英语写作基础四种句型和改错.ppt

Simple Compound ComplexandCompound ComplexSentencesinYourWriting Onceawriterknowsthedifferencebetweenthethreesentencetypes simple compound andcomplex itispossibletowritewithsentencevariety Sentencevarietyhelpsmakeyourwritingmoreinteresting SimpleSentence Asimplesentencecontainsasubjectandverb Itexpressesasinglecompletethought Asimplesentenceisasingleindependentclause SampleSimpleSentences Thecatcreptthroughthedarkhouse Thewarymousewatchedfromunderneathanupturnedcerealbox Thepredatorycatstoppedandsurveyedhissurroundings Themousedartedforthesafetyofthenearlyinvisibleholeunderthecabinet CompoundSentences Acompoundsentencecontainstwoindependentclauses Conjunctions for and nor but or andyet so jointheseindependentclauses Hint TheconjunctionsspellFANBOYS Theconjunctionusedcanimpactthemeaningofthesentence SampleCompoundSentences Thecatwasunsuccessfulinhisattempttocatchthemouse andthemousewasequallyasunluckyinhisattempttogetthecheese Thedoghadwatchedallofthis buthehadrefusedtobecomeinvolved Themousecouldwaituntildark orhecouldriskadaylightraidonthepantry Thecatusuallysleptduringtheday yetcuriosityheldhimatthecornerofthekitchen ComplexSentences Acomplexsentenceisanindependentclausejoinedbyoneormoredependentclauses Asubordinatingconjunctionbeginsthedependentclauses Adependentclausethatbeginsasentencemustbefollowedbycomma Adependentclausehasasubjectandaverb butitdoesnotmakesenseonitsown SubordinatingConjunctions AfterhowUntilAlthoughifUnlessAsinasmuchasifinorderthatWhenaslongasAtleastWheneverasmuchasnowthatwhereassoonwhereverasthoughSinceWhilebecausesothatBeforeevenifThateventhoughthough SampleComplexSentences Afterhegaveitsomethought themousedecidedtowaituntillaterforhistrek Thecatfellasleeponthewarmkitchenbecausehewasdeprivedofsleepthenightbefore Whenthemouseheardthesoftsnoringofhissleepingnemesis hescurriedtothepantryandgrabbedenoughfoodforaweek Compound ComplexSentences Acompound complexsentenceisasentencethathasatleasttwoindependentclausesandatleastonedependentclause Thesamesubordinatingconjunctionsareusedtointroducethedependentclauses Thesamecoordinatingconjunctions FANBOYS areusedforjoiningtheindependentclauses SampleCompound ComplexSentences Afterthetwoadversarieshadspentyearsplayingthis catandmouse game theywerejoinedbytheirchildren andthefuncontinued Eventhoughitseemsthetwowerebentontheother sdestruction thecatandmousewereratherfondofoneanother andneitherwantedtheother sdefeat Thisgamewasbegunthousandsofyearsago anditwillcontinuefarintothefutureasothercatsandmicerevelinhide and seek TestYourself Simple Compound Complex orCompound Complex 1 Theteacherwalkedintotheclassroom greetedthestudents andtookattendance 2 JuanplayedfootballwhileJanewentshopping 3 Juanplayedfootball yetJimwentshopping 4 AlthoughMexicohasabetterteam theylostthetournament andtheirmoreaggressivestyledidnotpayoff 5 Theislandwasfilledwithmanytrailswindingthroughthethickunderbrush asmalllake anddangerouswildanimals 6 Naokipassedthetestbecausehestudiedhard butStacydidnotunderstandthematerial Commonerrors A run onsentences串句B fragmentarysentences破句C faultyparallelism错误平行结构 A run onsentences Arun onsentenceincorrectlyrunstwoindependentclausewithoutaconjunctionorpunctuation