奥巴马演讲分析(英文).ppt

AnalysisofObama sspeech Rhetoricalsetting EpideicticOratoryEthos SincetheoratoristheAmericanpresidentofprestigeandknowshowtobeatrustworthyindividualbyexhibitingintellengence goodsense virtue andgoodwill thespeechappearstobemorepowerfulandconvincingthanacommonpeople saddress paragraphone We reheretomemorialize29Americans CarlAcord JasonAtkins ChristopherBell GregoryStevenBrock KennethAllanChapman RobertClark CharlesTimothyDavis CoryDavis MichaelLeeElswick WilliamI Griffith StevenHarrah EdwardDeanJones RichardK Lane WilliamRooseveltLynch NicholasDarrellMcCroskey JoeMarcum RonaldLeeMaynor JamesE Mooney AdamKeithMorgan RexL Mullins JoshuaS Napper HowardD Payne DillardEarlPersinger JoelR Price DewardScott GaryQuarles GroverDaleSkeens BennyWillingham AndRickyWorkman Analysis Inthispart thereisonlyonesentencewherespeakermakesalistofthenamesofvictims Accordingtothewaythatcallingtheirnamesonebyone thespeakershowsympathyandsadnesswhichcorrespondswiththefeelingsofaudience Undoubetedly thisdevicemakestherelationshipbetweenthespeakerandaudiencecloserimmediately Hence itispathosthatisusedherebyspeaker paragraphtwo nothingwesaycanfilltheholetheyleaveinyourhearts ortheabsencethattheyleaveinyourlives Analysis Asforfiguresofspeech thespeakerusesametopherinthesentence Theword hole actuallyimpliesthesadnessofpeople Undoubtedly thisdevicemakesthelanguagemorevividandconvictive Ifanycomfortcanbefound itcan perhaps befoundbyseekingthefaceofGod applause whoquietsourtroubledminds aGodwhomendsourbrokenhearts aGodwhoeasesourmourningsouls Analysis Asforstyle thespeakerusesaparallelisminthesentence whichenhancestheemotionofthespeakerandthepowerofthesentence Thereisnodoubtthattheparallelismindicateshowsadthepeopleiswhentheyloosetheseminers paragraphthree Evenaswemourn29liveslost wealsoremember29liveslived Analysis Asforfiguresofspeech thespeakerusesaoxymoroninthesentence Theword mourm isoppositetotheword remember andtheword lost isoppositetothewordtheword lived Inthesentence thespeakershowshowrespectabletheminersarealthoughtheypastaway paragraphfour Analysis Inthispart thespeakersatesthecontributionsthatminersmade accordingtofirst personpointofview Undoubtedly itmakestherelationshipbetweenspeakerandaudiencecloser Therefore pathosisusedhere Dayafterday theywouldburrowintothecoal thefruitsoftheirlabor whatsooftenwetakeforgranted theelectricitythatlightsupaconventioncenter thatlightsupourchurchorourhome ourschool ouroffice theenergythatpowersourcountry theenergythatpowerstheworld Paragraphfive Andmostdaysthey demergefromthedarkmine squintingatthelight Mostdays they demerge sweatyanddirtyanddustedfromcoal Mostdays they dcomehome Analysis Figuresofspeech itusesparallelismtoincreasethesenseofrhythmandrhymebeautyandemphasizetheminers hard Thisvividdescriptioncauseshumanemotions soitispathos Paragraphsix Someofthemhadalreadybeeninjured someofthemhadseenafriendgethurt Sotheyunderstoodtherewererisks Analysis Figuresofspeech Itusesanaphora 句首重复 tostrengthentheaudience simpressionontheminers From so weknowitisLogos Thesesentencesshowlogic Theyknewtheirkidswouldsayaprayeratnightbeforetheyleft Theyknewtheirwiveswouldwaitforacallwhentheirshiftendedsayingeverythingwasokay Theyknewtheirparentsfeltapangoffeareverytimeabreakingnewsalertcameon ortheradiocutin Analysis Figuresofspeech thispartusesparallelismtoincreasethesenseofrhythmandrhymebeautyandemphasizetherisksoftheminers work Italsohighlightstheminers greatnessandcausestheaudience emotion soitispathos Paragraphseven Allthathardwork allthathardship allthetimespentunderground itwasallforthefamilies Itwasallforyou Analysis Figuresofspeech thispartusesanaphoraandclimax Theformershowstheminers hardfortheirworkandstrengthentheaudience impression Thelatterdeepenstheaudience feelinggradually soitalsobelongtopathos Andsotheseminerslived astheydied inpursuitoftheAmericanDream Analysis Figuresofspeech itusesoxymoroninthispart Thespeakerwanttheaudiencepayattentiontoit Thentheyrememberthoseminers Paragrapheight theybecameafamilythemselves sharingbirthdays relaxingtogether watchingMountaineersfootballorbasketballtogether spendingdaysofftogether huntingorfishing Analysis Figuresofspeech itusesepistrophetoshowthelogic Italsoincreasethesenseofrhythmandrhymebeauty Thisparthighlightstheminers unity Theyloveddoingitasafamily Theyloveddoingitasacommunity Analysis Figuresofspeech Itusesanaphoratoincreasethesenseofrhythmandrhymebeauty Itusesclimaxbetween family and community toshowtheminers unity