铁路高职英语学习指南.doc

铁 路 高 职 英 语学 习 指 南 Part One：New Practice English 第一部分：新编实用英语学习指南 Part Two：Practical Railway traffic English第二部分：实用铁路交通英语学习指南 Part Three：Practical English Test for Colleges 第三部分：高等学校英语应用能力考试指导一、学习目的和任务铁路高职英语课程是我院铁路专业学生的必修公共基础课，不仅要帮助学生打好语言基础，更要注重培养学生实际应用语言的技能，特别是用英语处理与未来铁路各岗位相关业务的能力。铁路高职英语课程以工作交流为目标, 以应用为目的,培养学生实际应用英语的能力，特别是听说能力，使学生能在日常活动和与未来铁路工作相关的业务活动中进行一般的口头和书面交流；同时掌握有效的学习方法，增强自主学习能力，提高综合文化素养；为提升就业竞争力及今后的可持续发展打下良好的基础。第一部分学习目的是巩固和规范英语基础知识，掌握、运用涉及日常生活中的衣食住行、通讯、游览、购物、求医、求职等话题的英语交流技能，并密切联系铁路各专业实际进行理解、渗透；第二部分重点学习目的是掌握铁路客运、货运、机车、电信、工程部门可能用到的英语知识和技能，教会学生运用所学英语来面对社会生活和未来岗位工作需要，培养锻炼在实际工作岗位实际应用英语的能力，及继续学习能力。第三部分，通过学习、训练参加高等学校英语应用能力考试，检验能力水平。二、学习能力目标1、总体目标： 巩固掌握英语基础知识和技能，具有一定的铁路专业英语听、说、读、写能力，在日常活动和铁路工作情境下中进行简单的英语口头交流，为今后进一步提高英语交际、应用能力打下基础。 2、具体目标：1)能听懂日常和铁路业务活动中使用的结构简单、发音清楚、普通语速的英语对话和不太复杂的陈述，理解基本正确。2)能用英语进行一般交际和社会活动交流，并能在日常和铁路工作中进行简单的交流。3）能阅读中等难度、一般题材的简短英文资料，理解正确，在英文资料阅读中保证速度，能读懂简短的科技材料。4)能就一般性题材写出简洁的命题作文；能填写和模拟套写简短的英语应用文，如填写货运表格与单证、仿写、套写简历、通知、信函等，词句基本正确，无重大语法错误，格式恰当，表达清楚。三、知识目标第一部分重点掌握课文中的语言点及“高等学校英语应用能力考试”大纲A级所要求的词汇。第二部分重点掌握铁路业务相关对话及资料翻译。四、素质目标1、学会英语语言知识和在铁路工作中的应用方法，适应岗位需要。2、掌握运用外语交际的能力及与人沟通的能力，提高综合素质。五、课程基本要求坚持学用结合、学用一致的原则，要求掌握3000以上词汇，复习巩固语音语法、词汇知识，扩展简单句、并列句和基本复合句句法，注重听、说、读、写、译基本技能的训练，在日常交际、铁路业务与办公、求学求职、购物游览、查询处理信息等方面词汇量最低达到3500，把日常交流和语言基本功训练与铁路实际应用结合起来，能够听懂和口头、书面表达上述相关话题内容，突出综合应用能力。六、课程学习方法前两部分的教材情境真实，对话典型，趣味性和可模拟性比较强，所选用的语言材料和工作场景符合实际交际与应用需要，所以要求同学们：1. 认真阅读学习指导书，了解学习目的、任务和要求，设定学习目标，按照记忆规律制定背单词计划，科学安排和保证学习时间。2. 反复朗读课文，听读录音和参看光盘，吃透教材、强化记忆，从模拟套用句型、段落入手，结合生活、工作实际，练习扩展和举一反三。3. 学习指南编写由浅入深，基础部分是字词解析，其后句子阅读以应用文体为主，同学们可根据个人实际情况逐渐加大口语练习量，循序渐进适应各种话题，形成面对和解决、处理综合复杂问题的反应能力。4. 认真完成第三部分模拟练习再核对答案、阅读解析指导，在学习和完成习题过程中遇到问题，可查阅词典、相互讨论，也可通过电话和网络方式与教师取得联系，获得辅导和答疑帮助。5. 提倡小组合作学习，同学们自愿组合，互相检查背诵课文及习题的正确率，分析存在的问题，共同进步。七、选用教材及参考书本课程选用教材为孔庆炎 刘鸿章主编的“十一五”国家级规划教材-高等教育出版社新编实用英语（第二版）1-2册，与魏宏主编的、北京交大和清华大学出版社实用铁路交通英语。教材侧重提高新编实用英语（第二版）通用词汇表的词汇覆盖率，加强句子和语篇水平的操练。推荐参考书目：配套新编实用英语（第二版）教师用书第12册，新编实用英语（第二版）学学 练练 考考 第1-2册。第一部分：新编实用英语学习指南新编实用英语（第二版）第 一册学习指南 Unit 1 Greeting and Introducing People 问候和介绍学习重点：掌握英语问候与介绍的英语表达方法，学习社交礼仪，培养锻炼主动交往和自我推荐的能力。专业联系：未来铁路工作岗位的名称、工作业务等表达法A .Word Usage 1)formal a. - informal a.2)impress v. - impression n.3)introduce v. - introduction n.4)software n. - hardware n.5)electronics n. - electronic a.6)technical a. - technoligy n.7)organize v. - organization n.8)interpret v. - interpreterB. Learn Section I Talking Face to Face1. Explain how to write Business Cards. 单位名称 姓名地址 电话/传真号码 电子信箱2.Learn the dialogue Meeting People for the First TimeUseful Sentences1)Hello, nice to meet you.2)Glad to meet you, Mr. Green.3)How do you do? 4)How are you?5)Im fine, and you? 6)The pleasure is mine.3.Learn the dialogue Meeting People AgainUseful Sentences1)How are things going in your company?2)How are things with you?3)Havent seen you for ages.4)Hi, long time no see, Dick.5)How is your project going?6)How nice to meet you here!7)What a nice surprise!C. Learn Section II Being all ears1. Give students a few minutes to read through the printed materials fro each listening item.2. Listen to the tape for the first time without looking at the book.3. Play the tape for a second time with a pause after each sentence, and ask the students to take note of the key words.4. Play the tape for the third time, and ask students to simultaneously repeat the passage while they are listening.Do all the exercises in this section.D. Learn Section III Maintaining a sharp EyeLearn Passage I The Way Americans Greet1.The Way Americans GreetIn this title, in which is omitted after The Way, “in way” means ( to do sth) by means of a certain method.美国人的致意方式。I think the way she runs her bookshop is worth studying.2. “Glad to meet you. Im Miller. But call me Paul.Miller is the family name and Paul is the given name. Addressing others by their given name usually implies a sort of informal and friendly relationship.Hello, Im Smith, but call me Mike.3.In this way they can get better acquainted with you and have a topic for beginning a friendly conversation with you.And is used here to introduce a coordinate clause, which further develops the topic being discussed.这样他们便能更多地了解你，并由此为开端与你友好地侃一场。In this way you can improve your spoken English and do better in the job interview.4.Speaking of time, Ive got to run.谈到时间，我得赶紧走了。