邯郸成安水资源评价报告.doc

设计总说明水是重要的自然资源，随着社会的进步，人口的增长，人民生产和生活水平的提高，人类对水的需求愈来愈多。尽管水是循环的可以恢复的资源，但是水量总是有一定限制的，由于工业，农业和城市迅速发展，世界上不同国家都遇到了严重的水资源短缺和污染问题。本设计是根据水文水资源专业本科教学大纲的要求，以水资源评价与管理，水文学原理，水文统计学，水文分析与计算，水利计算及水资源规划，地下水文学，水利工程经济等专业课为基础，结合现实社会发展中遇到的问题以及前沿的水资源专业的成果，并吸收了多位指导教师的意见编写而成。本次成安水资源评价毕业设计内容包括水资源数量评价、供需平衡分析和水资源综合利用评价。本文在客观、科学、系统和实用的基础上，遵循地表水与地下水统一评价、水资源利用和保护统一评价的原则，对成安的降水量、径流量、地下水资源量、水资源供需情况进行了分析计算。核心是要研究计算大气降水、地表水、地下水、过境或外调水等四块水，调查分析工业用水、农业用水、生活用水、环境用水等四种需求，一个区域中只有实现四块水与四种需求的协调平衡，才可能实现水资源的可持续利用，保障社会经济的可持续发展。具体设计情况分四步：一、地表水资源评价包括以下六个方面：1 基本资料的分析和审查熟悉成安地区雨量站的降雨量资料，对资料进行三性审查。即可靠性、代表性、一致性的审查。其中代表性审查采用长短系列统计参数对比分析、降水量模比系数累计差积曲线和累积年平均值。对有缺测的资料用相关系数法进行插补和展延。展延方法为两站相关分析，提高资料的代表性。2 单站降水量资料的统计分析选择代表性比较好的站作为代表站，用模比系数差积曲线法对其进行代表性分析。采用适线法求三大统计参数：变差参数、偏差参数、均值。3 降水量的年内分配采用典型年法，在频率曲线上读取25%，50%，75%对应的降水总量数值分别作为丰水年、平水年、枯水年的设计值。按水量相近及对工程不利原则选取四个代表年，采用同倍比放大，求得不同频率下的月降水量在设计年内的分配过程。4 径流量的分析与计算由于成安市大多区域为岩溶发育区，地表水渗漏严重，地下水流域不闭合，多数河流无水文控制站。对选用水文控制站和水库站的年径流系列进行了插补和延长。5 单站径流量资料的统计分析将全县的径流深系列进行频率分析计算，分析方法与降水量分析相同，求得全市保证率为25%，50%，75%的年径流深。6 径流量的年内分配及年际变化采用典型年法，在频率曲线上读取25%，50%，75%对应的径流总量数值分别作为丰水年、平水年、枯水年的设计值。二、地下水资源评价按照水均衡原理，本次设计须计算的补给量有降雨入渗补给、河道渗漏补给量、渠系渗漏补给量灌溉、田间补给量、井灌田间补给量、蓄水闸渗漏补给、越流补给量的计算。最后求得地下水总量。 三、水资源总量评价区域水资源总量的定义是：当地降水形成的地表和地下产水量之和。因此，水资源总量并不简单的等于地表水资源量和地下水资源量之和，而是由地表水资源量加上地下水资源量在扣除地表水与地下水相互转换的重复计算水量后而得。 四、供需平衡分析以2005年社会经济指标和现有供水工程设施为依据，进行P=50%和P=75%两种保证率的水资源供需分析。1 现状年需水量现状年需水量包括工业、农业、生活等河道外需水量。其中，工业需水量、生活蓄水量一般采用现状年实际用水量。2 现状年可供水量现状年可供水量，是指在现有水利工程设施条件下，通过各种措施可能提供的最大水量。可供水量包括地表水可供水量和地下水可供水量。3 2010、2020年供需预测包括农业、生产所需的水量，其中生产需水包括第一产业、第二产业、第三产业。第一产业包括种植业、林牧渔业，第二产业份分为工业和建筑业，第三产业包括商饮业和服务业。本论文的主要概况为以下四个问题：（1）有多少水（在不同时间、地区、可靠程度与可用性）；（2）需要多少水（过去、现在、将来）；（3）供需平衡有何问题；（4）应采取什么措施以解决水资源问题。关键词：水资源量； 供需平衡分析 ；可持续发展Design General InformationWater is an important natural resources, along with social progress, population growth, peoples production and living standards, human demand for water is increasing. Although water is a cycle of resources can be restored, however, there is always a certain amount of water restrictions , due to industry, agriculture and rapid urban development in different countries in the world have experienced serious Water shortage and pollution problems. Hydrology and Water Resources of the design is based on the requirements of undergraduate curriculum, evaluation and management of water resources, hydrology theory, statistical hydrology, hydrological analysis and calculation of hydraulic calculation and water resources planning, groundwater literature, economic and other specialized courses for the water project base, combined with real social development problems and the results of