【培优练习】Unit 2（英语人教必修四）.docx

Unit 2 Working the land培优练习本课时编写：江西省丰城中学 戴剑国一、完形填空Dear Mr Jones,I expect you may be slightly surprised to receive a letter from someone living as near as your nextdoor neighbor, but I have to raise a subject so that it will be easier for me to discuss in writing.You may have noticed that I have a _1_ of apple trees running alongside the fence that _2_ our two gardens. You may also have taken _3_ in the frequent sight of your two children _4_ on your lawn directly by the fence. And you may also have _5_ that my apple trees, so to speak, bend over the fence and seem to _6_ your children with interest.It is only natural that your children should sometimes seem to return that _7_. And it is not only natural, _8_, I acknowledge, quite legal, for them occasionally to show that interest by _9_ all the apples that hang over on _10_ side of the fence.But to be plain with you, Mr Jones, I am tired _11_ seeing your children, day after day, tear the branches off the side of every one of my apple trees, and leave my trees looking _12_ a battle had been fought on one side of them. I am, if anything, even more tired of waking up these fine autumn _13_, to find even the apples on my side of the fence _14_ in number. I know this is the work of your children, since last night I was woken at midnight by the _15_ they were making _16_ one of my trees, and (as they may have told you) chased them home.While I am on the subject, I am at least grateful to you for keeping your bonfires on the far side of your garden this year. Last year neither I _17_ your children had any apples, because the smoke from your bonfire destroyed all the flowers_18_ the apples had time to form. I very much hope that next yearfor the first time since I came to this villageI shall have my apples, and your children _19_ have theirs and that the sight of the line of apple trees will be _20_ pride to us both.1A. line Bwire CkindDsort2A. dividesBparts Cdeparts Dseparates3A. partBdelight Cpride Dplace4A. seatingBsat CsittingDseat5A. watched Bnoticed CseenDlooked6A. look down at Blook up to Clook up at D look down upon7A. profitBgood Cinterest Dtaste8A. just Beven Cand Dbut9A. pickingBtaking Ceating Dhaving10A. ourBhis CyourDtheir11A. fromBof Cfor Dwith12A. even ifBeven though Cin caseDas if13A. mornings Bafternoons CeveningsDnights14A. a little larger Bmuch larger Cmuch smaller Dmuch fewer15A. voiceBnoise Cwhisper Dscream16A. jumpingBbeating Cbiting Dclimbing17A. norBor CsoDand18A. afterBuntil CbeforeDunless19A. canBwill Ccould Dwould20A. aBan Cthe Dno二、阅读理解ADujiangyan is the oldest manmade water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science. Built over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today to irrigate over 6,000 square kilometers of farmland, take away floodwater and provide water for 50 cities in the province.In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands suffered from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. To help the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the regions governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when winter snow at the top of the nearby Mount Yulei began to melt as the weather warmed.The simplest fix was to build a dam, but this would have ruined the Minjiang River. So instead Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making it suitable for farming.Cutting the channels through the hard rock of Mount Yulei was a remarkable accomplishment as it was done long before the invention of gunpowder and explosives. Li Bing found another solution. He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed. After eight years of work, the 20metrewide canals had been carved through the mountain.Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live peacefully and affluently. Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystems and fish populations to exist in harmony.1What are the benefits of Dujiangyan according to the first paragraph?AReducing flooding and watering farmland.BProtecting the mountain and reducing flooding.CWatering farmland and improving water quality.DDrying the river and supplying cities with water.2What was the main cause of the Minjiang Rivers flooding?AHeavy rains. BMelting snow. CLow river banks. DSteep mountains.3How was Li Bing able to break through the rocks of Mount Yulei?ABy using gunpowder.BBy flooding the rocks with water.CBy applying a heating and cooling technique.DBy breaking the rocks with hammers and spades.4Why is Dujiangyan greatly admired by scientists today?AIt preserves much of the natural river life.BIt took very little time to complete