专八改错题及答案.doc

2010年专八真题改错部分Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequallycompleteandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:thatis,everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay1_thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay. 2_Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive3_peoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notallgroupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsorpsychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe4_faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakaboutsnowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin5_English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage(oneofthosesometimesmiscalledprimitive)isinherentlymorepreciseandsubtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect6_inEnglish,ashowofunexpectedprimitiveness.ThepositionissimplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar7_environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms8_fordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.9_Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimoslife.10_2010年专八真题改错参考答案以及分词1be后插入as;asas引导的比较级2their改为its;its代替everylanguage3There改为It;It此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式4Whereas改为But；语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas表示对比5further改为muchfurther不能修饰比较级6come改为bring;(sth)cometolight,bringsthtolightbringtolightthedefectofEnglish=bringthedefectofenglishtolight揭示英语的缺陷7similar改为different;根据语境应该用different8will改为would;虚拟语气9asimportant去掉as;10thepart去掉the或者改the为abe/become/form(a)partof是固定短语09专八改错原题Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepassesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference(1)_betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe(2)_littlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,oreven(3)_grandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.With(4)_theplaygroundlore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassed(5)_onwithintheveryhouritislearnt;andinthegeneral,itpasses(6)_betweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommonforthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemorethanfiveyears.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymecanbeshowntohavebeencurrentlyforahundredyears,orevenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatit(7)_hasbeenretransmittedoverandover;verypossiblyithaspassed(8)_alongachainoftwoorthreehundredyounghearersandtellers,andthewonderisthatitremainsliveaftersomuchhandling,(9)_toletalonethatitbearsresemblancetothe(10)_答案分析：(1) thefurtherdifference改为afurtherdifference（此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指）(2)改when为until,结构not.until翻译为“直到才”(3)their改为his（代词与前文alittlelistener在单复数上保持一致）(4)something改为anything此处指二十到七十的任何时段(5)therefore改为however（根据上下文逻辑关系）(6)inthegeneral去掉the（习惯用法ingeneral表示总的来说，一般不用冠词）(7)currently改为current（这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词）(8)ithaspassed改为ithasbeenpassed（与分号前的被动保持一致）(9)live改为alivealive翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语(10)toletalone改为letalone(letalone为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说2008年专八真题短文改错Thedesiretouselanguageasasignofnationalidentityisaverynaturalone,andinresultlanguagehasplayedaprominent_1_partinnationalmoves.Menhaveoftenfelttheneedtocultivate_2_agivenlanguagetoshowthattheyaredistinctivefromanother_3_racewhosehegemonytheyresent.AtthetimetheUnitedStates_4_splitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofa_5_differentlanguagefromthoseofBritain.Therewasevenone_6_proposalthatAmericansshouldadoptHebrew.OthersfavouredtheadoptionofGreek,though,asonemanputit,thingswouldcertainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckontoEnglish_7_andmadetheBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryone_8_knows,thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolutionofcarryingwiththesamelanguageasbefore._9_Sincenearlytwohundredyearsnow,theyhaveshowntheworld_10_thatpoliticalindependenceandnationalidentitycanbecompletewithoutsacrificingtheenormousmutualadvantagesofacommonlanguage.20081. inresult改成inconsequence，2moves改成movements.3distinctive改成distinct或different4在time后加when5accepted改成realized6those改成that7删除on,8At改成In9carryingwith改成carryingonwith10now改成ago07专八真题短文改错Fromwhathasbeensaid,itmustbeclearthatnoonecanmakeverypositivestatementsabouthowlanguageoriginated.Thereisnomaterialinanylanguagetodayandintheearliest1_recordsofancientlanguagesshowuslanguageinanewand2_emergingstate.Itisoftensaid,ofcourse,thatthelanguage3_originatedincriesofanger,fear,painandpleasure,andthe4_necessaryevidenceisentirelylacking:therearenoremotetribes,noancientrecords,providingevidenceofalanguagewithalargeproportionofsuchcries5_thanwefindinEnglish.Itistruethattheabsenceofsuchevidencedoesnotdisprovethetheory,butin6_othergroundstoothetheoryisnotveryattractive.Peopleofallracesandlanguagesmakerathersimilarnoisesinreturntopainorpleasure.Thefactthat7_suchnoisesaresimilaronthelipsofFrenchmenandMalaysianswhoselanguagesareutterlydifferent,servestoemphasizeonthefundamentaldifference8_betweenthesenoisesandlanguageproper.Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions,instinctivetolargeextent,9_whereaslanguageproperdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearntandthatare10_whollyconventional1,改and为or,anylanguagagestodayorrecordsofancientlanguages是并列成分，在否定句中用or2,改show为showing,现在分词作定语3，删除the,表示泛指4，改and为but,根据语境此处是转折5，改large为larger,后面有than,应该用比较级6，改in为on,onothergrounds“基于其它理由”，为固定搭配7，改return为response,inresponseto“对作出反应”8，删除on,emphasizesthemphasize是及物动词9，在large前加a,extent是可数名词，前面要加冠词。toalargeextent翻译为“在很大程度上”10，改these为thosethosethat/who为固定形式2006专八短文改错Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconventionsas1_tothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticular 2_message:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposalvocabularyanda 3_setofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehis 4_thoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,totheotherEnglish 5_speakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactive-lyandthatwhichherecognises,increasesinsizeashegrowsoldasaresultofeducationandexperience.6_But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindividual,unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanother7_memberofhislinguisticcommunity;hebastogivethesystemaconcretetransmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomost 8_commonformsoftransmission-bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans(speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare 9_amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements. 10_1,改agreeing为agreedagreedconventions翻译为“习俗”2，words前加the,此处为特指3，改in为atatonesdisposal为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”4，改enables为enable，定语从句与先行词vocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrules保持一致5，删除the,此处需要泛指6，改old为older,此处需要比较级7，改seen为understood，system应该是被理解8，删除ittakesthforgrantedtakeitforgrantedthat9,改or为and,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系10，most前加the,形容词最高级中that一般不能省略2005年专八真题短文改错TheUniversityasBusinesAnumberofcollegesanduniversitieshaveannouncedsteeptuitionincreasesfornextyearmuchsteeperthanthecurrent,verylowrateofinflation.Theysaytheincreasesareneededbecauseofalossinvalueofuniversityendowmentsheavilyinvestingincommon1_stock.Iamskeptical.Abusinessfirmchoosesthepricethatmaximizesitsnetrevenues,irrespectivefluctuationsinincome;andincreasinglythe2_outlookofuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesisindistinguishablefromthoseof3_businessfirms.Theriseintuitionsmayreflectthefacteconomicuncertainty4_increasesthedemandforeducation.Thebiggestcostofbeingintheschoolisforegoingincomefromajob(thisisprimarilyafactorin5_graduateandprofessional-schooltuition);thepooronesjobprospects,6_themoresenseitmakestoreallocatetimefromthejobmarkettoeducation,inordertomakeoneselfmoremarketable.Thewayswhichuniversitiesmakethemselvesattractivetostudents7_includesoftmajors,studentevaluationsofteachers,givingstudentsagovernancerole,andeliminaterequiredcourses.8_Sky-hightuitionshavecauseduniversitiestoregardtheirstudentsascustomers.Justasbusinessfirmssometimescolludetoshortenthe9_rigorsofcompetition,universitiescolludetominimizethecosttothemoftheathleteswhomtheyrecruitinordertostimulatealumnidonations,sothebestathletesnowoftenbypasshighereducationinordertoobtainsalariesearlierfromprofessionalteams.Anduntiltheywerestoppedbytheantitrustauthorities,theIvyLeagueschoolscolludedtolimitcompetitionforthebeststudents,byagreeingnottoawardscholarshipsonthebasisofmeritratherthanpurelyofneed-justlikebusinessfirmsagreeingnottogivediscountsontheirbest10_customer1.investing应改为invested，过去分词作定语2.在irrespective和fluctuations之间加上介词of。irrespectiveOf是一固定用法，意指“不论，不管，不顾，”等，此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。3.把those改为that，that此处代替outlook4在fact和economic之间力口上关系代词that。这是一个同位语从语，that在同位语从句中是不能省略的.5把定冠词the去掉,inschool表示上学这个抽象意义6把形容词poor改为其比较级poorer。