cutting-edge water professionals, and absorb the views of a number of guidance teachers compiled. The evaluation of water resources throughout graduation design includes a quantitative assessment of water resources, water supply and demand analysis and comprehensive utilization of water resources. Based on the objective, scientific, systematic and practical basis, followed surface water and groundwater unified evaluation, quality of the harmonization of evaluation, the use of water resources and protection of the principle of unified evaluation, right throughout the precipitation, runoff, the volume of groundwater resources, water resources and water supply and demand situation for the state of the environment analysis. The core is to calculate atmospheric research precipitation, surface water, groundwater, sewage and transit or transfer, and other four foreign water, Analysis of industrial water, agricultural water use, and the environment of water of the four.Only a regional water and the realization of four four needs a harmonious balance can only be achieved sustainable use of water resources. guarantee the sustainable socio-economic development.Specific design situations in four steps: First surface water resources assessment Includes the following six areas: 1 basic data analysis and review of Rainfall stations into the security area are familiar with the rainfall data, the third review of the data. The reliability, representativeness, consistency of review. One representative series of statistical parameters of the review by the length of comparative analysis, the cumulative difference between precipitation frequency factor and cumulative annual average product curve. There is missing information on test method with a correlation coefficient of interpolation and extension. Extension method of correlation analysis for the two stations, to improve data representation. 2 single-station precipitation data statistical analysis Chosen as the representative of good points on behalf of stations, with the difference frequency factor were representative of their product curve analysis. Method by fitting the three statistical parameters: variation parameter, deviation parameter, mean. 3 distribution of precipitation for the year In a typical method to read in the frequency curve of 25%, 50%, and 75% respectively, corresponding to the total precipitation values as a wet year, average year, dry year the design value. Water close by and the principle of adverse selection on the project on behalf of four years, compared with the same times magnification, obtained under different frequencies on the distribution of precipitation during the year in the design process. 