2017年6月六级考试题目答案第三套.docx

2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)PartWriting(30minutes)Directions:Directions:Supposeyouareaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertomajorinscienceorhumanitiesatcollege,writeanessaytostateyouropinion.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartListeningComprehension(30minutes)说明：2017年6月大学英语六级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套（即第三套）的听力材料与第一套完全一样，只是选项的顺序不同而已，故本套不再重复给出。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Halfofyourbrainstaysalertandpreparedfordangerwhenyousleepinanewplace,astudyhasrevealed.Thisphenomenonisoften26toasthe“first-night-effect”.ResearchersfromBrownUniversityfoundthatanetworkinthelefthemisphereofthebrain“remainedmoreactive”thanthenetworkintherightsideofthebrain.Playingsoundsintotherightears(stimulatingthelefthemisphere)of27wasmorelikelytowakethemupthanifthenoiseswereplayedintotheirleftear.Itwas28observedthattheleftsideofthebrainwasmoreactiveduringdeepsleep.Whentheresearchersrepeatedthelaboratoryexperimentonthesecondandthirdnightstheyfoundthelefthemispherecouldnotbestimulatedinthesamewayduringdeepsleep.Theresearchersexplainedthatthestudydemonstratedwhenweareina29environmentthebrainpartlyremainsalertsothathumanscandefendthemselvesagainstany30danger.Theresearchersbelievethisisthefirsttimethatthe“first-night-effect”ofdifferentbrainstateshasbeen31inhumans.Itisnt,however,thefirsttimeithaseverbeenseen.Someanimal32alsodisplaythisphenomenon.Forexample,dolphins,aswellasother33animals,shutdownonehemisphereofthebrainwhentheygotosleep.Apreviousstudynotedthatdolphinsalways34controltheirbreathing.Withoutkeepingthebrainactivewhilesleeping,theywouldprobablydrown.But,asthehumanstudysuggest,anotherreasonfordolphinskeepingtheireyesopenduringsleepisthattheycanlookoutfor35whileasleep.Italsokeepstheirphysiologicalprocessesworking.A)classifiedB)consciouslyC)dramaticallyD)exoticE)identifiedF)inherentG)marineH)novelI)potentialJ)predatorsK)referredL)speciesM)specificallyN)varietiesO)volunteersSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.EliteMathCompetitionsStruggletoDiversifyTheirTalentPoolAInterestinelitehighschoolmathcompetitionshasgrowninrecentyears,andinlightoflastsummersU.S.winattheInternationalMathOlympiad(IMO)-thefirstforanAmericanteaminmorethantwodecadesthetrendislikelytocontinue.BButwillsuchcontests,whichareoverwhelminglydominatedbyAsianandwhitestudentsfrommiddle-classandaffluentfamilies,becomeanymorediverse?Manysocialandculturalfactorsplayrolesindeterminingwhichpromisingstudentsgetonthepathtowardinternationalmathrecognition.Buteffortsareinplacetoexposemoreblack,Hispanic,andlow-incomestudentstoadvancedmath,inthehopethatthedemographicpoolofhigh-levelcontenderswilleventuallybegintoshiftandbecomelessexclusive.C“Thechallengeisifcertaintypesofpeoplearedoingsomething,itsdifficultforotherpeopletobreakintoit,”saidPo-ShenLoh,theheadcoachoflastyearswinningU.S.MathOlympiadteam.Participationgrowsthroughfriendsandnetworksandif“yourealizethatshowtheyregrowing,youcanstarttotakeaction”andbringinotherstudents,hesaid.DMostofthetrainingforadvanced-mathcompetitionshappensoutsidetheconfinesofthenormalschoolday.Studentsattendafter-schoolclubs,summercamps,onlineforumsandclasses,anduniversity-based“mathcircles”,toprepareforthecompetitions.EOneofthelargestfeedersforhighschoolmathcompetitionsincludingthosethateventuallyleadtotheIMOisamiddleschoolprogramcalledMathCounts.About100,000studentsaroundthecountryparticipateintheprogramscompetitionseries,whichculminatesinanationalgame-show-stylecontestheldeachMay.ThemostrecentonetookplacelastweekinWashington,D.C.Studentsjoinateamthroughtheirschools,whichprovideavolunteercoachandpayanominalfeetosendstudentstoregionalandstatecompetitions.The224studentswhomakeittothenationalcompetitiongetanall-expenses-paidtrip.FNearlyallmembersoflastyearswinningU.S.IMOteamtookpartinMathCountsasmiddleschoolstudents,asdidLoh,thecoach.