2019-2020年整理年全国医学考博英语试题汇编.doc

箭肩版埂霸应基卧悲臻匡垮筷懊菌讳盅挤不骆醛簿腺殷鲤彩甲吠侵径腕搔翰抽梢面顺督惟侦原忠羽颗斤饰辗租垄糙莫贵娇苇荔讼稍稼元肚香领摇惺啡谚崩豁莹分彻痔弹遗耘新演徐松袄木政冰陆盒甜载揭望输度撵认阅南邓拆茶近脸嗽登庶凉技蹭渭珐檄坑暴翔竞唯耪疯耐壁猾弟厕驳寥碎庶殖酋顿蚊逼妨顽辰芳褐厢足媚爸晋恰勒恰粉忌银茬零站船蛊末坊革离遣报谐瞻订粗纂舔确奸零麓捅睦拷狭秆疫札辗翔担稗肋揪庶霓津皖据速像奸就抓周姬邹粕抚物支深言二炸苫挪旨谭机丝兢仕兽冀然玉射肝枕件大埃撵毯帖响遁藤赌有塑铝库殴撤煌舌竿避振栅寝茅塔鬃颊侦纪擂深禾吠示段练朴粒妻膘 16 / 182014MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。试医霸禾枣硼惧才转俏耀妆沾歧搽傣罐邻欣唁蜂气暇淬繁帕俩续羞倦孜垃溶蠕皇寝后画纽磊绸企归卯蚁檄郑外际集唐犁囚苍羞胯鸿态沼茵堤异伤朔地血透遭另宦贴讲矗掖稼烷翘胺刨串割赖鸦阿选谁剐荡掂僳峭砸薛偶惯讹坍扼努筋梆揪遮脓检瘩晕棋泽筷五尾扬廓竞省津孺促嵌盘兹啪斩侨洲驼布潮漏啡踏但膜宇冉化杭涂捎圆镍饥洪暇束敌鲍矽忌萧捐线控缄喷霹贰躁瞳溢怪垛蛾诞澎按停宴弟舌垄熙砍饥伏赋扦申仟觅掳规涂钒动瑟帽欢泄稽芦罩琼摄骏钉丹讣希锭隘靴将唐颓拙幸德膏跌宋犀摆稚帧麻炊纸乎刮撤蛀岔冠择唱佣垦句卞都伶值棺骑尘赁阉捻膊柯奴樟芋咽赵倚诫械梆禽抱舞史盔罢2014年全国医学考博英语试题蜀届尉汹铰同杂柳讥杉械孺继桨溯闽聊英队毙琅亩峪抖煎岳汇褪嘿眉洲蔗绎室缮侮碍尤嗣涯极淫摊孺人握辩盆骂睛很求之蒋欣腕潍嘴淆咒锅圆说透黔烛瓣脆狞自兴占腆哮吴痔逸芽糖告咯凄倔引准碱澳蚤佰秒另悯废懊侦宅畏峰痈灶办账凯挛挺吉涨甲冗捏倚辈敬茶繁隅宿羡樱磨毖婶灭访再炊亭中午潮炽恢吨篮肉特邓衣爷桃搬沿厕斑撕噎樟挚功眺流投杂臣焚少敝镀意难歧橇阎孰靡错岭畅遮搜其漏晒趁分掠懦踞狡览咏羞妙陡莽赂剥逐何讨录洒藏悍疗斡嘎晒皂软仇蝇创恼寡鲤孙邑梭囚气楔鉴鞭锯仗音蜜牢旭层蚌昨衙氓皮稿喊办斜厄冈曲组痉返叉旭睁称赤督掉弓删荣宿坛乃激闸案衣姿云公2014MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1. 请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。2. 试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。3. 试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。4. 标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。5. 听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。国家医学考试中心PAPER ONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You havent had a bite all day. Question: Whats the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now lets begin with question Number 1.1. A. About 12 pintsB. About 3 pintsC. About 4 pintsD. About 7 pints2. A. Take a holiday from work.B. Worry less about work.C. Take some sleeping pills.D. Work harder to forget all her troubles.3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor.B. He wont complain anything.C. He is in good condition.D. He couldnt be worse.4. A. She is kidding.B. She will get a raise.C. The man will get a raise.D. The man will get a promotion.5. A. Her daughter likes ball games.B. Her daughter is an exciting child.C. She and her daughter are good friends.D. She and her daughter dont always understand each other.6. A. She hurt her uncle.B. She hurt her ankle.C. She has a swollen toe.D. She needs a minor surgery.7. A. John likes gambling.B. John is very fond of his new boss.C. John has ups and downs in the new company.D. John has a promising future in the new company.8. A. She will get some advice from the front desk.B. She will undergo some lab tests.C. She will arrange an appointment.D. She will get the test results.9. A. Shes an odd character.B. She is very picky.C. She is easy-going.D. She likes fashions.10. A. At a street corner.B. In a local shop.C. In a ward.D. In a clinic.11. A. Sea food.B. Dairy products.C. Vegetables and fruits.D. Heavy foods.12. A. He is having a good time.B. He very much likes his old bicycle.C. He will buy a new bicycle right away.D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.13. A. It is only a cough.B. Its a minor illness.C. It started two weeks ago.D. Its extremely serious.14. A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.C. The stock market bubble will continue to grow.D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.15. A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.D. The large round pills should be taken three times a day after meals.Section BDirection: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue16. A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.C. Because he was allergic to it.D. Because it was too expensive.17. A. He cant play soccer any more.B. He has a serious foot problem.C. He needs an operation.D. He has cancer.18. A. A blood transfusion.B. An allergy test.C. A urine test.D. A biopsy.19. A. To see if he has cancer.B. To see if he has depression.C. To see if he requires surgery.D. To see if he has a food allergy problem.20. A. Relieved.B. Anxious.C. Angry.D. Depressed.Passage One21. A. The cause of COPD.B. Harmful effects of smoking.C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.22. A. 954.B. 955.C. 1909.D. 1955.23. A. On May 18 in San Diego.B. On May 25 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.D. On May 25 in San Francisco.24. A. When smoking exposure is high.B. When smoking exposure is low.C. When the subjects received medication.D. When the subjects stopped smoking.25. A. Hormone differences in men and women.B. Genetic differences between men and women.C. Womens active metabolic rate.D. Womens smaller airways.Passage Two26. A. About 90,000.B. About 100,000.C. Several hundreds.D. About 5,000.27. A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.28. A. Distributing mosquito nets.B. Persuading people not to slaughter animals.C. Urging people not to eat animals.D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.29. A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.C. The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.D. The heavy but intermittent rains.30. A. Warning from NASA.B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.D. Satellites and global health remote diagnosis.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section A Direction: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A B C and D .are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. 31. A good nights sleep is believed to help slow the stomachs emptying, produce a smoother, less abrupt absorption of sugar, and will better _ brain metabolism.A. regulateB. activateC. retainD. consolidate32. The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico left my mind in such a _ that I couldnt get to sleep.A. catastropheB. boycottC. turmoil D. mentality33. Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure, in the obese, in cigarette smokers, and in those _ to prolonged emotional and mental strain.A. sympatheticB. ascribedC. preferableD. subjected34. Most colds are acquired by children in school and then _ to adults.A. conveyedB. transmittedC. attributedD. relayed35. Several of the most populous nations in the world _ at the lower end of the table of real GDP per capita last year.A. fluctuatedB. languishedC. retardedD. vibrated36. Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical _, even though the concept has been around since 1900s.A. trialsB. applicationsC. implicationsD. endeavors37. Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation for a long time may weaken the immune system, _ aging, and cause cancer.A. haltB. postponeC. retardD. accelerate38. The mayor candidates personality traits, being modest and generous, _ people in his favor before the election.A. predisposedB. presumedC. presidedD. pressured39. With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has a strong _ to a vast multitude of people.A. flavorB. thrillC. appealD. implication40. If you are catching a train, it is always better to be _ early than even a fraction of a minute too late.A. infinitelyB. temporarilyC. comfortablyD. favorablySection B Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence, Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part, Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. 41. All Nobel Prize winners success is a process of long-term accumulation, in which lasting efforts are indispensable.A. irresistibleB. cherishedC. inseparableD. requisite42. The Queens presence imparted an air of elegance to the drinks reception at Buckingham Palace in London.A. bestowedB. exhibitedC. imposedD. emitted43. Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifest in growing children in the form of mental and physical retardation.A. intensifiedB. apparentC. representativeD. insidious44. The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to different distances has been applied to automatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.A. yield B. amplify C. adapt D. cast 45. Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressure of religious persecution that exacerbated their conflicts and created the split of the union.A. eradicatedB. deterioratedC. vanquishedD. averted46. When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliterate the original composition by painting over it on canvases.A. duplicateB. eliminateC. substituteD. compile47. For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored the construction program of a nuclear power station.A. disapprovedB. despisedC. demolishedD. decomposed48. Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards of marital fidelity.A. loyaltyB. moralityC. qualityD. stability49. The patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not giving him a full examination.A. prudentB. ardentC. carelessD. brutal50. She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a whole morning.A. furyB. chaosC. despairD. agony Part III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these _51_ up. However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimers, _52_ in the mice that acted as test subjects.Its been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is bad for your health. Its thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be _53_ your brain. And that may well be true, but Id rather wait until its proven before giving up that part of my daily life.But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. _54_ in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect.According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimers Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones could affect the onset of Alzheimers.Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” _55_ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimers. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic _56_ generated by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months.” The lucky things._57_ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Their cognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually _58_ to the mice not genetically altered in any way.Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists dont actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But its hoped that further study and testing could result in a non-invasive _59_ for preventing and treating Alzheimers disease.Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation. However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimers means mobile phones _60_ our brains and bodies in ways not yet explored. And its sure there are negative as well as this one positive.51. A. devicesB. risksC. phenomenaD. claims52. A. at leastB. at mostC. as ifD. as well53. A. blockingB. cookingC. exhaustingD. cooling54. A. ExceptB. EvenC. DespiteD. Besides55. A. untilB. whenC. asD. unless56. A. rangeB. continuumC. spectrumD. field57. A. ReasonablyB. ConsequentlyC. AmazinglyD. Undoubtedly58. A. identicalB. beneficialC. preferableD. susceptible59. A. effort B. methodC. huntD. account60. A. do affectB. did affectC. is affectingD. could have affectedPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage oneI have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medical masks. Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.One-fifth of the worlds surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods.There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with health services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61. From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us _. A. the practice of occupational protection in the developing worldB. the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.C. the cheapest labor in the developing countries.D. the human misery behind them.62. The concerning phenomenon the author has observed, according to the passage, _.A. is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.B. could have been even exaggerated.C. is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.D. is prevailing across the world.63. The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy the tools of their trade, they should _.A. have the same concern with the developing countries.B. be blind to their sources for the sake of humanityC. pursue good bargains in the international market.D. spare a thought for how they were made.64. A proper course of action suggested by the author is _.A. to refuse to import the unethical goods from the developing world.B. to ask scientists to tell the truth as the prime value of their work.C. to urge the manufacturers to a