4 analysis and calculation of runoff Since most of the region into a safe city for the karst areas, surface water leakage serious groundwater basin is not closed, the majority of the river without hydrological control stations. Hydrological control stations and reservoirs on the selected station conducted the annual runoff series interpolation and extension. 5 single-station statistical analysis of runoff data The countys runoff series for the frequency analysis and calculation method and the precipitation of the same, seeking to ensure the citys rate of 25%, 50%, 75% of the annual runoff. 6 distribution of runoff and annual change during the year In a typical method to read in the frequency curve of 25%, 50%, 75% of the total runoff corresponding values were as wet year, average year, dry year the design value. Second, groundwater resources evaluation In accordance with the principle of water balance calculation of this design to be replenished with rainfall infiltration recharge, river leakage recharge, canal seepage irrigation supplies, field supplies the amount of irrigation field recharge, water storage and supply gate leakage, leakage recharge calculations. Finally obtain the total ground water. Third, total water resources assessment Is defined as the total regional water resources: rainfall and surface and underground water production combined. Therefore, the water does not simply mean the total amount of surface water and groundwater resources and volume, but by the amount of surface water with groundwater resource, net of conversion between surface water and groundwater after the double counting of water obtained. Fourth, supply and demand balance analysis Socio-economic indicators in 2005 and is based on the existing water supply facilities, for P = 50% and P = 75% rate of two to ensure water supply and demand analysis. 1 on actual water demand On actual water demand, including industry, agriculture, life outside the river water demand. Among them, the industrial water demand, live storage capacity generally use the actual status of water. 2 Status of water for years Situation in available water, is under the existing water conservancy facilities, through a variety of measures may provide the greatest amount of water. Available water, including surface water and ground water available for water. 