外研版高中英语必修2第二模块语言知识.doc

5Module2 Book2Learning Notes(共12项)词语诠释 一、Addict1-person who is unable to stop taking drugs , alcohol离不开麻醉药、酒等的人；有瘾的人。如：a drug addict 有毒瘾之人。an opium addict 吸食鸦片者。a heroin addict吸食海洛因是瘾的人。2-person who is strongly interested in sth对某事物 有强烈兴趣的人。如：She is addicted to TV soap operas 她嗜好看连续剧。常用词组：be addicted to - be given up to 嗜好；沉溺于。如：I want to write about people you seldom read about , for example people who have aids or who are addicted to drugs . 我要报道那些你们很少了解到的人，例如艾滋病患者或染上了素瘾的人。3.addiction n. 沉溺；癖好。如：heroine addiction 海洛因毒瘾。overcome ones addiction to alcohol 克制酒瘾。4. addictive adj. 使人上瘾的。如：addictive drugs 使人上瘾的麻醉药物。Coffee is addictive in a mild way咖啡能使人稍微上瘾。二、Causen. 1. 原因;起因CU(+of)What was the cause of the accident? 造成这一事故的原因是什么?2. 理由,根据;动机U(+for)+to-v You have no cause to complain. 你没有理由抱怨。3. 目标,理想,事业CWorld peace is a cause we should all work for. 争取世界和平是一项我们都应该为之而努力的事业。vt. 1. 导致,使发生,引起O1O2What caused him to quit his job? 是什么原因使他辞职的? Im afraid Im causing you much trouble. 我怕给你增添很多麻烦。三、Relate1意为讲（故事等）；叙述（事实、奇遇等）。其后跟名词或从句。如：He related to his wife some amusing stories about his employer.他对太太述说有关他雇主的一些趣事。He related just how the accident had occurred.他讲述了事故发生的经过。2意为把.联系起来。与to或with搭配。如：It is difficult to relate to these results with/to any known cases.这些结果很难与任何已知的原因相关联。We cant relate the phenomena with anything we knew.我们不能把这些现象跟我们知道的任何事情联系起来。3.用于习语：(1)be related (to).意为和.有联系；和.有关、（与.）有亲戚关系。如：The Dutch language is closely related to German.荷兰语与德语有紧密联系。I am not related to him in any way.我和他无任何亲戚关系。4. relate to.意为和.有关,和.相处得好；和.合得来。如：She is a girl who notices nothing except what relates to herself.她是个只注意与她有关的事的女孩。She doesnt relate very well to her mother.她和她的母亲相处得很不好。5. strange to relate.意为说来奇怪。如：Strange to relate, he once shot a lion. 说来奇怪，他曾经射死一头狮子。四、OfferOffer 作动词：1. offer有(主动)拿给,给予的意思,相当于give, 后可接名词或代词作宾语,也可接双宾语,即offer sb sth =offer sth to sb, 如:The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus. 那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那个老人。Many people willingly offered their blood. 很多人自愿献血。No food was offered at the party.聚会时没有提供食品。2. offer作提出、表示解。如:Johnson offered a new suggestion. 约翰逊提出了一个新建议。We all went to offer congratulations. 我们都前去表示祝贺。The boss in the company came personally to offer us apologies. 那个公司的老板亲自来向我们道歉。The president offered no comment on the question. 总统对这个问题未作评论。3. offer后接不定式,表示主动提出做某事。如:He offered to drive us to the airport, but we preferred to walk there. 他主动提出送我们去机场,但我们宁愿走路去。She offered to lend me her bike. 她提出将自行车借给我。The boy offered to pay for the desk he had broken.那男孩主动提出赔偿被他弄坏的桌子。4. offer还有出售、出价的意思。 offer sth for (money) 以多少钱出售某物He offered this bike for 600 yuan. 这辆自行车他要价600元。The next morning we offered our boat for only 6 dollars.第二天上午我们仅以6美元出售我们的船。 offer sb (money) for sth / to buy sth 出价多少购买某物We offered him 10,000 yuan for his house. 我们愿出一万元钱来购买他的房子。They offered him 3,000 yuan to buy the laptop.他们愿出3,000元来买他的笔记本电脑。 offer作名词:1. offer表示愿做某事或给予某物(后接of / to do sth) Thank you for your kind offer of helping me. = Thank you for your kind offer to help me. 谢谢你提供的帮助。Practise making offers and requests.练习提供帮助和请求。2. offer有出价的意思。如:Ive had an offer of $8888 for that house.有人向我出价8888 美元买那房子。They made me an offer of ten thousand yuan for my motorbike.= They offered me ten thousand yuan for my motorbike. =They offered to buy my motorbike for ten thousand yuan. 他们肯出一万元买我的摩托车。五、recognisevt. 1.