2014英语高考状语从句教学案.doc

状语从句(教案)练习、将下列句子译成英语，并判断属于那种状语从句。(1) 当他是个小孩是，他住在巴黎 While she was a child， she Lived in Paris.(2) 有志者，事竟成。Where there is a will, there is a way. (3). 他努力学习，以便成功。He studied hard so that he might succeed. (4)如果你不快点的话，你就赶不上火车。We will miss the train if you don t hurry.(5)她是如此漂亮的一个女孩以至于我们都喜欢她。 She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.(6)虽然他们穷，但他们经常帮助别人。Although/Though they are poor, they often help others.(7)你必须按我做的去做。You must do as I do.(8)他与我一样游得好。 He swims as well as I .(9) 因为他妈妈病了，所以没来上学。He didnt come to school today because his mother was ill.通过以上练习小结：一状语从句的定义：在句中作状语的从句是状语从句。二、功能：修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。三、特点：状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用四、状语从句的分类：1.时间状语从句 2.地点状语从句 3.原因状语从句 4.目的状语从句 5.结果状语从句 6.条件状语从句 7.方式状语从句 8. 比较状语从句 9. 让步状语从句四、各种状语从句的具体运用时间状语从句：1.表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有：when （当的时候）, while（当的时候）, as（当的时候）, once（一旦）as soon as（一就）, the time（当的时刻）, the moment（当的时刻）, by the time（到时候为止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次的时候), the last time(上次的时候)，immediately（一就）, instantly（一就）,directly（一就）以下关联词引起的句子中，前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时hardly /scarcelywhen（刚就）, no soonerthan（刚就） 汉译英：（1） Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。（2） While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有对比的意思）我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。（3） As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。（4）Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答复就给你打电话。(5) Once you see him, you will never forget him. 你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。(5) Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. 我们一到乡下就开始下雨了。= We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.(6) No sooner had he come home than she started complaining. 他一到家她就开始抱怨。= He had no sooner come home than she started complaining.(7) He made for the door directly he heard the knock. 他一听到敲门声就向门口走去。(8) She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一听到声音就冲进房间(9) He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。(10) He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。(11)He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他还没说完就有人起来反驳他的论点(12) She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门的声音把她惊醒。在when, as soon as ，once引导的时间状语从句中，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。如：4,5 题。as, when, while的区别：1.as有“一边一边”的意思，动作同时进行。2.“when”当 时候， 正在那时。(一般与非常续性动词连用)3.“while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生。用while引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程, while“而，可是，” 表示转折。练习、用as, when, while填空(1). He sang as he walked.(2). When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out.(3). I was sleeping when she came in. (4). When we arrived at the station, the train had left.(5). While we were having supper, all the lights went out.(6). Please keep quiet while others are studying.(7). While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV.(8) .I like English, while my brother likes Chinese.2. 表示先后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。主要连词有：after（在之后），before（在之前）汉译英：1.After the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons. 孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。2.He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。（主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时） 常用句型：It is/was/will be before 要过多久才It isnt/ wasnt/wont be before 没有过多久就练习：翻译下列句子(1) It will be another five days before we finish this task. 还要再过5天我们才能完成这个任务。(2) It was not long before I forgot it all. 我没有过多久就全忘了。(3) He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在汉语中的译义)（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）3. 表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。练习：翻译下列句子(1). Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候他们就来帮我们(2). Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。(3). Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。4.表示持续性或瞬间性主要连词有：since（自从）,ever since（自从）,until（直到才/为止,till（直到才/为止）常用句型: It is /wassince + 过去式（1）It is just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。(主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用ever since)（2）You have been reading to me ever since James went out. 自从James走后你一直在给我朗读。(ever 放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长)5.until与till及 notuntil / till的用法until和till都可表示“直到为止”，主句与与持续性动词的肯定式连用。如：He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我们吃完饭。当until和till表示“直到才”时，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时，until和till也可用before代替。如：I didnt leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。 until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。如：Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告诉我了我才知道。 当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序：Not until she came back did I leave. = I didnt leave until she came back. 在强调句型中一般用until，不用till。如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.二、地点状语从句地点状语从句是由where（在的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导的：翻译下列句子（1）Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。（2）Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。（3）Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。（4）He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。