英语单项知识的解与练习(109).docx

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（109）541. debt的用法debt债务、欠款。例句：If I pay all mydebtsIll have no money. 我若还请所有欠债就分文不剩了。We owe you adebtof gratitude for you help.承蒙帮助，感恩不尽。The company is deep indebt.这家公司正负债累累。Well run intodebtif you spend more than our income.要是你花的比我们挣的还多，我们就要欠债了。短语：get/ run into debt = in debt 负债；in debt to somebody/ in somebodys debt欠某人的债、受某人的恩惠；(get) out of debt 还清债务(以上三者debt前不用限定词)；owe a debt to somebody欠某人的债；concern about debts对债务的忧虑；free from debt不欠债；the amount of debts负债总额；apply to the payment of debts用于付债；clear of debt还清债；in debt for欠数目的债；in debt to欠某人的债；in sbs debt欠某人的人情；keep out of debt不欠债；under heavy debt债台高筑；用法：debt可指具体意义上的欠他人的钱财或物品,用作可数名词,也可指抽象的“负债的状况”或欠他人的“人情”,此时只用于单数形式。练习：After the merchants ships were all lost at sea, he was _. A. heavy in debt B. in heavy debts C. heavy in debts D. in heavy debt The merchant went out of business and he _ debt. A. got into B. ran into C. was in D. all the aboveThe man bought a big house in the city, so he was _ his relatives. A. in debt to B. in the debt to C. in a debt to D. in debt of_ of blood must be paid in blood. A. Debt B. Debts C. The debt D. The debts542. decorate的用法decorate装饰、修饰。decoration装饰、装潢；例句：Wedecoratedthe house for Christmas.我们装饰房屋过圣诞节。My mother likes todecoraterooms.我妈妈非常喜欢装饰房间。Ill bring some balloons todecorate.我要带些气球去装饰装饰。May I help youdecoratethe room?我可以帮你装饰布置房间吗？Its necessary todecoratethe classroom.有必要装修这间教室。短语：The hall is decorated with red flags 礼堂里悬挂着红旗；decorate with sth用某物装饰；festival decorations节日的装饰物；decorate after按照装饰；decorate after the traditional style按照传统风格装饰；decorate for因而颁奖；decorate in the traditional style按照传统风格装饰；decorate with flags以旗帜装饰；用法：decorate是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。decorate的宾语后接for，动词宾语指人，介词宾语指事，表示“因某事授予勋章”。如： The general decorated four soldiers for bravery.decorate的宾语后接with，两者宾语均指物，表示“用某物装饰某物”。如： We decorated the hall with flags.练习：In the western countries, people like to decorate their houses _ holly _ Christmas. A. with; in B. with; on C. with; at D. about; at All the streets were _ with flags to welcome the Chinese delegation. A. furnished B. decorated C. supplied D. provided This room is partly _ with a few old armchairs. A. provided B. decorated C. beautified D. furnishedThe student _ their classroom _ some flowers and flags now. A. are decorating, with B. decorate, with C. will decorate, with D. decorated, in543. decrease的用法decrease n.减少, 减少之量;v.减少;例句：They are making further efforts todecreasemilitary spending.他们正在做进一步的努力来减少军费开支。His interest in this subject graduallydecreases.他对这门学科的兴趣逐渐减退。The new treatment led to a hugedecreasein the number of deaths.新的疗法使死亡率急剧减少。There has been a steadydecreasein population in this city.这个城市的人口在持续下降。短语： be on the decrease 在减少；decrease to 50 减少到五十；decrease by减少了；increase to/by .增加到/了; on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加; decrease in production生产下降；decrease by 3 times减少三倍；decrease by 5 tons减少五吨；decrease by ten percent减少百分之十；decrease in number数目减少；比较：decrease“缩短、减少、减小”，指速度、体积的减小和数量、价值等的减少；reduce“减少、降低”，指物体在大小、外观上的减少和价格的降低。练习：(1). 单项填空：There is no denying the fact that as one grows older ones memory _. A. refuses B. declines C. decreases D. fallsGiving up smoking _ the risk of heart disease, so youd better follow the doctors advice and _ smoking as soon as possible. A. increases; kick B. reduces; give up C. reduces; get rid of D. decrease; give in The number of new students decreased _ 500 _ 300 this year. A. between; and B. both; and C. from; to D. by; toThe workers in that factory are _ the decrease. A. by B. to C. from D. on(2). 完成句子：这些措施将有助于降低生产成本。_ will help _ the cost of production.人口出生率正在下降。The birthrate is _ . 544. explode 的用法explode vt.使爆炸；vi.爆炸, 爆发, 破除, 推翻, 激发；例句：The bomb was timed toexplodeduring the rush-hour.炸弹选在人最多时爆炸。When the boilerexplodedmany people were injured.因锅炉爆炸，许多人受了伤。The childrenexplodedthree firecrackers.孩子们燃放了三个爆竹Several scientific myths wereexplodedby Galileos observations.科学上的几种荒诞说法因伽利略的观测而被推翻。短语：explode in爆发出；explode into爆发出；explode into laughter哄然大笑；explode with因(愤怒等)而发作；explode the boiler使锅炉爆炸；explode a bomb爆炸了一颗炸弹；explode firecrackers放爆竹；explode the first atom bomb爆炸了第一颗原子弹；explode the gunpowder引爆火药；explode superstitions破除迷信；用法：explode可作不及物动词,也可作及物动词。用作及物动词作“爆炸”解时宾语可为油箱、炸弹、火药、爆竹、锅炉等名词,作“推翻”“破除”解时宾语多为理论、信念等抽象名词。explode后接with，有时接in或into，表示“爆发出”。如：Father exploded with anger/ into laughter when he saw my report card.练习：Many Europeans _ the continent of Africa in the 19th century. A. exploded B. explored C. exposed D. expandedAs a commander, you should not _ the soldiers to unnecessary danger.A.express B.explode C.exploit D.exposeIm afraid to _ my thoughts and feelings to anyone. A. explode B. endure C. expose D. castAll of us still remember the terrible earthquake that _ Tangshan twenty years ago. A. attacked B. struck C. knocked D. explodedWhen the audience heard the funny story, they _ with laughter. A. excitedB. burst intoC. explodedD. explained545. exploit 的用法exploit vt.开拓, 开发, 开采, 剥削, 用以自肥；v.使用；例句：The capitalistsexploitthe workers in order to maximize profits.资本家剥削工人是为了使利润最大化。You mustexploitall your spare time to learn English.你必须利用一切空闲时间来学习英语。Great men are remembered for their notableexploits.伟人们因其丰功伟绩而被世人铭记。The daringexploitsof the soldiers were much admired.战士们的英勇行为令人赞叹不已。短语：be exploited as expendable(s)成了牺牲品；be exploited by受的剥削；be exploited for为开采；be exploited to the full得到充分利用；be exploited with用方法来剥削；listen to sbs exploits听某人的事迹；perform exploit作出业绩；sing sbs exploits歌颂某人的功绩；用法：exploit是及物动词,其后常接名词或代词作宾语。作动词，宾语可指人，也可指事物，宾语后接for，表示“因而剥削或开发”。如：The company exploited its workers