岩土工程专业词汇.doc

1.geotechnicalengineering岩土工程2.foundationengineering基础工程3.soil,earth土4.soilmechanics土力学cyclicloading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基viscousdamping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量5.soildynamics土动力学6.stresspath应力路径7.numericalgeotechanics数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residualsoil残积土groundwaterlevel地下水位2.groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位3.clayminerals粘土矿物4.secondaryminerals次生矿物5.landslides滑坡6.boreholecolumnarsection钻孔柱状图7.engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravellysand砾砂12.coarsesand粗砂13.mediumsand中砂14.finesand细砂15.siltysand粉土16.clayeysoil粘性土17.clay粘土18.siltyclay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandysilt砂质粉土21.clayeysilt粘质粉土22.saturatedsoil饱和土23.unsaturatedsoil非饱和土24.fill(soil)填土25.overconsolidatedsoil超固结土26.normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固结土27.underconsolidatedsoil欠固结土28.zonalsoil区域性土29.softclay软粘土30.expansive(swelling)soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozensoil冻土三.土的基本物理力学性质1.cccompressionindex2.cuundrainedshearstrength3.cu/p0ratioofundrainedstrengthcutoeffectiveoverburdenstressp0(cu/p0)NC,(cu/p0)ocsubscriptsNCandOCdesignatednormallyconsolidatedandoverconsolidated,respectively4.cvanecohesivestrengthfromvanetest5.e0naturalvoidratio6.Ipplasticityindex7.K0coefficientof“at-rest”pressure,fortotalstresses1and28.K0domainforeffectivestresses1and29.K0nK0fornormallyconsolidatedstate10.K0uK0coefficientunderrapidcontinuousloading,simulatinginstantaneousloadingoranundrainedcondition11.K0dK0coefficientundercyclicloading(frequencylessthan1Hz),asapseudo-dynamictestforK0coefficient12.kh,kvpermeabilityinhorizontalandverticaldirections,respectively 13.Nblowcount,standardpenetrationtest14.OCRover-consolidationratio15.pcpreconsolidationpressure,fromoedemetertest16.p0effectiveoverburdenpressure17.psspecificconepenetrationresistance,fromstaticconetest18.quunconfinedcompressivestrength19.U,Umdegreeofconsolidation,subscriptmdenotesmeanvalueofaspecimen20.u,ub,umpore(water)pressure,subscriptsbandmdenotebottomofspecimenandmeanvalue,respectively21.w0wLwpnaturalwatercontent,liquidandplasticlimits,respectively22.1,2principalstresses,1and2denoteeffectiveprincipalstresses23.Atterberglimits阿太堡界限24.degreeofsaturation饱和度25.dryunitweight干重度26.moistunitweight湿重度27.saturatedunitweight饱和重度28.effectiveunitweight有效重度29.density密度30.compactness密实度31.maximumdrydensity最大干密度32.optimumwatercontent最优含水量33.threephasediagram三相图34.tri-phasesoil三相土35.soilfraction粒组36.sieveanalysis筛分37.hydrometeranalysis比重计分析38.uniformitycoefficient不均匀系数39.coefficientofgradation级配系数40.fine-grainedsoil(siltyandclayey)细粒土41.coarse-grainedsoil(gravellyandsandy)粗粒土42.Unifiedsoilclassificationsystem土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO=AmericanAssociationStateHighwayOfficials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=InternationalSocietyforSoilMechanicsandGeotechnicalEngineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会 四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcyslaw达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowingsoil流土4.sandboiling砂沸5.flownet流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepagepressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepageforce渗透力11.hydraulicgradient水力梯度12.coefficientofpermeability渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.softsoil软土2.(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effectivestress有效应力4.totalstress总应力5.fieldvaneshearstrength7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxialtest三轴试验9.foundationdesign基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearingcapacity承载力12.soilmass土体13.contactstress(pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentratedload集中荷载15.asemi-infiniteelasticsolid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.stripfooting条基19.squarespreadfooting方形独立基础20.underlyingsoil(stratum,strata)下卧层（土）21.deadload=sustainedload恒载持续荷载22.liveload活载23.shorttermtransientload短期瞬时荷载24.long-termtransientload长期荷载25.reducedload折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clayfraction粘粒粒组31.physicalproperties