paragrhphnine It sthesong LeanonMe ananthemoffriendship butalsoananthemofcommunity ofcomingtogether Analysis theuseof anthem ismataphor whichshowsthesongwrittenbythecoalminer ssonisapraiseoffriendshipandunity From friendship to community whatthesongpraisesbecomedeeperanddeeper Herethespeakerusesclimaxtoenhancethedegree paragraph10 Thatcommunitywasrevealedforalltoseeintheminutes andhours anddaysafterthetragedy Analysis inthissentencethespeakerusesclimaxfromtheaspectoftimetoemphasizethelongperiodthecoalminers familiesguardtheirralativesandhelpeachother Rescuers riskingtheirownsafety scouringnarrowtunnelssaturatedwithmethaneandcarbonmonoxide hopingagainsthopetheymightfindasurvivor Friendskeepingporchlightsoninanightlyvigil hanginguphomemadesignsthatread Prayforourminers andtheirfamilies Neighborsconsolingeachother andsupportingeachotherandleaningononeanother Analysis theuseofpresentparticipleoftheseverbsisparallel whichemphasizsthehardshipofsearchingforthesurvivorsandendlesshopeandstrongsupportpeoplegivetoeachother paragraph11 Inthedaysthatfollowedthedisaster emailsandletterspouredintotheWhiteHouse Analysis thespeakeruses pourinto tostressthenumerousnumberofemailsandlettersinordertoshowtheconcernpeoplefromalloverthecountrygivetothecoalminersandtheirfamilies Heretheuseof pourinto ismetaphor Iamproudtobefromafamilyofminers Iamthesonofacoalminer Iamproudtobeacoalminer sdaughter Analysis herethespeakerpickssomewordsfromthosecoalminers relativesandthusspeaksinthepositionofthem Thismakestherelationshipbetweenthespeakerandtheaudiencesmuchcloser Hereanaphora 句首重复 isused Thesesentencesshowmanycoalminers relativesfeelproudofthem Theywerealwaysproud andtheyaskedmetokeepourminersinmythoughts inmyprayers Neverforget theysay minerskeepAmerica slightson Analysis theuseof my and our ispathos fromwhichthespeakerexpresseshissympathytogetherwiththeaudiencesforthedead andthusnatuallyenvokesthecommonfeelingswiththeaudience Andthenintheseletters theymakeasimpleplea Don tletthishappenagain Applause Dont tletthishappenagain Howcanwefailthem Howcananationthatreliesonitsminersnotdoeverythinginitspowertoprotectthem Howcanweletanyoneinthiscountryputtheirlivesatriskbysimplyshowinguptowork bysimplypursuingtheAmericanDream paragraph12 Intheverybeginningofthisparagraph theoratorused asimpleplea torefertotherequestortherepitionofbereavedfamilies Theunderstatementrhetoricaldevicealsoshowsasignofpathos whichputstheaudienceintheframeofmindthattheyaregenerousandconsiderateinfrontofsuchahugedisaster Thus thefollowingpleawinstheapplauseofpeople Thepetitionofthepleashowsthe sadnessandthehelplesscryofthepeople whichisanotherpathostoindicatethatthepresidentisreallysorryfortheirsadnessandstandsbytheirside Inthefollowingsentences wewon tmisstoseethattherearethreerhetoricalquestionsstartwith Howcan Theyaredeepself accusationsonbehalfofthegovernmentandthenation It salsoaPathos whichputsthewholecountrywiththebereavedfamiliestogether Theyalsousethedevicesofparallelismandrepititionbyvirtueof Howcan and bysimply toreinforcetheemotion paragraph13 Wecannotbringbackthe29menwelost TheyarewiththeLordnow Ourtask hereonEarth istosavelivesfrombeinglostinanothersuchtragedy todowhatmustdo individuallyandcollectively toassuresafeconditionsunderground applause totreatourminersliketheytreateachother likeafamily Applause BecauseweareallfamilyandweareallAmericans Applause Andwehavetoleanononeanother andlookoutforoneanother andloveoneanother andprayforoneanother Thereisaenthymemehereinthisparagraph Themajorpremiseisthefirsttwosentence whichdefinitivelydeclarethedeathofthe29coalminers Theconclusionmaybethattheseminerscannotjointhepeopletoimplementthe task Theminorpremise whichwasomitted maybethatthedeadminerscannolongerbeonEarthanddoanything Theparallelismstructureaboutthe task startswith todo andrevealsthatthegovernmenthasalreadyknowntheharmofdisasterandwasdeterminedtotakeappropriatemeasurestoprotectlivesandtoreducedisasteranddamage Thesearepromisesforallpeoplealive Therepititionof and and weare showasignofpathoswhichaimatunitingpeopletofacethisdisaster Therepititionof oneanother showsnotonlytheaimabovebutalsothewishthatpeopleshouldhelpeachother Alltheseweredonetocatertopeople semotionalappeal Itdefinitlyisauseofpathos paragraph14 There sapsalmthatcomestomindtoday apsalmthatcomestomind apsalmweoftenturntointimesofheartache EventhoughIwalkthroughthevalleyoftheshadowofdeath Iwillfearnoevil forYouarewithme yourrodandyourstaff theycomfortme Godblessourminers Applause Godblesst