Speaking of English, Ive got to go to class.谈到英语，我得上课去了。E. Learn Passage II A Little about Me1.My hair is dark brown but there is not much hair left on the top of my head.Not too much here refers to the hair. The past participle phrase left on the top of my head is used to modify the pronoun much.我的头发是暗褐色的，但头顶上剩下的头发已不太多了。I have so much work to do in the lab. But there is little time left before the end of the year.2. I like to have everything under control, and I dont want any last-minute panic.Under control is a prepositional phrase used as complement. Last-minute is used here as a pre-modifier of panic.我喜欢使每件事都能有条不紊地进行，不愿意有任何最后关头的的匆忙与慌乱。She likes everything in its place, and she doesnt want anything in disorder.3.Even though I enjoy working very hard each day at the university, I still feel that my family is more important than anything else.1)Even though introduces a concessive clause. My family is more important than anything else is an object clause of the verb feel.虽然我喜欢每天在学校勤奋工作， 但我仍然感觉家庭比什么都更重要。2)Even though they enjoy the beautiful scenery in the port city, they still miss their hometown in the mountain.Unit 2 Giving Thanks and Expressing Regrets 致谢与道歉学习重点：掌握致谢、道歉的英语表达方法，相关礼节专业联系：结合铁路工作岗位业务规范，模拟接待与处理旅客的表扬与投诉 A. Word Usage1)recovery n. - recover v.2)beauty n.- beautiful adj.3) schedule n. - time table4)forgettable a.- unforgettable a.5)vocation n. - holiday n.6)vivid a. - vividly adv.7)instance n. - example n. (同义词)B. Learn Section I Talking face to face1. Explain how to write a gift card, a congratulation card.2.Learn the dialogue Thank you for the Beautiful FlowersUseful Sentences1) 1. Thank you very much for the roses.2) Im glad you like them.3) I hope you enjoy these flowers.4) You are always so thoughtful.5) Im happy/pleased you like the flowers.6) Thanks for your kind words. 7)I congratulate you on your wonderful result in the final examination. 3.Learn the dialogue Congratulations on the PromotionUseful Sentences1) Congratulations, Mr. Albright! Ive heard the good news that you were named this years Outstanding Manager.2)I feel really happy for you.3)I know you deserve this honor.4)Its very kind of you to say so.5)I owe my success to your kind help and support. How are things going in your company?C. Learn Section II Being all ears5. Give students a few minutes to read through the printed materials fro each listening item.6. Listen to the tape for the first time without looking at the book.7. Play the tape for a second time with a pause after each sentence, and ask the students to take note of the key words.8. Play the tape for the third time, and ask students to simultaneously repeat the passage while they are listening.Do all the exercises in this section.D. Learn Section III Maintaining a sharp EyeLearn Passage I Different Attitudes to Gift-Giving1.Different Attitudes to Gift-GivingSummarize the different attitudes held by Japanese and Americans towards gift-giving by completing the table below. 2. Peoples Attitudes to Gift-Giving may vary from country to country.vary from to: become to be differentThe food culture varies from country to country.饮食文化因国而异。3. However, at last in the typical Japanese style, it is not required to attach a thank-you note or card to the gift.然而，至少按典型的日本风格，礼品一般不需要附上谢条或卡片。attach to:Instructions are always attached to this kind of products.这种产品都附有说明书。E. Learn Passage II Thank-You Notes Are Heart-Warming1.I enjoy working with you very much.enjoy doing: getting pleasure from doing The little boy enjoyed playing football with his brother. 这个小男孩喜欢和哥哥踢足球。2.so that we may have the pleasure of seeing you in our home. have the pleasure of doing: do sth. with pleasureWe have the pleasure of attending your lecture on the futuredevelopment of computer science.我们很高兴参加您关于计算机科学未来发展的讲座。3.and my wife joins me in sending kindest reguards to yourfamily.join sb. in doing: do sth. together with sb.1)Id like to join you in offering my service to the disabled people.我想和你们一起为残疾人提供服。send/give kindest regards to sb.: give sb.s kindly thoughts and wishes to sb.; remember sb. to sb. 2)Please send my kindest regards to your parents.请代我问候你的父母。 