认识；认得；辨认出：例句：I recognize you now. You are Marys husband. 我现在认出你来了，你是玛丽的丈夫。You have changed so much that I can hardly recognize you.你的变化太大了，我简直认不出来了。2.察觉；意识到：例句：He has not recognized the seriousness of the present situation.他还没有意识到目前形势的严重。3.认可；承认：例句：The United States recognized the Peoples Republic of China at last.美国最终承认了中华人民共和国。Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未经登记手续的婚姻。4.赏识；表彰：例句：The company recognized Mr. Browns outstanding work by promoting him to chief accountant.公司提升布朗先生为总会计师以表彰他出色的工作。5.向 打招呼；致意：例句：He recognized us with a wave. 他挥手向我们致意。六、forbid,ban,prohibit的用法区别：ban，forbid，prohibit都含有一定的“禁止”之意ban n.vt.“禁止,禁令”(=formal prohibition),指合法地或由于社会压力而禁止,含谴责或不赞成的态度,通常搭配形式:ban .from sth./doing sth.forbid vt.“禁止,不许”,普通用语,比prohibit通俗,用于较小事物,或个人、上级、官方、长辈做出的禁止命令、规定,或客观条件不允许,通常搭配形式:forbid sb. to do hibit vt.“禁止,不准”(=forbid by authority),指通过法律、法令、警告等作出禁止命令的正式规定或规则,通常搭配形式:prohibit sb. from sth/doing sth.The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children.法律禁止烟草商卖给儿童香烟。 She had been strictly forbidden to drink beer.严禁她喝啤酒。 Bicycles are banned from the new motor way. 自行车禁止通行于新建的快车道。 短语聚焦七、Die of相关短语: 1.die of.死于内因,如:自身疾病,饥饱,感情,年老等。 2.die from.死于外部原因,如:伤,病痛,事由等。例: The worker died of an illness /a disease /hunger /grief/old age.那工人死于一种疾病/饥饿/悲痛/年老。 That soldier died from the deadly wound/crash/being struck.那位战士死于致命伤/坠机/被打。 3.Die down不及物词组。指炉火,骚动,闹声等因势头或力量逐渐减小而渐息。 4.Die away不及物词组。指风,声音等因逐渐远去而逐渐消失。例:The big fire gradually died down.大火逐渐熄灭了。(火势渐小) His footsteps died away in the darkness.他的脚步声在黑暗中渐渐远去。 5.Die off不及物词组。指动植物先后死去,一一死去/枯萎。 6.Die out不及物词组。指风俗习惯、方言渐渐消失,团体组织逐渐消亡;物种绝灭。例:Many old traditions are dying out.许多旧习俗日渐消失。 With the death of the fifth earl, this old family had died out.随着第五伯爵之死,这个古老的家族就绝后了。 After the Mid-autumn Day, the leaves of many plants die off quickly.中秋节过后,许多植物的叶子很快就凋落了。1.After she closed the door, the loud noises . A. died out B. died away C. died off D. died down 2.Although the wind has ,the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat. A. turned up B. gone back C. died down D. blown out 3.The worker overwork. A. died of B. died from C. die out D. die away 4.Many old customs are . A. dying off B. dying out C. dying down D. dying away 5.Elephants would soon if men are allowed to shoot as many as they wish. A. die off B. die out C. die away D .die down 答案:BCBBB 八、Break 相关短语：break out 逃出,突然发生，爆发 break through突破 break down损坏，分解，瓦解 break up中止，结束,打碎，折断 break into闯入, 破门而入 break off断绝，结束 break in闯入,打断，插嘴 break the record打破纪录 break the rule不遵守规则 break the rules违反规定 break away from打破,脱离,挣脱,改掉 break / obey the law 违（守）法 break into pieces (使)成为碎片 break ones word失信，食言 break the ice打破沉默 break a connection断绝联系 break away v.突然离开,脱离,放弃,(运动中)反攻为守 九、belong to属于，是的成员，是的组成部分，是的属性、职能等。 All the goods here belong to the school.这儿所有的物品都属于学校。 Who does this garden belong to?这花园是谁的? What family does this bird belong to?这鸟属于哪一科?He belongs to the Communist Party. 他是共产党员。 It does not seem to belong to you to dictate to your workmates. 你似乎不该对你的同事发号施令。十、Give 相关短语give away捐赠, 让掉, 分发, 分送；泄露(机密), 暴露(自己的情况) give back还给, 归还；恢复(健康等) give on/upon 俯瞰, 对着 give over to移交给, 移作之用 give place to / give way to让位给, 转而成为 give a talk 作报告，作演讲 give birth to 生，产生 give in 让步，屈服，妥协，投降，交上来 give off （散）发出 give ones life 献出自己的生命 give sb a hand 帮某人忙 give ones regards(greetings) to向问好 give out 散发，分发；用完；耗尽；体力不支give up sth/ doing sth. 放弃，交出，投降 give up； give in； give out 辨析句型再现十一、Whatever 用于引导让步状语从句Wha