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-gradedsoil级配良好土34.poorly-gradedsoil级配不良土35.normalstresses正应力36.shearstresses剪应力37.principalplane主平面38.major(intermediate,minor)principalstress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulombfailurecondition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finiteelementmethod有限元法41.limitequilibriummethod极限平衡法42.porewaterpressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidationpressure先期固结压力44.modulusofcompressibility压缩模量45.coefficentofcompressibility压缩系数46.compressionindex压缩指数47.swellingindex回弹指数48.geostaticstress自重应力49.additionalstress附加应力50.totalstress总应力51.finalsettlement最终沉降52.slipline滑动线 六.基坑开挖与降水1excavation开挖（挖方）2dewatering（基坑）降水3failureoffoundation基坑失稳4bracingoffoundationpit基坑围护5bottomheave=basalheave（基坑）底隆起6retainingwall挡土墙7pore-pressuredistribution孔压分布8dewateringmethod降低地下水位法9wellpointsystem井点系统（轻型）10deepwellpoint深井点11vacuumwellpoint真空井点12bracedcuts支撑围护13bracedexcavation支撑开挖14bracedsheeting支撑挡板七.深基础-deepfoundation1.pilefoundation桩基础1)castin-place灌注桩divingcastingcast-in-placepile沉管灌注桩boredpile钻孔桩special-shapedcast-in-placepile机控异型灌注桩pilessetintorock2)belledpierfoundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pierfoundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamedboredpier3)precastconcretepile预制混凝土桩4)steelpile钢桩steelpipepile钢管桩steelsheetpile钢板桩5)prestressedconcretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepipepile预应力混凝土管桩2.caissonfoundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragmwall地下连续墙截水墙4.frictionpile摩擦桩5.end-bearingpile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.waveequationanalysis波动方程分析8.pilecaps承台（桩帽）9.bearingcapacityofsinglepile单桩承载力10.lateralpileloadtest单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimatelateralresistanceofsinglepile单桩横向极限承载力12.staticloadtestofpile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.verticalallowableloadcapacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.lowpilecap低桩承台15.high-risepilecap高桩承台16.verticalultimateupliftresistanceofsinglepile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silentpiling静力压桩18.upliftpile抗拔桩19.anti-slidepile抗滑桩20.pilegroups群桩21.efficiencyfactorofpilegroups群桩效率系数（）22.efficiencyofpilegroups群桩效应23.dynamicpiletesting桩基动测技术24.finalset最后贯入度25.dynamicloadtestofpile桩动荷载试验26.pileintegritytest桩的完整性试验27.pilehead=butt桩头28.piletip=pilepoint=piletoe桩端（头）29.pilespacing桩距30.pileplan桩位布置图31.arrangementofpiles=pilelayout桩的布置32.groupaction群桩作用33.endbearing=tipresistance桩端阻34.skin(side)friction=shaftresistance桩侧阻35.pilecushion桩垫36.piledriving(byvibration)（振动）打桩37.pilepullingtest拔桩试验38.pileshoe桩靴39.pilenoise打桩噪音40.pilerig打桩机 八.地基处理-groundtreatment1.technicalcodeforgroundtreatmentofbuilding建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamiccompaction强夯法5.dynamiccompactionreplacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotationmethod振冲法7.sand-gravelpile砂石桩8.gravelpile(stonecolumn)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravelpile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cementmixingmethod水泥土搅拌桩11.cementcolumn水泥桩12.limepile(limecolumn)石灰桩13.jetgrouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soilpile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soilcompactionpile灰土挤密桩lime-soilcompactedcolumn灰土挤密桩limesoilpile灰土挤密桩16.chemicalstabilization化学加固法17.surfacecompaction表层压实法18.surchargepreloading超载预压法19.vacuumpreloading真空预压法20.sandwick袋装砂井21.geofabric,geotextile土工织物22.compositefoundation复合地基23.reinforcementmethod加筋法24.dewateringmethod降低地下水固结法25.freezingandheating冷热处理法26.expansivegroundtreatment膨胀土地基处理27.groundtreatmentinmountainarea山区地基处理28.collapsibleloesstreatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificialfoundation人工地基30.naturalfoundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.softclayground软土地基33.sanddrain砂井34.rootpile树根桩35.plasticdrain塑料排水带36.replacementratio（复合地基）置换率 九.