这句中的poor与后面的more形成一对比较关系，表示“越越”7在ways和which之间加上一个介词in。8这里应该用动词的lng形式，即eliminating，以便使句型结构与前面的giving(studentsagovernancerole)保持一致，否则句子结构和意思都显得不正确。9将shorten(缩短；使变短)改为reduce/lesson/weaken。此处属于用词不当。10将togivediscountson改为togivediscountstotheirbestcustomer。意为实业公司给最好的客户提供优惠。Givediscountstosb为固定短语20041.,在set后加up,setup“建立、成立”是固定短语2.答案：consistedconsisting/composed3.答案：inon【详细解答】固定搭配on.occasions4.答案rely后加on【详细解答】固定搭配relyonsb.todosomething5.答案：makeoutmake【详细解答】makeout意思是“辨认出”，而此处意思是“对.做详细的研究”，故用“makedetailedstudiesof.”即可。6.答案：itstheir【详细解答】此处指代的是“investigations”,故用复数。7.答案：publicthepublic【详细解答】the+adj.可表示某一类人，此处意思是“面向公众”，故应用“thepublic”。8.答案：neverthelesstherefore/thus【详细解答】此处不是表示意思的转折，而是与前文构成因果关系，故可改为therefore或thus。9.答案：interestsinterest【详细解答】此处看成不可数名词为佳10.答案：thesethose【详细解答】those指代witnesses,即指代名词复数做定语从句的先行词，而these不行2003改错DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomenandbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundred(1)_yearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom.”Theseyoung (2)_adultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajor(3)_buttemporaryreversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrate(4)_andatayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts. (5)_Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenwho(6)_formedfamiliesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreducedthe(7)_divorcerateafterapostwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswell(8)_aslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStatesmaintaineditsdubious (9)_distinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameextentin(10)_Europe.Contrarytofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnotabandoned1.答案：heighthigh，high作为名词翻译为“最高水平”，又如reachanall-timehigh2答案：删除a【详细解答】此处steadydecline指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其结果，为不可数名词，故应去掉定冠词a。3答案：went后加on【详细解答】goon为固定搭配，意为“持续”。4答案：highhigher【详细解答】后面有than，此处应为比较级。5答案：EuropeEuropean【详细解答】根据上下文，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词counterparts。6答案：more【详细解答】由上下文可知，more与equally矛盾，故应去掉。7答案：neverthelessalso【详细解答】由上下文可知，此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系，而非转折关系。8答案：thatthose【详细解答】由上下文可知，此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的marriages，故指示代词也应该用复数形式。9答案：SinceAlthough（或While）【详细解答】从逻辑上讲，此处应表达让步关系，而非因果关系。10答案：into【详细解答】toextent为固定搭配，意为“到程度”2002改错Therearegreatimpedimentstothegeneraluseofastandardinpronunciationcomparabletothatexistinginspelling(orthography).Oneisthefactthatpronunciationislearntnaturallyandunconsciously,andorthographyislearnt1._deliberatelyandconsciously.Largenumbersofus,infact,remainthroughoutourlivesquiteunconsciouswithwhatourspeechsounds2_likewhenwespeakout,anditoftencomesasashockwhen3_wefirstlyheararecordingofourselves.Itisnotavoicewerecognizeatonce,4_whereasourownhandwritingissomethingwhichwealmostalwaysknow.5_Webeginthenaturallearningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningtoreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswewentonunconsciously6._imitatingandpracticingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanymorehourspereverydaythanweeverhavetospend7._learningevenourdifficultEnglishspelling.Thisisnatural,8._therefore,thatourspeech-soundsshouldbethoseofourimmediatecircle;afterall,aswehaveseen,speechoperatesasameansofholdingacommunity9._andgivingasenseofbelonging.Welearnquiteearlytorecognizeastranger,someonewhospeakswithanaccentofadifferentcommunity-perhapsonlyafewmilesfar.1020011.答案：asso此处不是比较，so翻译为“如此”2.答案：increasingincreasingly【详细解答】increasing可用来修饰名词，表示“正在增加”，修饰名词topic不合题意。本句中应该用副词作状语修饰形容词favorite，所以应该改用副词increasingly。3.答案：sobut【详细解答】根据上下文判断，小麦价格在秋天不断下降，但是农民不能等着市场提升价格。这里应该是转折关系，而不是因果关系。4.答案：soon或shortly【详细解答】要表达“不久以后”，要么用soonafter，要么用shortlyafter，就是没有soonshortlyafter这种搭配。5.答案：richricher【详细解答】根据上下文，这里是说由于价格上涨，投机商们变得更加富有，故应该改用形容词的比较级形式。6.答案：asked后加for【详细解答】askfor为固定搭配，意为“要求，请求”。7.答案：involvinginvolved【详细解答】beinvolvedin为一固定搭配，意为“被卷入”，这里的be为连系动词，可用become替换。8.答案：1ifeliving【详细解答】根据上下文，这里要表达的意思是“生活费用”，应为livingcosts。life则意为“生命”，不能修饰costs9.答案：删除with【详细解答】handle为及物动词，应直接带宾语。10.答案：totalfull【详细解答】total意为“总体的，全体的”，指一种整体的概念。而这里要表达的是“全部的权威”，英语中常用fullauthority。20001.答案：删除seem后的the【详细解答】本句中的most为副词，不是最高级形式，故不用定冠词the。翻译为“极其”2.答案：butand【详细解答】根据文章内容判断，but后面的陈述与前文并不是相反之意，而是并列关系。3.答案：into【详细解答】asopposedto为固定搭配，意为“与对照，与相比”。4.答案：misledmisleading【详细解答】根据句意，这里的方式（way）是对他人有误导，不是被他人误导。所以应该用mislead的现在分词表示主动的含义。5.答案：away【详细解答】farawayfrom意为“距离某处很远”，而farfrombeing则意为“远不是，远够不上”。根据上下文，这里是说“远非毫无意义”，故应该用短语farfrombeing。6.答案：singleonly【详细解答】此处用only修饰