“Middleschoolisanimportantagebecausestudentshaveenoughmathcapabilitytosolveadvancedproblems,buttheyhaventreallydecidedwhattheywanttodowiththeirlives,”saidLoh.“Theyoftengethookedthen.”GAnotherinfluentialfeederforadvanced-mathstudentsisanonlineschoolcalledArtofProblemSolving,whichbeganabout13yearsagoandnowhas15,000users.Studentsuseforumstochat,playgames,andsolveproblemstogetheratnocost,ortheycanpayafewhundreddollarstotakecourseswithtrainedteachers.AccordingtoRichardRusczyk,thecompanyfounder,thesixU.S.teammemberswhocompetedattheIMOlastyearcollectivelytookmorethan40coursesonthesite.Parentsofadvanced-mathstudentsandMathCountscoachessaythechildrenareonthewebsiteconstantly.HTherearealsodozensofsummercampsmanyattachedtouniversitiesthataimtoprepareelitemathstudents.Somearepricey-athree-weekintensiveprogramcancost$4,500ormorebutmostofferscholarships.TheMathOlympiadSummerTrainingProgramisathree-weekmathcampheldbytheMathematicalAssociationofAmericathatleadsstraighttotheinternationalchampionshipandisfreeforthosewhomakeit.Onlyabout50studentsareinvitedbasedontheirperformanceonwrittentestsandattheUSAMathOlympiad.IStudentsinuniversitytownsmayalsohaveaccesstoanotherleverforinvolvementinacceleratedmath:mathcircles.Inthesegroups,whichcameoutofanEasternEuropeantraditionofdevelopingyoungtalent,professorsteachpromisingK-12studentsadvancedmathematicsforseveralhoursafterschooloronweekends.TheLosAngelesMathCircle,heldattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,beganin2007with20studentsandnowhasmorethan250.“Thesemathcirclescostnothing,ortheyreverycheapforstudentstogetinvolvedin,butyouhavetoknowaboutthem,”saidRusczyk.“Mostpeoplewouldlovetogetstudentsfrommoreunderservedpopulations,buttheyjustcantgettheminthedoor.Partofitiscommunication;partofitistransportation.”JItsnosecretintheadvanced-mathcommunitythatdiversityisaproblem.AccordingtoMarkSaul,thedirectorofcompetitionsfortheMathematicalAssociationofAmerica,notasingleAfrican-AmericanorHispanicstudent-andonlyahandfulofgirls-hasevermadeittotheMathOlympiadteaminits50yearsofexistence.Manyschoolssimplydontprioritizeacademiccompetitions.“Doyouknowwhowehavetobeat?”askedSaul.“Thefootballteam,thebasketballteam-thatsourcompetitionforresources,studenttime,attention,schooldollars,parentefforts,schoolenthusiasm.”KTeachersinlow-incomeurbanandruralareaswithnohistoryofparticipatinginmathcompetitionsmaynotknowaboutadvanced-mathopportunitieslikeMathCountsandthosewhodomaynothavesupportorfeeltrainedtoleadthem.LButthereareinitiativesinplacetotrytogetmoreunderrepresentedstudentsinvolvedinacceleratedmath.ANewYorkCity-basednonprofitcalledBridgetoEnterMathematicsrunsaresidentialsummerprogramaimedatgettingunderservedstudents，mostlyblackandHispanic,workingtowardmathandsciencecareers.Thesummerafter7thgrade,studentsspendthreeweeksonacollegecampusstudyingadvancedmathforsevenhoursaday.Overthenextfiveyears,thegrouphelpsthestudentsgetintootherelitesummermathprograms,high-performinghighschools,andeventuallycollege.About250studentssofarhavegonethroughtheprogram,whichreceivesfundingfromtheJackKentCookeFoundation.M“Ifyoulookatalotoflow-incomecommunitiesintheUnitedStates,thereareprogramsthatareservingthem,buttheyreprimarilycenteredaroundLetsgetthesekidsgradesup,andnotaroundLetsgetthesekidsaccesstothesamekindsofopportunitiesasmore-affluentkids,”saidDanielZaharopol,thefounderandexecutivedirectoroftheprogram.