Unit 3 Directions and Signs 问路与指路学习重点：掌握英语表达方位、路线的方法，交通标识，英美不同的描述方位、估算路程的语言习惯专业联系：结合铁路工作岗位特点，认读信号标识、模拟机车驾驶路况通报对话、铁道工程测量对话等 A .Word Usage middle 中间 center 中心 corner 拐角处 left 左 right 右 front 前 back 后 opposite side 对面B. Learn Section I Talking face to faceLead-in: asking directions1. Warm up question:If you dont know how to get to where you want to go, what might you do?(I might/could ask people for directions. I might/could ask a policeman for help. I might/could refer to a map. I might/could make a phone call to a friend to ask the way. I might/could follow the street signs.)2.Students speak out the words and expressions about the directions under the guidance of the teacher.1)Expressions indicating how to get to a place:Go along the street turn left/right walk for two blocks go across the street go straight on go to the next turning take Bus No.502 around the corner walk about 5 minutes go straight ahead walk back about a hundred meters or so turn left at the crossroads take the third turn to the right3.Student answer the following questions according to Sample 1: A Street Map.1)Where is Low Street?2)Where is church?3)Where is the car park?4)Where is the bus stop in Hall Street?5)If I want to go to the underground station in Law Street from the bush stop in the west, how would I get there?4.Students answer the following questions according to Sample 2: A Map of a building, the Fourth Floor.Where is Marys office?Where is the Marketing Department?What department is next to the Personnel Department?Where can I find the stairs/elevator?C. Sample dialogues:1.Warm-up questions:1)What do you think is the best way for people to get to work in a city with busy traffic? Give your reasons.2)Do you know how to ask for directions in a city in English?Students speak out the following sentences for asking the way under the guidance of the teacher.Excuse me, could you please tell me the way to the city center?3)Do you know how to give directions in a city?Students speak out the following sentences for giving directions in a city under the guidance of the teacher.Go straight a head about 10 minutes and youll see it on the left side.Go straight and then turn left at the first corner.4) Do you know how to ask for directions within a building? Students speak out the following sentences for giving directions within a building under the guidance of the teacher.Would you please tell me how I can find the Personnel Department?5) Do you know how to give directions within a building?Students speak out the following sentences for giving directions within a building under the guidance of the teacher.Take the elevator to the ninth floor.Just go along the corridor in the middle of the building and then turn left at the end.1. Student s read the sample dialogues and try to find out the useful sentences and expressions for talking about the means of transport by which people go to work and asking for and giving directions.2. Practice the dialogues in pairs.3. Work in pairs to tell each other how to get to their dormitory, classroom building, school library, etc. from the school gate.4. Students role-play the similar situations they create consulting the five small dialogues, first in groups, and then in front of the class.5. Students do Put-in-Use exercises in groups by reading out loud all the three dialogues they have completed.D. Learn Section II Being all ears1、Read through the printed materials fro each listening item.2、Listen to the tape for the first time without looking at the book.3、Play the tape for a second time with a pause after each sentence, and ask the students to take note of the key words.E. Learn Section III Maintaining a sharp EyeLearn Passage I: I hate Flying Read the passage with 3 questionsPart I: Paras.1-3What was unpleasant that happened to the narrator/storyteller before he boarded the plane?Part II: Paras.4-8Anything terrifying happened to him when he was on board?Part III: Para. 9What was embarrassing that was discovered after he got home?Language points:1) book a flight ticket: to order a plane(train) ticket in advancee.g. It is not easy to book a train ticket during the National Day holidays.2) sit next to sb: to sit beside sb.e.g. I was lucky to have been sitting next to the chairman of the committe that I wanted to have a talk with.3) in a calm voice: to speak calmlye.g. He was very