练习、用适当的词填空，并指出它们属于哪种从句。注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句 （1）You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）（2）Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）（3）I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句）（4）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）（5）This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）原因状语从句表示原因的状语从句可以由as（由于）,because(因为), since（既然）,now (that) (既然), for (由于)considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）等连词引导：翻译下列句子：（1）I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)（2）He couldnt have seen me because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。（3）Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会（4）Now that/Since you are all here, lets try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧（5）As she was ill, she didnt come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。（6）Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。（7）We cant go hiking , for it rained heavily. 我们不能去爬山，因为下大雨。because, as, for , since 的区别原因状语从句用because(因为)，since(既然), as(由于)引导1、 字母由多到少，语气由强到弱。2、 由why提问必须用because回答。 Since, as不回答why的提问，而且从句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后，且没有逗号。3、 because of +名词 Because of the rain, we did n t go to the park.4、 because 和so不可连用，只能选其一。（另有although, but）5、 for并列连词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间。For所提供的理由为一个补充说明， 而且前面常有逗号隔开。用because, as, for , since ，before of填空（1）Why didn t he come to school? Because he was ill.（2）Since I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死，我一定这样做。 (3)The days are short, for it is December now.(4) _ it is rainy, we cant go to the beach.(5). It was _it rained heavily that they didnt come.A. as B. because C. for D. since目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）,目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can, could, may, might, should连用翻译：（1）Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。（2）School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。（3）He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词should+动词原形，或省略should）（4） Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, sothat(如此以致),suchthat(如此以致)等。1. such that 的常用句型such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch +形容词+可数名词单数+thatSuch+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that注意so many (much, few, little) +名词，such a lot of (或lots of)+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。2. so+形容词或副词+thatso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that用so that, sothat, suchthat填空等。（1）We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。（2）The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。（3）Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much （4）Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very muchJenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。（5）I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块（6）He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。（7）I had so little money then that I couldnt afford a little present.我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起（8）It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.3.tooto, enoughto 可以引导结果状语从句与sothat 替换，sothat结构可以用tooto替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can(could) not.1. She is so young that she can t go to school.(用tooto改写句子) She is too young to go to school.2. He is tall enough to reach the picture on the wall(用sothat改写句子 He is so tall that he can reach the picture on the wall.条件状语从句表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）,unless（除非）, in case（万一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就而言）, on condition that（条件是）suppose（假设）supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。翻译：条件状语从句由if, unless, (so) as long as(只要)引导在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同）练习、用所给动词的适当形式或者表条件的连词填空填空（1）We will miss(miss) the train if you don t hurry.(2) He said we would miss the train if we didn t hurry.(not hurry)(3)You will fail the exam unless you study hard. (if you don t study hard)（4）He won t come unless he is invited. (if he isn t invited)（5）Eat less food unless you want to become fatter. (if you don t want to become better)（6）As long as you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed.（7）As long as you don t lose heart, you will succeed（succeed）.（5）As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个DNA专家。（6）Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。（7） Suppose/Supposing we cant get enough food, what shall we do?假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？7 方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as（与一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导：Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气）8 比较状语从句比较状语从句常由than（比）, as（与一样）等词引导：（1）It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing. 上海下的雨比北京的多。（2）Our country is as big as the whole of Europe. 我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大。（3）The result was not as/so good as I had expected. 结果不如我预料的那么好。常见句型：the +比较级，the +比较级The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越开心。9 让步状语从句让步状语从句由: (1)although（尽管）, though（尽管）: although, though although和though都表示“虽然”只是although 更正式，多用于句首，而though用于句中，二者都可与yet, still连用，但不与but连用(2) however（无论怎样）,whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）,whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where, when) （无论）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。