2013高考英语二轮阅读理解精选(05)外研版.doc

2013高考英语二轮阅读理解精选（05）及答案A(浙江卷，A)One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. Thats when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Rensult Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.Ceelys near_miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device (导航仪). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train，” she told the BBC.Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceelys story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And its not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.The problem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A mapmaker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesnt say.Its a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computerbased locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe its also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.本文是议论文。讨论了人与现代科技的关系。1What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?AShe was not familiar with the road.BIt was dark and raining heavily then.CThe railway workers failed to give the signal.DHer GPS device didnt tell her about the crossing.答案：D。细节理解题。根据文中所述“Ceely was relying on her GPS. But it made no mention of the crossing.I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train，she told the BBC.”可知，Ceely行驶中完全依赖导航仪， 显然Ceely认为出事故的原因是导航仪对于十字路口没有任何提示造成的。2The phrase “near miss” (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by _.Aclose hit Bheavy lossCnarrow espace Dbig mistake答案：C。词义猜测题。根据上下文不难看出，在此near miss与narrow escape同义，意为“侥幸逃生”。3Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?AModern technology is what we cant live without.BDigital technology often falls short of our expectation.CDigital devices are more reliable than they used to be.DGPS error is not the only cause for Ceelys accident.答案：B。推理判断题。A现代技术是我们的生活必备；B数字技术常常出乎的我们的意料；C数字仪器比以前更可靠了；D导航仪的失误不是Ceely出事故的唯一原因。根据Rick Stevenson 所说We put our faith in digital devices, he says，but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job.不难看出，Rick Stevenson认为我们信赖的数字仪器常常不能胜任它的工作，显然B项正确。4In the writers opinion，Stevensons argument is _.Aonesided BreasonableCpuzzling Dwellbased答案：A。观点态度判断题。onesided片面的；偏于一方的 ；reasonable合情合理的；puzzling令人困惑的；wellbased有事实依据的。在第四段中作者发表自己的观点，并且说But Stevenson doesnt say，显然A项正确。5What is the real concern of the writer of this article?AThe major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.BThe relationship between humans and technology.CThe shortcomings of digital devices we use.DThe human unawareness of technical problems.答案：B。主旨大意题。A交通事故和车辆盗窃事故的主要原因；B人类和技术的关系；C我们所用数字仪器的弊端；D人类没有意识到技术问题。通读全文可以看出B项正确。B(江西卷，C)The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (18501928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed “the Garden City”， almost certainly the source of Howards name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing_on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.The nineteenthcentury poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression(萧条)and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howards idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howards idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside, far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limitHoward suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide range of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.本文是一篇记叙文，记叙了Ebenezer Howard在偏僻的农村发明了花园城市。在花园城市里，有公共空间、林荫大道、各种工作和服务设施。6How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities?AThrough his observation of the country life.BThrough the combination of different ideas.CBy taking other peoples advice.DBy using the nickname of the reconstructed chicago.答案：D。细节理解题。根据第一段的“In those days，it was nicknamed the Garden City，almost certainly the source of Howards name for his later building plan of towns.”可知D项正确。7The underlined phrase “drawing on” in Paragraph 1 probably means _.Amaking use of Bmaking comments on Cgiving an explanation of Dgiving a description of 答案：A。词义猜测题。此处指霍华德利用了当时很受欢迎的一些观点，创造出了设计的完美结合。make use of 利用；make comments on 对做出评论；give an explanation of 给出的解释；give a description of 给出的描述。8According to Howard, garden cities should be built _.Aas far as possible from existing cities Bin the countryside where the land was cheapCin the countryside where agriculture was developed Dnear cities where employment opportunities already existed答案：B。细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“.to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside, far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price”可知，花园城市是建在土地便宜的农村。9What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph?ATheir number would continue to rise.BEach one would continue to become larger.CPeople would live and work in the same place.DEach one would contain a certain type of business.答案：A。推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知，建好一个花园城市后在不远处再建一个，经过一段时间之后，将会有大量的花园城市群，故A项正确；花园城市有人数限制，故B项错误；建立许多花园城市，故人们不会都在一起生活和工作；每个花园城市都提供很大范围的工作和服务，故D项错误。10What could be the best title for the passage?ACity and CountrysideBThe Invention of the Garden CityCA New City in ChicagoDA Famorus Garden City in England答案：B。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文讲的是花园城市的发明过程，故选B项。