透视高考试题 学习介词用法.doc

透视高考试题 学习介词用法透视高考试题 学习介词用法高考试题对介词的测试规律性不是很强，因为介词的用法非常多，而且大多是约定俗成的，很多介词短语都是固定搭配，以下我们以06年高考试题为考例，对06年高考介词的重点考查内容作一分析，再结合04、05年的部分考题来学习高考试题中热点考查的介词用法和常用的介词短语：【高考考例1】（06北京卷）When do we need to pay the balance?_ September 30. A. InB. ByC. DuringD. Within【试题解析】答案为B。题意：我们什么时候需要支付余款？到9月30号为止。by表示“到为止”符合题意。in要加一段时间，而题中September 30表示具体某一天要用介词on。【用法点拨】一、介词at, in, on, by, during, before, after都可以用来表示时间，主要用法区别如下：1介词at在表示某个时间点，后接具体的时刻，例如：at seven oclock, at 5:30 p.m., at eight minutes past two, at nine to 4, at the beginning of2介词in表示一段时间，后接表示一段时间的名词，例如：in 1995, in a year, in two weeks, in autumn, in the evening, in the beginning试比较：In the middle of March the flowers will be in bloom. 花在3月中旬（10号20号）开放At the middle of March the flowers will be in bloom. 花在3月15号左右开放3on指特定的某一天或特定某一天的早晨、中午或晚上，例如：on Monday, on New Years Day, on October 17, 2006, on the morning of July 6, on a clod night, on a quite evening4by表示“到为止”，例如：She ought to be here by now.5during表示“在期间”，例如：She did a lot for the army during the war.6before表示（时间）在之前，例如：He died before the war.We must finish our work before nine oclock.另外，before还可以表示：（1）顺序上先于We should put quality before quantity.（2）位置上在的前面He paused before the door.7after表示（时间）在以后He decided to go for a walk after he finished his homework.二、at, in, on表示地点的区别1at表示较狭或较小的地方，in表示较大的地方，例如：They arrived at the famous town in South Jiangsu at dusk.She is still living in Nanjing.2门牌号码前用at，road前用on，street前用in或on，例如：Alice lives at 103 Wall Street.The accident happened in (on) this street, not on that road.3on和in表示位置关系时，on表示“在上”，表示两个物体相接触，in表示“在之中”，例如：There is a picture on the wall.There is a window in the wall.There is a funny story in todays newspaper.高考试题链接1（04上海卷）The accident is reported to have occurred _ the first Sunday in February. A. atB. onC. inD. to2（05上海卷）John became a football coach in Sealion Middle School _ the beginning of March. A. onB. forC. withD. at答案：1. B 2. D【高考考例2】（06江苏卷）This new model of car is so expensive that it is _ the reach of those with average income. A. overB. withinC. beyondD. below【试题分析】答案为C。本题主要考查介词beyond一词的用法。beyond在此处表示“超越、超出”的意思。题意为：这种新型汽车太昂贵了，超出了普通收入者的购买能力。【用法点拨】beyond一词是06年高考英语试题中的考查热点， beyond一词作为介词用主要有以下的含义和用法：1在的那一边（1）The house is beyond the bridge. 房子在桥的那一边。（2）The new housing estate stretches beyond the playing-fields. 新的住宅区一直延伸到游乐场的那一边。2迟于或超过某一时间（1）It wont go on beyond midnight. 这不会持续到午夜以后。（2）She carried on teaching well beyond retirement age. 她早超过了退休年龄还在教书。高考试题链接（06福建卷）Sorry, Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _ the visiting hours. A. duringB. atC. beyondD. before答案：C3超出某事物的范围；超越（1）The bicycle is beyond repair. 这辆自行车已不能修理。（2）After 25 years the town centre had changed beyond recognition. 25年过去了，市中心变得认不出来了。（3）Her skill as a musician is beyond praise. 她是一个音乐家，其技巧令人赞叹不已。高考试题链接（06四川卷）Can he take charge of the computer company?Im afraid its _ his ability. A. beyondB. withinC. ofD. to答案：A4除（某事物）以外，除了（1）Hes got nothing beyond his state pension. 