Ritadecidedtostopsmokingshedidn twanttodieoflungcancer Theexamwaspostponedtheclasswascanceledaswell 串句修改方法 1 将其分成两个句子2 用连接词连接两个句子 连词前加逗号3 用分号连接两个句子Page24 33 35 fragmentarysentences破句 Everysentencemusthaveasubjectandaverbandmustexpressacompletethought Awordgroupthatlacksasubjectoraverbandthatdoesnotexpressacompletethoughtisafragment B 1从属连词引起的破句 AfterIarrivedinChicagobybus Icheckedintoaroom BeforeItooktheflight 修改方法 1 将破句和其前后的句子连上2 增添主句3 去掉从属连词而且通过并列连词 介词短语或动词不定式把句子连接起来 Page41 B 2 ing分词和不定式引起的破句 IcouldnotfindaspaceuntilIdorvetothelastparkinglot Asaresult beinglateforclass Iplanonworkingovertime Togetthisjobfinished Otherwise mybossmaygetbangryatme 修改方法 1 为破句添加合适的主语2 让该破句与前后的句子连接3 必要时可以把 ing形式或者不定式转换成动词的适当形式 Itisaheavyburdenforstudentstoworkpart time Especiallyforthosewhowanttostudy Hefailedanumberofcoursesbeforeheearnedhisdegree Amongthem English1 Economics andGeneralBiology B 3增加细节引起的破句 修改方法 1 将其与前面句子连接 2 为破句添加主语和谓语3 改变若干词 B 4缺少主语的破句 Oneexampleofmyfather sgenerosityisthathevisitssickfriensinthehospital Andtakesalongget wellcardswithafewdollarsfoldedinthem Sarahlookedwithadmirationatthestunninglyattractivemodel Andwonderedhowthemodellookeduponwakingupinthemorning 修改方法 1 将破句与前句连接2 为破句添加主语Page50 Faultyparallelism错误平行结构 Byplacingtwoormoreideasofequalvalueinthesamegrammaticalformwillenableustoexpressedtheseideasclearlyandemphatically Herofficeissmall chillyanddirty Ienjoyfootballandhockey IwanttolearnEnglish andshewantstolearnFrench Sheworksdilignetlyandatnight Hespendsagreatdealofmoneyandfoolishly HewantseithertostudyEnglishLiteratureorstudyWorldHistory 1 改正错用的并列连词2 多项平行3 注意错误的省略4 用than或as引出的比较 1 改正错用的并列连词 Shakespeare romanticandmysterious andwhowrotemanymasterpieces deservesourrespect Shakespeare whowasromanticandmysterious wrotemanymasterpieces deservesourrespect 1 改正错用的并列连词 HehaseithertomajorinEnglishormajorinFrench HehaseithertomajorinEnglishorFrench 2 多项平行 Manypeoplechooseairtransportationbecauseitisfast offersconvenience anditisnotveryexpensive Manypeoplechooseairtransportationbecauseitisfast convenientandinexpensive 2 多项平行 Whenwearrivedhome weunpackedoursuitcases tookshowers andthenwewenttosleepaftereatingourlunch Whenwearrivedhome weunpackedoursuitcases tookshowers ateourlunchandwenttosleep 3 注意错误的省略 has have will shall等结构并列时Ialwayshaveandalwayswillcherishourfriendship Ihavealwayshavecherishedandwillalwayscherishourfriendship 3 注意错误的省略 Ihaveandwillwalktoschooleveryday Ihavewalkedandwillwalktoschooleveryday 4 用than或as引出的比较 Peter swalkmanisasexpensiveasMichael Peter swalkmanisasexpensiveasMichael s 4 用than或as引出的比较P64 Yourdogiscuterthanme Yourdogiscuterthanmine P64 D MisplacedModifiers错位的修饰词 MisplacedModifiersarewordsthat becauseofawkwardplacement donotdescribethewordsthewriterintendedthemtodescribe Theyoftenconfusethemeaningofasentence Toavoidthisproblem placemodifiersasclosepossibletowhattheymodify Billyelledatthedoginhisunderwear Bill inhisunderwear yelledatthedog Tonysmiledatthebabyinthecar Inthecar Tonysmiledatthebaby 修改要点 1 only just almost和nearly等修饰语尽量置于被修饰部分前面 2 时间 地点和方式状语置于句首可避免产生歧义3 难以找到固定位置的状语成分最好放在句首4 which和what引导的从句应该紧跟被修饰词语5 为避免歧义 不要把修饰语置于前后两个均可被修饰的部分中间 P67 E Danglingmodif