3 2010,2020 forecast on supply and demand Including agriculture, the amount of water needed for production, including production of industrial water demand, including the first, second and tertiary industries. Primary industry including farming, forestry, animal husbandry fishery, the secondary industry were divided into industrial and construction industries, the tertiary industry including commercial beverage industry and services. In this paper, the main profiles for the following four issues : (a) the number of water (at different times and regions, reliability and availability); (2) how much water (past, present and future); (3) the balance of supply and demand; (4) what steps should be taken to solve the problem of water resources. Keywords：Water quantity; water supply and demand analysis; sustainable development 目 录设计总说明IDesign General InformationIII1成安基本情况概述11.1 地理位置11.2 地形地貌11.3 河流水系及引水渠道11.4 气候特点11.5 社会经济概况11.6 地质及水文地质11.6.1 构造11.6.2 地层11.6.3 水文地质22降水资料分析计算42.1 降水资料42.2 资料收集42.3 资料系列42.4 资料的插补延长52.5系列代表性分析72.6统计参数的分析确定102.7年降雨量的计算112.8降水量的年际变化143地表水资源量评价174 地下水资源评价204.1 基本原理204.2 各项补给量的计算204.2.1 降水入渗补给量的计算204.2.2 河道渗漏补给量的计算214.2.3 渠系渗漏补给量214.2.4 灌溉田间补给量的计算224.2.5 井灌田间补给量的计算224.2.6 蓄水闸（洼淀）渗漏补给量的计算224.2.7 越流补给量的计算224.3 地下水资源总量的计算225水资源总量246 水资源供需分析256.1需水量的计算256.1.1生活需水量包括农村居民生活需水和城镇居民生活需水256.1.2农业需水266.1.3工业需水量276.2可供水量计算方法286.2.1蓄水工程可供水量计算296.2.2引水工程可供水量296.3水资源供需平衡分析306.3.1灌区供需平衡分析316.3.2地下水供需平衡分析326.3.3 余缺水量统计337水资源综合评价357.1 水资源供水预测357.2 需水量预测357.2.1 生活需水量预测357.2.2 工业需水预测367.2.3 农业需水量预测377.2.4 需水量预测计算过程377.2.5 可供水量分析计算387.3 2010水平年水资源供需平衡分析387.3.1 蓄水闸调节计算397.3.2 民有灌区供需平衡分析407.3.3 再生水供需平衡分析417.3.4 井灌供需平衡分析427.3.5 地下水供需平衡分析437.3.6 余缺水量统计447.4 2020水平年水资源供需平衡分析457.4.1 蓄水闸调节计算467.4.2 民有灌区供需平衡分析477.4.3 引江水量计算487.4.4 再生水供需平衡分析497.4.5 井灌供需平衡分析507.4.6 地下水供需平衡分析517.4.7余缺水量统计528水资源保护评价548.1工程措施548.1.1节水548.1.2 流域内开源工程558.1.3 水资源优化配置工程568.1.4 外流域调水工程568.1.5 水资源保护工程568.2 政策与管理措施578.2.1 水价改革及水价格体系建设578.2.2 水资源管理体制改革578.2.3 水政策法规建设598.2.4 明晰水权，培育水市场60小结61谢辞62参考文献631成安基本情况概述1.1 地理位置成安县位于河北省南部，太行山东麓，京广铁路以东。地处东经1142911453，36183630之间，东与魏县、广平县搭界，北与肥乡县、邯郸县相邻，西与磁县接壤，南与临漳县毗连，东西长30.4km，南北宽15.4km，呈不规则梯形状。全县总面积485km2。1.2 地形地貌成安县为黄河、漳河冲积平原，地势较为平坦，西南部略高于东北部，最高在长巷乡温村一带，海拔65米，最低在北乡义乡西小堤一带，海拔50.565米，平均坡降为1/2000米，现存为第四纪松散沉积物，地貌类型基本单一，微地貌中由黄河故道纵贯县境而形成的缓岗坡地至今明显。因地势平、低，径流不畅形成局部洼地，加之降水量年内分配不均，汛期雨量集中，排水不畅，容易发生洪涝灾害。1.3 河流水系及引水渠道 成安县境内没有天然河流，主要供水工程有民有总干渠、一干渠、二干渠，境内全长42.8km，控制全县耕地面积41万亩。1.4 气候特点成安县属温带半干旱半湿润大陆性气候区，四季分明，雨热同期，春季多风干旱，阳光充足；夏季炎热多雨、高温高湿；秋季秋高气爽，日照较差；冬季干燥寒冷，雨雪较少，盛行西北风。多年平均气温13.1，极端最高气温41.9，极端最低气温-21.8，多年平均日照时数为2413小时。1.5 社会经济概况成安县辖4镇5乡，234个行政村，总人口37万，总面积为485km2，2004年全县总人口为37万人，其中非农业人口4.4万人，农业人口32.6万人。全县耕地面积55.4万亩，其中林果地3.8万亩。农作物主要为小麦，玉米、棉花。2004全县GDP为29亿元，比2000年增长64%，年均增长13%。1.6 地质及水文地质1.6.1 构造成安县属于华北地台的南段，太行山台背斜东翼东侧，华北台坳宁晋断陷区，新生代以来的构造变动是以相对下降为主，地壳长期处于沉陷状态，古老的地基构造对于第四系沉积物的分布厚度与展布方面有一定的控制作用。