the project.CThe building techniques used were very modern.DIt has raised the living standards of the local people.BWhen a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the_tables_are_turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on.5What does a plant do when it is under attack?AIt makes noises.BIt gets help from other plants.CIt stands quietly.DIt sends out certain chemicals.6What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?AThe attackers get attacked.BThe insects gather under the table.CThe plants get ready to fight back.DThe perfumes attract natural enemies.7Scientists find from their studies that plants can _.Apredict natural disastersBprotect themselves against insectsCtalk to one another intentionallyDhelp their neighbors when necessary8What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe world is changing faster than ever.BPeople have stronger senses than before.CThe world is more complex than it seems.DPeople in Darwins time were more imaginative.三、短文改错Last summer, I got a part-time job as a waiter. I worked hard and very helpful. Everyone in a restaurant including some regular customer liked me. One day, a foreign couple in their fifties entered into the restaurant. I was happy to have a chance to practice their spoken English. I went up to greet them warm. After I took their order, I told them their food will be served quickly because we Chinese respect the elderly. After heard my words, a look of displeasure appeared on the wifes face. Seeing my confusing look, her husband explained to me the Westerners disliked the description “old”. I apologized to them but realized the importance of knowing cultural differences.参考答案一、完形填空篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。作者家的苹果树长到了隔壁邻居家的院子里，邻居家的孩子在摘苹果时把树枝都给扯坏了，他们还在半夜爬到树上偷摘苹果。因此，作者给邻居写了这封信，希望他能约束一下自己的孩子，共同爱护苹果树。1答案：A根据最后一段最后一句中的“the line of apple trees”可知，“我”沿着篱笆种了一行苹果树。line意为“排列，行”，符合语境。故答案选A。2答案：D此处指篱笆把“我们”两家的花园隔开。divide通常指把整体分成若干部分，其后接介词into。separate指把原来各自独立但混在一起的东西分隔开来，其后常接介词from。故答案选D。3答案：B看见自己的孩子坐在草坪上，家长应会很高兴。take delight in是固定短语，意为“以为乐”，符合语境。故答案选B。4答案：C根据所给选项可知，此处意为“坐在草坪上”，two children与sit之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用其现在分词形式作宾语补足语，故C项正确。5答案：B根据语境可知，此处指或许你也注意到了“我”的苹果树越过了篱笆。notice意为“注意到”，符合语境。故答案选B。6答案：A根据对本句的理解可知，这里运用了拟人的手法，指苹果树越过了篱笆，饶有兴趣地俯视着你的孩子们。look down at意为“低头看，俯视”，符合语境。故答案选A。7. 答案：C根据上文中的“with interest”可知，此处指你的孩子有时似乎会回应苹果树对他们的兴趣，这是很自然的。此处是偷摘苹果的委婉说法。interest意为“兴趣”，符合语境。故答案选C。8. 答案：D此处构成固定搭配not only . but (also) .，意为“不仅而且”。故答案选D。9. 答案： A根据后面的宾语“all the apples that hang over on _10_ side of the fence”可知，此处是“摘苹果”的意思。pick意为“采，摘”，符合语境。故答案选A。10. 答案：C根据常识可知，邻居家孩子摘的自然是越过篱笆伸到他们家花园里的苹果枝上的苹果。本文是一封信，应用第二人称称呼邻居。故答案选C。11. 答案：B根据语境可知，此处指“我”厌烦了日复一日地看见你的孩子将树枝从苹果树上扯下来。此处是介词用于固定结构中，即be tired of doing sth.，意为“厌烦，厌倦做某事”。故答案选B。12. 答案：D根据语境可知，孩子们将树枝扯断，使树看上去就像经历过战争一般。as if意为“似乎，好像”，符合语境。故答案选D。13. 答案：A根据句中的关键词“waking up”可知，此处应指早晨醒来。故答案选A。14. 答案：C根据下文描述的邻居的孩子半夜爬到树上摘苹果可知，连“我”这边的苹果也少了很多，排除A、B两项。number与small搭配，不与few搭配。故答案选C。15. 答案：B根据上文中的“I was woken”可知，“我”是被孩子们的吵闹声吵醒的。noise意为“噪声，吵闹声”，符合语境。故答案选B。16. 答案：D根据下文中的“chased them home”可知，应是爬上苹果树摘苹果。climb意为“爬；攀登”，符合语境。故答案选D。17. 答案：A此处构成固定用法“neither . nor .”，意为“和都不”。故答案选A。18. 答案：C根据语境可知，去年苹果树上没有结出一个苹果，因为在苹果开始生长之前邻居家篝火的烟毁坏了所有的苹果花。before意为“在之前”，符合语境。故答案选C。19. 答案：B根据时间状语“next year”和前一分句中的“shall”可知，此处用一般将来时，故用will。故答案选B。20. 答案：A此处是抽象名词具体化，a pride意为“一件令人骄傲的事”。此处指来年看见一行苹果树会令“我们”都觉得骄傲。故答案选A。二、阅读理解A篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。全文简述了都江堰水利工程的特点及其重要价值。1. 答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，都江堰水利工程带来的益处是灌溉、防洪和提供用水。故选A。2. 答案：B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，岷江洪水泛滥主要是由山上的积雪融化造成的。故选B。3. 答案：C细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed.”可知，他是通过运用加热和冷却的技术来解决这一难题的。故选C。4. 答案：A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，这是因为都江堰水利工程使河流的生态系统和鱼类和谐相处。故选A。B篇章导读：本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了叶类植物受到袭击时，会发出一种有机化合物(VOCs)来保护自己或通过化学物质与周围的植物进行交流。5. 答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ . reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. .”可知，植物受到攻击时会释放出一种特殊的气味，而这种特殊的气味就是某些化学物质。故选D。6. 答案：A句意理解题。根据画线部分后的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”可知，画线部分的意思是袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击。故选A。7. 答案：B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.”和“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. . now becomes lunch.”可知，植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害。故选B。8. 答案：C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，达尔文设想了一个远比现实世界更繁忙、更喧嚣和更亲密的世界，而我们的感官却非常弱，植物世界比它表面所展现的更复杂。由此可知，(自然)世界似乎比它看上去的样子更复杂。故选C。三、短文改错Last summer, I got a part-time job as