“Weretryingtocreatethatpathway.”Studentsapplytotheprogramdirectlythroughtheirschools.“Wewanttoreachparentswhoarenotpluggedintothesystem,”saidZaharopol.NInthepastfewyears,MathCountsaddedtwonewmiddleschoolprogramstotrytodiversifyitsparticipantpool-theNationalMathClubandtheMathVideoChallenge.SchoolsorteacherswhosignupfortheNationalMathClubreceiveakitfullofactivitiesandresources,buttheresnospecialteachertrainingandnocompetitionattached.OTheMathVideoChallengeisacompetition,butacollaborativeone.Teamsoffourstudentsmakeavideoillustratingamathproblemanditsreal-worldapplication.Afterthehigh-pressureCountdownroundatthisyearsnationalMathCountscompetition,inwhichthetop12studentswentheadtoheadsolvingcomplexproblemsinrapidfire,thefinalistsfortheMathVideoChallengetookthestagetoshowtheirvideos.Thedemographicsofthatgrouplookedquitedifferentfromthoseinthecompetitionround-ofthe16videofinalists,13weregirlsandeightwereAfrican-Americanstudents.Thevideochallengedoesnotputindividualstudentsonthehotseat-soitslessintimidatingbydesign.Italsoaddstheelementofartisticcreativitytoattractanewpoolofstudentswhomaynotseethemselvesas“mathpeople”.36.Middleschoolisacrucialperiodwhenstudentsmaybecomekeenlyinterestedinadvancedmathematics.37.ElitehighschoolmathcompetitionsareattractingmoreinterestthroughouttheUnitedStates.38.Mathcirclesprovidestudentswithaccesstoadvanced-mathtrainingbyuniversityprofessors.39.Studentsmaytakeadvantageofonlineresourcestolearntosolvemathproblems.40.Thesummerprogramrunbyanonprofitorganizationhashelpedmanyunderservedstudentslearnadvancedmath.41.Winnersoflocalcontestswillparticipateinthenationalmathcompetitionforfree.42.Manyschoolsdontplaceacademiccompetitionsatthetopoftheirprioritylist.43.ContestantsofelitehighschoolmathcompetitionsaremostlyAsianandwhitestudentsfromwell-offfamilies.44.Somemathtrainingprogramsprimarilyfocusonraisingstudentsmathscores.45.Someintensivesummerprogramsareveryexpensivebutmostofthemprovidescholarships.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WelivetodayindebtedtoMcCardell,Cashin,Hawes,Wilkins,andMaxwell,andotherwomenwholiberatedAmericanfashionfromtheconfinesofParisiandesign.Independencecameintying,wrapping,storing,harmonizing,andrationalizingthatwardrobe.Thesedesignersestablishedthemodemdresscode,lettingplaysuitsandotheractivewearoutfitssufficeforcasualclothing,allowingpantstoenterthewardrobe,andprizingrationalismandversatilityindress,incontradictiontodressingforanoccasionorallotmentoftheday.FashioninAmericawaslogicalandanswerabletothewillofthewomenwhoworeit.Implicitlyorexplicitly,Americanfashionaddressedademocracy,whereastraditionalParis-basedfashionwasprescriptiveandimposedonwomen,willingornot.Inanearliertime,AmericanfashionhadalsofollowedthedictatesofParis,orevencopiedandpiratedspecificFrenchdesigns.DesignersportswearwasnotmodeledonthatofEurope,as“modemart”wouldlaterbe;itwasgenuinelyinventedanddevelopedinAmerica.Itsdesignerswerenothigh-endwithsupplementarylines.Thedesignobjectiveandthebusinesscommitmentweretosportswear,andthedistinctivetraitswereproblem-solvingingenuityandrealisticlifestyleapplications.Easeofcarewasmostimportant:summerdressesandoutfits,inparticular,werechieflycotton,readilycapableofbeingwashedandpressedathome.Closingsweresimple,practical,andaccessible,asthemodemwomandependedonnopersonalmaidtodressher.Americandesignersprizedresourcefulnessandthefreedomofwomenwhoworetheclothing.Manyhavearguedthatthewomendesignersofthistimewereabletoprojecttheirownclothingvaluesintoanewstyle.Ofcourse,muchofthisargumentinthe1930s-40swasadvancedbecausetherewaslittleornoexperienceinjustifyingapparel(服装)onthebasisofutility.IfPariswascastaside,thetraditionofbeautywasalsotosomedegreeslighted.Designersportswearwouldhavetobeverifiedbyastandardotherthanthatofpurebeauty;theemulationofadesignerslifeindesignersportswearwasacrudeversionofthisrelationship.Theconsumerwasultimatelytobementionedaswell,especiallybythelikesofDorothyShaver,whocouldpointtothesalesfiguresatLord&Taylor.CouldutilityalonejustifythenewideasoftheAmericandesigners?Fashionisoftenregardedasapursuitofbeauty,andsomecherishedfashionstrivialrelationshiptothefinearts.WhatthedesignersoftheAmericansportswearprovedwasthatfashionisagenuinedesignart,answeringtothedemandingneedsofservice.Ofcoursethesepractical,insightfuldesignershavedeterminedthecourseoflatetwentieth-centuryfashion.Theywerethepioneersofgenderequity,intheiruseful,adaptableclothing,whichwasbothmadeforthemassesandcapableofself-expression.46.WhatcontributiondidthewomendesignersmaketoAmericanfashion?A)TheymadesomeimprovementsonthetraditionalParisiandesign.B)TheyformulatedadresscodewithdistinctiveAmericanfeatures.C)Theycameupwithabrandnewsetofdesignprocedures.D)Theymadeoriginalityatoppriorityintheirfashiondesign.47.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericandesignersportswear?A)ItimitatedtheEuropeanmodel.B)Itlaidemphasisonwomensbeauty.C)ItrepresentedgenuineAmericanart.D)Itwasacompletelynewinvention.48.WhatcharacterizedAmericandesignersportswear?A)Pursuitofbeauty.B)Decorativeclosings.C)Easeofcare.D)Fabricquality.49.WhatoccurredinthedesignofwomensapparelinAmericaduringthe1930s-40s?A)Ashiftofemphasisfrombeautytoutility.B)TheemulationoftraditionalParisiandesign.C)Asearchforbalancebetweentraditionandnovelty.D)Theinvolvementofmorewomeninfashiondesign.50.WhatdowelearnaboutdesignersofAmericansportswear?A)Theycateredtothetasteoftheyoungergeneration.B)Theyradicallychangedpeoplesconceptofbeauty.C)Theyadvocatedequitybetweenmenandwomen.D)TheybecamerivalsoftheirParisiancounterparts.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Massiverubbishdumpsandsprawlinglandfillsconstituteoneofthemoreuncomfortableimpactsthathumanshaveonwildlife.Theyhaveledsomebirdstogiveuponmigration.Insteadofflyingthousandsofmilesinsearchoffood,theymakethewastesitestheirwinterfeedinggrounds.ResearchersinGermanyusedminiatureGPStagstotrackthemigrationsof70whitestorks(鹳)fromdifferentsitesacrossEuropeandAsiaduringthefirstfivemonthsoftheirlives.Whilemanybirdstravelledalongwell-knownroutestowarmerclimates,othersstoppedshortandspentthewinteronlandfills,feedingonfoodwaste,andthemultitudesofinsectsthatthriveonthedumps.Intheshort-term,thebirdsseemtobenefitfromoverwintering(过冬)onrubbishdumps.AndreaFlackoftheMaxPlanckInstitutefoundthatbirdsfollowingtraditionalmigrationroutesweremorelikelytodiethanGermanstorksthatflewonlyasfarasnorthernMorocco,andspentthewinterthereonrubbishdumps.“Forthebirdsitsaveryconvenientwaytogetfood.Therearehugeclustersoforganicwastetheycanfeedon,”saidFlack.Themealsarenotparticularlyappetising,orevensafe.Muchofthewasteisdiscardedrottenmeat,mixedinwithotherhumandebrissuchasplasticbagsandoldtoys.“Itsveryrisky.Thebirdscaneasilyeatpi