第四纪后由漳河携带沉积而成的冲击扇平原区，堆积了巨厚的冰积、湖积松散沉积物。1.6.2 地层成安县第四系沉积物的成因类型，主要是冲击、沉积物。地层由新到老依次为全新统Q4、上更新统Q3、中更新统Q2及下更新统Q1，下伏第三系地层岩性比较简单，均属漳河及西缘由黄河携带的第四纪沉积物，另因漳河多次泛滥改道所形成的第四纪沉积物中的亚砂、亚粘土与砂层相互交替沉积覆盖，沉积的层次和厚度，水平分布不均，垂直分布颗粒粗细相间，多呈透镜体。成安县沉积物类型比较简单，均为漳河、黄河携带泥沙而形成的近代河流沉积物，由于漳河上游所经地段分别有以页岩、砂岩和黄土为主的地区所携带大量的土、砂及黄土，地层主要以新生界第四系覆盖层为主，主要岩性为亚粘土、亚砂土、中细砂及粉砂，局部有粗砂和砾石，岩性和厚度分布不均匀，埋藏深度自西向东逐渐增大，颗粒由粗变细，分布规律性差。1.6.3 水文地质成安县属于漳河冲洪积扇平原的第四系地层，以漳河冲积物和湖积物为主，厚度500-600米，岩性变化较大，整个第四系由浅至深分四个含水组，分别简述如下：第含水组（Q4）该含水组相当于全新统地层（Q4），在西部商城一带厚约20米，向东逐渐加厚，在县城附近厚约60-70米，底板埋深为20-70米，为近代河流的冲、洪积而成，由于有4条漳河故道在县境穿过，黄河故道也在县境西部穿过，故其沿线浅层淡水较发育，含水层厚度较大。含水层岩性为粉、细、中砂、局部粗砂砾石，结构松散，颗粒较均匀。自西向东颗粒变细，且沿故道向两侧砂粒也逐渐变细，砂层自上而下由薄变厚，一般单层厚2-9米，局部12米，累计厚度3-24米。在埋深9-25米的部位有较稳定的细、中砂，厚度2-8米，局部9米，特殊的可达12米。本含水组为潜水或微承压水，地下水埋深在8米以下，分为全淡水区、浅层淡水区和咸水区。第含水组（Q3）本含水组相当于上更新统（Q3），顶板埋深自西向东逐渐加深为20-70米。厚度40-110米，含水层岩性以粗砂、中砂为主，局部有砾石，结构均匀松散，富水性较好，单层厚度2-8米，累计厚度10-15米，可单独成井。含水层自西向东颗粒由粗变细，单井涌水量由大变小，一般为8-16 m3/h.m。第含水组（Q2）第含水组为冲洪积及湖积形成，地下水为承压水。含水组顶板埋深自西向东逐渐加厚加深为60-180米，厚度120-200米，大部分都在200米左右，县城附近厚达300米，含水层岩性以中、细砂向中、粉细砂过度，由西向东颗粒变细，共分布有3-5层，单层厚度2-9米，一般为5米，呈半固结状态，单井涌水量5.1-20.25 m3/h.m。本含水层虽富水性较强，但补给条件差，大量开采将会引起地下水位下降。第含水组（Q1）第含水组为冲洪积及湖积形成，多呈半岩化状态，地下水系深层承压水，埋深自西向东加深，顶板埋深为180-380米，该层厚度一般在100米左右，其中有3-5层含水层，主要岩性为中砂及粗、细砂，单层5-15米，有的呈透镜体状分布。2降水资料分析计算2.1 降水资料 以观测降水站资料质量较好、系列较长、面上分布均匀且能反映地形变化影响等条件为原则。共选出实测年数大于或等于41年的分析雨量站8站，分别为张庄桥雨量站、成安雨量站、武安雨量站、木鼻雨量站、淑村雨量站、临洺关雨量站、莲花口雨量站和肥乡雨量站。2.2 资料收集 选用的降水资料主要来源于历年整编后的“水文年鉴”。2.3 资料系列 这次水资源评价计算，降水资料采用19562005年50年资料系列。全县选用资料总数为400站年，其中实测的378站年，占总数的94.5%，插补延长的22站年，仅占总数的5.5%。其中各站实测系列为木鼻49年、成安50年、肥乡45年、临漳50年、魏县50年、广平50年。由此可见，6个测站的实测资料系列都在40年以上，具有很好的代表性。选用雨量站资料可见下表。表2-1 邯郸市境内选用雨量站19562000年历年降水量统计表 站名 年份木鼻（mm）成安(mm)肥乡(mm)临漳(mm)魏县(mm)广平(mm)1956706.9753.4789.4919.0794.81957361.4378.0480.3561.4470.01958728.0750.0763.4822.5740.01959654.4637.3600.0560.0560.01960481.1490.0558.8660.1560.01961599.8600.0376.6630.0670.0640.01962412.1437.5427.3443.5573.4490.019631145.71317.01035.91390.61006.51071.81964701.8761.5961.9789.1710.9700.81965185.1268.5248.2227.2281.5261.01966306.7476.0437.5409.8413.9368.91967391.9451.0426.4456.5453.0423.01968363.7440.0461.3412.7425.0245.71969562.5647.0547.7593.6698.0609.01970292.6382.0405.3396.3556.9548.91971491.5505.0494.5499.5513.1532.81972429.2415.0397.6491.1465.4442.01973710.4745.0734.0734.1544.9670.4续表2-1 站名 