C(广东卷，D) In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources. Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for lowcarbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and highspeed trains.In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the globalmarkets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油)，which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest.In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one. The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries. 文章讲了在过去的十年中传统的商业模式严重地危害了地球的资源和人们的生存环境。面对严峻的形势，世人开始探索可持续发展的生产方式。并且特别强调了中国在探索可持续发展能源和生产方式方面做出的卓越努力。11The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that _.A. it makes the world warmerB. it consumes natural resourcesC. it brings severe damage to forestsD. it makes growth hard to continue答案：B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)way.”可知在过去的几十年里森林在消失，地球变暖，自然资源变得短缺，难以继续发展。所以B项应该排除。12What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. China lacks wind and solar energy.B. China is the leader of the lowcarbon market.C. Highspeed trains are a lowcarbon development.D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.答案：C。推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，中国政府在低碳生活方面作出的一些努力，如大力开发风能和太阳能等洁净能源、推行电动汽车、高速火车等。由此可推知，高速火车应属于低碳型的交通工具。13To full develop the lowcarbon markets, government can _.A. cut public expensesB. forbid carbon emissionC. develop public resourcesD. encourage energy conservation答案：D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“First.Besides.Finally.”我们可知政府正在设立高的标准减少碳的排放，节约和再利用资源，进行能源保护。所以D项正确。14We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to_.A. develop sustainable productsB. explore new natural resourcesC. make full use of natural resourcesD. deal with the major challenge答案：A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.”可知利用有限的资源来满足日益增长的人口的需要并不是一件易事，但它为可持续性产业(的发展)提供丰富的新的机遇。所以A项正确。15What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce a new business model.B. To compare two business models.C. To predict a change of the global market.D. To advocate sustainable development.答案：D。推理判断题。根据第一段的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed ，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways.”和第二段的“Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries.”以及最后一段的“.it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.”可知本文的目的是积极地倡导可持续性发展。所以D项正确。D(江苏卷，D)Shay and his father had walked past a park where some boys Shay knew were playing baseball. Shay asked, “Do you think theyll let me play？” Shays father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a muchneeded sense of belonging and some confidence.Shays father approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play, not expecting much. The boy looked around and said, “Were losing by six runs(分)and the game is in the eighth inning (局)I guess he can be on our team and well try to put him in to bat in the final inning.”Shay struggled over to the teams bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in his heart. The boys saw the fathers joy at his son being accepted.In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shays team scored a few runs but was still behind by three. In the top of the final inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the field. Even though no hits came his way, he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field. In the bottom of the final inning, Shays team scored again. Now, Shay was scheduled to be next at bat. Would they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game?Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat. Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible. The first pitch (投) came and Shay missed. The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay. As the pitch came in, Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.The pitcher could have easily thrown the ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game.Instead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates. The audience and the players from both teams started screaming，“Shay, run to first！”Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base, wideeyed and shocked.Everyone shouted, “Run to second！” Catching his breath, Shay awkwardly ran towards second.By the time Shay rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team，who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time，could have thrown the ball to the second baseman, but he understood the pitchers intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third basemans head.All were screaming，“Shay，Shay，Shay，all the way Shay.” Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted, “Shay, run to third.” As Shay rounded third, all were on their feet, crying，“Shay, run home！”Shay ran to home, stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team.That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of true love and humanity into this world. Shay didnt make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!这是一篇关于爱心的具有教育意义的故事。在父亲的鼓励和同伴们的帮助下，智力和身体都有缺陷的Shay参加了一场棒球比赛并成为了“英雄”。他们共同完成了一个爱的故事。16Not expecting much, Shays father still asked the boy if Shay could play, mainly because the father_.A. noticed some of the boys on the field were hesitatingB. guessed his presence would affect the boys decisionC. lea