nervous, but he answered all the questions in a calm voice.4) keep your seat belts(fastened): to have sth./sb. secured in a particular position/situatione.g Please keep the door opened.P;ease remember to let me informed.5) come in to land: to come back to land at the airporte.g. The pilot managed to make his plane come in to land safely with the engine smoking.F. Learn Passage II Id been Treated like a friend in need1. Questions:1. How do you interpret the proverb“a friend in need is a friend indeed”2. When you see anybody in need of help, what would you do?2. Read the passage with questions.1) What can we learn about the author from the first paragraph?2) What can we know from Paragraph2/What happened to the author when he took a boat trip from Shanghai to Qingdao?3) What happened to the author during his trip from Xiamen to Beijing?3. Language points:1)bridge the language and cultural differences: overcome the difficulties in languages and culturese.g. Lets work together to bridge the cultural differences between us. 2) draw quite a few looks: attract peoples attention e.g. The strange clothing worn by that young lady drew a lot of looks. 3) on the best terms: having a very good relationship e.g. He is an easy-going person so he has always been on the best terms with his colleagues. 4) board a plane: get on a plane e.g This is the final call for us to board the plane at Gate 5.5) to ones amazement: get on a plane e.g. To our amazement, he got the highest mark in the exam after he stayed in hospital for a month.6) burst into smiles and applause/tears: to smile and applause suddenly and enthusiasticallye.g The audience burst into applause after the speakers wonderful speech.7) be relieved: feel relaxede.g We were relieved after we finally finished the difficult experiment.G. Learn Section IV Applied Writing1. The teacher makes the following brief analysis of the format and the language used in signs.Signs are often used in public places to show the requirements for people, to give information or to attract peoples attention. Signs can be used for different purposes. For example, traffic signs give you important information about traffic rules, warn you about dangerous road conditions and help you find your way. The language on signs features the use of short words and phrases, supported by different symbols in various colors and shapes for easy identification. Some signs are written or printed in capital letters. 2.Identify the traffic signs:Dead End Road 死胡同 Enter Here 由此进入Keep In Lane 禁止越线3.Match Column A with Column B:Put Litter Here 只收现金Wet Paint 油漆未干Beware of Dog 出租No Business Today 大减价For Rent 小心狗咬Admittance Free 此处放垃圾Please Pay in Cash 免票入场Big Discount 今日不营业4.Sentence writing: Number of NounsHowever, uncountable nouns cannot be counted. This means they have only a singular form. It also means that they do not take a/an before them. F. Learn Section V. Having Some Fun My wife and I were stopped by a state policeman. He started to write up a speeding ticket. My wife, who is a hair stylist, said, If you let us off with a warning, Ill give you a free haircut for a year.The policeman removed his hat and he was completely bald.Unit 4 Timetables and Schedules 时刻表与日程安排学习重点：掌握谈论列车、民航交通工具时刻的英语表达法，行程描述。专业联系：铁路列车时刻表，换乘列车及其他客运服务对话。 A .Word Usage and Expressionsa. fail to do: be unsuccessful to doe.g. He failed to arrive on time because of the heavy snow.b. the same is true withe.g. Attitude plays an important role in study. The same is true with work. c. whats the use of: used to tell someone to stop worrying because worrying will not help / it is of no usee.g. Try not to get depressed. After all, whats the use of worrying?d. ahead of schedule：beforehand, in advancee.g. We expect the construction work to be completed ahead of schedule. e. apologize to sb. : say ones sorry to sb.e.g. She apologized to the manager for having to leave at 3:30 p.m6. f. cancele.g. The dinner appointment has been canceled. e.g. Mr. Smith has to cancel all his appointments because hes got something urgent to attend to. B. Section I Talking Face to FaceLead-in1. What are the advantages of making a schedule for your work?2. Do you know how to make and keep an appointment?a)Speak out making & keeping appoint