固结consolidation1.Terzzaghisconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论2.Barraonsconsolidationtheory巴隆固结理论3.Biotsconsolidationtheory比奥固结理论4.overconsolidationration(OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidationsoil超固结土6.excessporewaterpressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensionalconsolidation多维固结8.one-dimensionalconsolidation一维固结9.primaryconsolidation主固结10.secondaryconsolidation次固结11.degreeofconsolidation固结度12.consolidationtest固结试验13.consolidationcurve固结曲线14.timefactorTv时间因子15.coefficientofconsolidation固结系数16.preconsolidationpressure前期固结压力17.principleofeffectivestress有效应力原理18.consolidationunderK0conditionK0固结十.抗剪强度shearstrength1.undrainedshearstrength不排水抗剪强度2.residualstrength残余强度3.long-termstrength长期强度4.peakstrength峰值强度5.shearstrainrate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effectivestressapproachofshearstrength剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.totalstressapproachofshearstrength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulombtheory莫尔库仑理论10.angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failurecriterion破坏准则13.vanestrength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfinedcompression无侧限抗压强度15.effectivestressfailureenvelop有效应力破坏包线16.effectivestressstrengthparameter有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型-constitutivemodel1.elasticmodel弹性模型2.nonlinearelasticmodel非线性弹性模型3.elastoplasticmodel弹塑性模型4.viscoelasticmodel粘弹性模型5.boundarysurfacemodel边界面模型6.Duncan-Changmodel邓肯张模型7.rigidplasticmodel刚塑性模型8.capmodel盖帽模型9.worksoftening加工软化10.workhardening加工硬化11.Cambridgemodel剑桥模型12.idealelastoplasticmodel理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulombyieldcriterion莫尔库仑屈服准则14.yieldsurface屈服面15.elastichalf-spacefoundationmodel弹性半空间地基模型16.elasticmodulus弹性模量17.Winklerfoundationmodel文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力-bearingcapacityoffoundationsoil1.punchingshearfailure冲剪破坏2.generalshearfailure整体剪切破化3.localshearfailure局部剪切破坏4.stateoflimitequilibrium极限平衡状态5.criticaledgepressure临塑荷载6.stabilityoffoundationsoil地基稳定性7.ultimatebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基极限承载力8.allowablebearingcapacityoffoundationsoil地基容许承载力十三.土压力-earthpressure1.activeearthpressure主动土压力2.passiveearthpressure被动土压力3.earthpressureatrest静止土压力4.Coulombsearthpressuretheory库仑土压力理论5.Rankinesearthpressuretheory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析-slopestabilityanalysis1.angleofrepose休止角2.Bishopmethod毕肖普法3.safetyfactorofslope边坡稳定安全系数4.Felleniusmethodofslices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedishcirclemethod瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slicesmethod条分法十五.挡土墙-retainingwall1.stabilityofretainingwall挡土墙稳定性2.foundationwall基础墙3.counterretainingwall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantileverretainingwall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantileversheetpilewall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙7.anchoredplateretainingwall锚定板挡土墙8.anchoredsheetpilewall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物-sheetpilestructure1.steelsheetpile钢板桩2.reinforcedconcretesheetpile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steelpiles钢桩4.woodensheetpile木板桩5.timberpiles木桩十七.浅基础-shallowfoundation1.boxfoundation箱型基础2.mat(raft)foundation片筏基础3.stripfoundation条形基础4.spreadfooting扩展基础5.compensatedfoundation补偿性基础6.bearingstratum持力层7.rigidfoundation刚性基础8.flexiblefoundation柔性基础9.embeddeddepthoffoundation基础埋置深度10.netfoundationpressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soilinteractionanalysis上部结构基础地基共同作用分析 十八.土的动力性质-dynamicpropertiesofsoils1.dynamicstrengthofsoils动强度2.wavevelocitymethod波速法3.materialdamping材料阻尼4.geometricdamping几何阻尼5.dampingratio阻尼比6.initialliquefaction初始液化7.naturalperiodofsoilsite地基固有周期8.dynamicshearmodulusofsoils动剪切模量9.dynamicmagnificationfactor动力放大因素10.liquefactionstrength抗液化强度11.dimensionlessfrequency无量纲频率12.evaluationofliquefaction液化势评价13.stresswaveinsoils土中应力波14.dynamicsettlement振陷（动沉降）十九.动力机器基础1.equivalentlumpedparametermethod等效集总参数法2.dynamicsubgradereactionmethod动基床反力法3.vibrationisolation隔振4.foundationvibration基础振动5.elastichalf-spacetheoryoffoundationvibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowableamplitudeoffoundation基础振动容许振幅7.naturalfrequencyoffoundation基础自振频率二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquakeengineering地震工程2.soildynamics土动力学3.durationofearthquake地震持续时间4.earthquakeresponsespectrum地震反应谱5.earthquakeintensity地震烈度6.earthquak