年份木鼻（mm）成安(mm)肥乡(mm)临漳(mm)魏县(mm)广平(mm)1974485.4541.6463.4507.0473.4421.01975515.5500.2495.7657.0577.3514.01976691.3537.1604.8564.5538.3553.31977620.5551.3506.9444.3793.8749.41978478.0289.5292.9529.5269.3294.01979372.6428.5503.0383.4448.5442.41980414.2509.6533.9671.9540.9554.11981306.0364.7399.6351.8421.0432.01982896.5537.9522.4534.1422.9457.11983535.2632.2561.4695.4550.7603.11984560.0628.9561.4583.4672.7613.61985538.4587.1530.7676.5560.2590.41986188.0224.4349.4351.6357.5271.41987681.0577.6593.4551.0584.8501.71988332.7367.9354.9480.6505.1414.91989517.6550.6704.3503.0477.6701.01990631.4806.4715.7701.3794.2838.31991466.2340.1440.6332.6427.4451.31992351.3224.2264.8371.4238.3225.01993682.2602.8686.4681.8745.4614.01994589.7534.0535.1508.5643.8501.61995504.4380.1443.7416.8422.5482.41996513.4664.1699.2633.1526.9526.61997287.3320.1335.0360.3304.1288.61998572.2694.5645.9645.6530.6657.21999355.1519.5379.9380.3383.4390.12000844.5914.7842.3973.8796.0705.52001356.2341365.4473.8493.7426.12002281.0 354.2293.4339.5391.1373.92003612.7687.5747806.3737.7724.72004420.9437.3389.8488.8453.7375.42005492431.1547.6635494.72.4 资料的插补延长为提高降水资料系列的代表性，减少抽样误差，提高统计参数的精度，对某些个别年份缺测活是资料缺乏的雨量站，根据具体情况进行了插补延长，插补延长主要采用了水文比拟法。水文比拟法就是将参证流域的水文资料移置到设计流域上来的一种方法。这种移置是以设计流域影响径流的各项因素，与参证流域影响径流的各项因素相似为前提。因此，使用本方法最关键的问题在于选择恰当的参证流域。参证流域应具有较长的实测径流资料系列，其主要影响因素与设计流域相近，可通过历史上旱涝灾情调查和气候成因分析，说明气候条件的一致性，并通过流域查勘及有关地理、地质资料，论证下垫面情况的相似性，流域面积也不宜相差太大。例如对缺乏实测径流资料地区进行灌溉规划时，首先应对当地历史上发生过的旱灾进行调查，详情了解最近30多年的受旱年份及其灾情程度，同时搜集本地区或附近的降雨资料，对旱灾情况进行分析，从而明确最干旱年份、次旱年份。而后根据灌区的自然条件，经济状况及当地对解决旱灾的要求程度，确定其中某一旱年份作为规划灌溉工程的实际代表年。实际干旱代表年确定后，就要计算该年的年、月径流过程。可将选择好的参证流域的年、月径流资料用水文比拟法移置到设计流域上来。本次设计使用该方法时考虑雨量修正。当设计流域与参证流域的自然地理情况相近，但降雨量情况有较大差别时，不能直接移置径流深，可假定两流域系数与相等，即，则可通过雨量修正求得。即： （21）表2-2 邯郸市境内选用雨量站19562000年历年降水量统计表站名 年份木鼻（mm）成安(mm)肥乡(mm)临漳(mm)魏县(mm)广平(mm)1956706.9753.4760.8789.4919.0794.81957361.4378.0381.7480.3561.4470.01958728.0750.0757.4763.4822.5740.01959654.4637.3643.6600.0560.0560.01960481.1490.0494.8558.8660.1560.01961599.8600.0376.6630.0670.0640.01962412.1437.5427.3443.5573.4490.019631145.71317.01035.91390.61006.51071.81964701.8761.5961.9789.1710.9700.81965185.1268.5248.2227.2281.5261.01966306.7476.0437.5409.8413.9368.91967391.9451.0426.4456.5453.0423.01968363.7440.0461.3412.7425.0245.71969562.5647.0547.7593.6698.0609.01970292.6382.0405.3396.3556.9548.91971491.5505.0494.5499.5513.1532.81972429.2415.0397.6491.1465.4442.0续表2-2站名 年份木鼻（mm）成安(mm)肥乡(mm)临漳(mm)魏县(mm)广平(mm)1973710.4745.0734.0734.1544.9670.41974485.4541.6463.4507.0473.4421.01975515.5500.2495.7657.0577.3514.01976691.3537.1604.8564.5538.3553.31977620.5551.3506.9444.3793.8749.41978478.0289.5292.9529.5269.3294.01979372.6428.5503.0383.4448.5442.41980414.2509.6533.9671.9540.9554.11981306.0364.7399.6351.8421.0432.01982896.5537.9522.4534.1422.9457.11983535.2632.2561.4695.4550.7603.11984560.0628.9561.4583.4672.7613.61985538.4587.1530.7676.5560.2590.41986188.0224.4349.4351.6357.5271.41987681.0577.6593.4551.0584