深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. 他把棍子推进深泥里。 Even father was deeply moved by the film. 连父亲都被电影深深感动。4)high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. 飞机飞向高出。 I think highly of your opinion. 我深深地考虑你的意见。5)wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是广泛地，在许多地方 He opened the door wide. 他把门敞开。 English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛地应用。6)free与freelyfree的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. 在我的餐馆里你可以免费享用任何你想吃的。 You may speak freely; say what you like. 你可以自由言论，说任何你想说的话。副词分句在英语三种分句中，副词分句种类最多，用途最广。就其功用或意义说，副词分句可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步、地点、目的、结果、方式、比较等。时间副词分句由从属连词 when, since, before, after, while, as soon as 等引导。例如： Give me a call when you are free. Jim had done his homework before he went to class. As soon as the speaker entered the auditorium, the audience clapped.原因副词分句由从属连词 because, since, as 等引导。例如： Helen got the job because she was the most suitable candidate. As he was tired, he went to bed early.条件副词分句由从属连词 if, unless 等引导。例如： If you try hard, you are sure to improve. We will leave as planned unless we are informed otherwise.让步副词分句由从属连词 though, although 等引导。例如： Though David was not well, he came to work as usual. I enjoy walking although I do not go out as much as I used to.地点副词分句由从属连词 where, wherever 等引导。例如： Where there is oppression, there is resistance. In todays world, you can go wherever you want.目的副词分句由从属连词 so that, in order that 等引导。例如： Please speak louder, so that all can hear you. The students work hard in order that they can pass.结果副词分句由从属连词 so.that, such.that 等引导。例如： The weather is so hot that I dont like to go out of doors. China is such a large country that it takes time to make it a fully developed nation.方式副词分句由从属连词 as, just as.so 等引导。例如： We will do as we are told. Just as men sow, so will they reap.比较副词分句由从属连词 as, than 等引导。例如： Dick is as smart as you (are). We know you better than he does.这里有几点要注意。第一、当副词分句在句首出现时，要用逗号和主句隔开。第二、习惯上，先出现的分句的主语要用名词，后出现的用代词，如： Before John went out, he locked the door.第三、有些副词分句可以在句首，就最好把它们放在句首，主句在后。这样可以使人更注意主句中的内容，达到较好的传讯效益。例如： a. Tom was absent as he was ill. b. As Tom was ill, he was absent. a. The boys ran home when it rained. b. When it rained, the boys ran home. a. You will do well if you surge ahead. b. If you surge ahead, you will do well. a. Betty did not get the job though she was interviewed. b. Though Betty was interviewed, she did not get the job.8 形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法 原级 比较级 最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est tall(高的) taller tallestgreat(巨大的) greater greatest 以不发音的e结尾的单音词 nice(好的) nicer nicest large(大的) larger largest少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stable（有能力的) abler ablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big(大的) bigger biggest hot热的) hotter hottest以辅音字母+y，结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-esteasy(容易的) easier easiestbusy(忙的) busier busiest 少数以-er，-ow 结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-estclever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。 important(重要的)more important most important easily(容易地) more easily most easily 2) 不规则变化 原级 比较级最高级 good(好的)/betterbestwell(健康的) bad (坏的)/ worse worstill(有病的)old (老的)older/elderoldest/eldest much/many(多的) more mostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest 9 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他不能跑的像你那样快。2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is. 这是一个好的例子就像另一个一样好。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 我可以般动像你一样般动的纸。3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间有两个那个房间大。Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的房间一样大。4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ then + ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥有那座桥三倍长。This bridge is three times the length of that one. 这座桥在长度上有那座桥的三倍。Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间有我的房间的两倍大。Your room is twice the size of mine. 你的房间面积有我的房间两倍大。10 比较级形容词或副词 + than You are taller than me. 你比我高。 The lights in your room are as bright as those in mine. 你房间的灯光比我房间的灯光亮。注意：1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. 他比他的兄弟要聪明的多。 (对) He is clever than his brother. 他比他的兄弟要聪明。2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia. 在亚洲中国比任何一个国家都大。3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 上海的人口比北京的人口要多。 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 作计划要比实现它要容易。4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.11 可修饰比较级的词1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite goodD. quite better答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.more much答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier time答案：D。12 many,old 和 far1) 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词many more +可数名词复数2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。My elder brother is an engineer. 我的哥哥是个工程师。Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. MARY是姊妹三个中年长的一个。3) far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。 在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。I have nothing further to say. 我没有什么进一步要说的了。13 the + 最高级 + 比较范围1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉是世界上最大的一个沙漠。 形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。It is a most important problem. 这是一个非常重要的问题。 =It is a very important problem. 这是一个非常重要的问题。注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. TOM是他兄弟三个中最高的一个。*为什么最高级形容词前面没有定冠词Now the sun is closest to being straight above us.此时太阳离我们最近，就在我们头顶上。closest 虽然是最高级，但在这种情况下，前面通常可以省略the，因为太阳能并没有与其它星球比较哪个离我们最近，而是就太阳本身而言，也其它时间相比，太阳离我们最近。又譬如：I am busiest on Mondays.我星期一最忙。The library is quietest at this hour.这个时候图书馆最安静。句中的我和图书馆都是和自身比较，在某个时候最.，因此定冠词可以省略。2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent. 非洲是第二大洲。3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. MIKE在班级里是最聪明的一个。 Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class. 在班级里MIKE要比别的学生聪明些。4) 否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so as结构表示最高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this. 没有什么比这个容易。=Nothing is easier than this. 没有什么比这个更容易。=This is the easiest thing. 这是一个最容易的事情。14 和more有关的词组1) the more the more越就越 The harder you w