除了国家发的养老金，他一无所有。（2）I didnt notice anything beyond his rather strange accent. 除了他那颇为古怪的口音以外，我没注意到别的。5be beyond sb指超出了某人理解、想象和估计的范围（1）Its beyond me why she wants to marry Geoff. 我不理解为什么她要和杰弗结婚。（2）How people design computer games is beyond me. 我不明白电脑游戏是怎么设计的。高考试题链接（06安徽卷）Its quite me why such things have been allowed to happen.A. for B. behindC. against D. beyond答案：D【高考考例3】（06上海卷）Its a top secret.Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _ you and me. A. withB. aroundC. amongD. between【试题分析】答案为D。题意为：我会把秘密保守在你和我之间。表示两者之间用between。【用法点拨】1between的含义表示“两者之间”，例如：(1) Between the two trees is a space if ten feet.(2) This took place between 9:30 and 10:30 p.m.(3) The committee would have between 12 and 15 menbers.2among表示“在中间，在当中（指三者或三者以上）”，例如：(1) She prefers to live among the working people.(2) Divide the money among the six of you.【高考考例4】1（06辽宁卷）People have always been curious _ how living things on the earth exactly began. A. inB. atC. ofD. about2（06江苏卷）Are you going to have a holiday this year?Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _.A. offB. outC. behindD. over3（06江西卷）After the earthquake, the injured were cared _ in the local hospital or taken by air to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. A. ofB. forC. afterD. with4Fred, who had expected how it would go with his daughter, had a great worry _ his mind.（06湖南卷）A. onB. inC. withD. at【试题分析】答案为（1）D （2）C （3）B （4）A这几个题目都考查了固定词组搭配中的介词的选用，第（1）题中be curious about表示“对好奇”；第（2）题中leavebehind表示“把留在后面”；第（3）题中care for表示“关心、照顾”的意思；第（4）题on ones mind表示“压在心头；挂念着；惦念着”，in ones mind表示“在某人的头脑中”根据题意on符合。【用法点拨】我们在平时英语学习碰到许多固定词组，这些词组的中的介词有许多都是固定用法，是需要同学们去理解识记的，以下列举一些近几年高考试题中出现的固定搭配的介词短语：1have an effect on（03上海卷）2change attitudes toward/to（04北京卷）相关短语：take a correct attitude toward/to3would rather dothan do.（04全国卷）相关短语：prefer to dorather than doprefer doing to doing4insist on doing sth（04江苏卷）5with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语with two exam to worry about （04北京卷）with his work unfinished（04福建卷）6have a hard time (in) doing sth相关短语：have some difficulty (in) doing sthhave some trouble (in) doing sthspend.(in) doingbe busy (in) doing shtbe engaged (in) doing shtbe occupied (in) doingIts no use/good (in) doing sthThere is no point (in) doing sth7bring about 产生（05北京春）8be patient with对有耐心（05重庆卷）9by chance 偶然（05全国卷）10all by oneself 独自（05全国卷）11be different from与不同（05江西卷）12be similar to与相似（05上海春）13be fond of doing（06上海春）14in fact事实上；as a result结果；in a word总之，一句话；at last最后（04浙江卷）15in all总计；above all尤为重要的是；after all毕竟；at all根本（04福建卷）介词的用法十分琐碎，同学们需要在平时的学习中多注意积累，多注意不同介词表示相似意义的区别，多注意介词短语含义之间的区别，多注意介词短语的固定搭配等等，总之，只有厚积薄发，才能在解题时得心应手。配套习题：1Foreigners are usually curious _ local customs.A. toB. forC. aboutD. as2The train leaves at 6: 00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _ 5: 40 p.m. at the latest.（97全国）A. untilB. afterC. byD. around3I am sorry its _ my power to make a final decision of the project.（04上海春）A. o