even though = even if, however = no matter howwhatever = no matter what whoever = no matter whowhenever = no matter when wherever = no matter where(3) as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )（1）We wont be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。（2）It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。(though, although不能与 but连用)（3）Whether you believe it or not, its true.不管你信不信，这是真的。（4）No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks Im wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。注意：连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。（1） 形容词+ as + 主谓（2） 名词（可数名词单数不用冠词）+ as + 主谓（3） 动词原形+ as +主语+ 情态动词注意：while ( 一般用在句首 )Try _he might, he couldnt get out of difficulty.A. when B. where C. till D. as翻译下列句子（1）虽然他年轻，他懂得很多。Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he.（2）虽然他是一个小孩，他懂得很多。Child as he is, he knows a lot. (3) 虽然你可以尝试，他也不会成功。Try as you may, you wont succeed.（4）虽然他老了，他走的很快 While he is old, he walks very fast.10省略现象有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词be）省略掉。注意状语从句中从句的省略现象将下列句子改为省略句。1.连接词 + 过去分词（1）Dont speak until you are spoken to.Dont speak until spoken to.（2） Pressure can be increased when it is needed= Pressure can be increased when needed.=(3) Unless it is repaired, the washing machine is no use.Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use. 2. 连词 +现在分词(4) Look out for cars when you are crossing the street Look out for cars when crossing the street(=).过街时当心车辆。（3）连词 + 形容词/其他常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。(5)She hurriedly left the room as though/if she was /were angryShe hurriedly left the room as though /if angry (=她急匆匆地走出屋去，好象很生气的样子。(6) if it is possible, Id like to have two copies of itIf possible, Id like to have two copies if it 可能的话，我想要两本。1. I wont call you, _ something unexpected happens.（2007 全国卷I） A. unless B. whether C. because D. while2. We all know that, _, the situation will get worse.（2007 全国卷I） A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with3._ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. （2007 全国卷II） A. IfB. Since C. ThoughD. When4. Pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language. A. asB. thatC. which D. where5. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water _ they are not managed carefully. A. thoughB. beforeC. until D. if6. _ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive.（2007 山东卷）AAs BSince CIf DWhile 7. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. A. after B. before C. since D. when8. Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day（2007 北京卷）A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case9. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. （2007 福建卷）A.whenB.which C.that D.where10. You will be successful in the interview you have confidence. （2007 福建卷）A.beforeB.once C.until D.though11. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but _ they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest. （2007 湖南卷） A. why B. how C. unless D. where 12. He was told that it would be at least three more months _he could receover and return to work. （2007 江西卷） A.when B.before C.since D.that13. there is a snowstorm or some other bad wealther. her, the mail always comes on time.ABecause BIfCWhen DUnless14. tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. （2007 上海春）AHowever the weather is likeBHowever is the weather likeCWhatever is the weather likeDWhatever the weather is like15. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson. （A. until B. after C. since D. when 16. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it to be valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 17. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house _ there is a power out. A. ifB. unless C. in case D. so that18. We had to wait half an hour _ we had already booked a table. （2007 辽宁卷）A. since B. although C. until D. before19. Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go _ theres sun, sea and beach.A. as ifB. as long asC. now thatD. in order that20. A small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space for baggage.A. once B. because C. if D. unless21. Did you return Freds call? I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because22. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian get back.A. before B. since C. till D. after23.（08天津卷）. Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday _ it rains or its very cold. A. since B. if C. unless D. until24.(08上海卷) -Are you ready for Spain？ -Yes, I want the girls to experience that _ they are young.A. while B. until C. if D. before25.(08上海卷) _ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A. however B. whateverC. no matter D. although26.-Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you. -Ok, _ you make it short. A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time27. All the neighbor admire this family _the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that（08福建卷）28. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A. that B. which C. when D. where29. _ the Internet is of great help. I dont think its a good idea to spend too m