pets5_填空题_12页.doc

（一）The most obvious purpose of advertising is to inform the consumer of available products or servicesThe second (31)is to sell the productThe second purpose might be more important to the manufacturers than the (32) The manufacturers go beyond only telling consumers about their productsThey also try to persuade customers to buy the(33) by creating a desire(34) itBecause of advertisement，consumers think that they want something that they do not needAfter buying somethin9，the purchaser cannot always explain why it was(35) Even(36) the purchaser probably does not know why he or she bought something，the manufacturers (37)Manufacturers have analyzed the business of(38) and buyin9They know all the different motives that influence a consumers purchase-some rational and(39) emotionalFurthermore，they take advantage of this(40) Why(41) so many products displayed at the checkout counters in grocery stores? The store management has some good(42) By the time the customer is(43) to pay for a purchase，he or she has already made rational，thoughtout decisions(44) what he or she needs and wants to buyThe(45) feels that he or she has done a good job of choosing the itemsThe shopper is especially vulnerable at this pointThe(46) of candy，chewing gum，and magazines are very attractiveThey persuade the purchaser to buy something for emotional，not(47) motivesFor example，the customer neither needs nor plans to buy candybut while the customer is standing，waiting to pay money，he or she may suddenly decide to buy(48) This is exactly(49) the store and the manufacturer hope that the customer will(50) The customer follows his or her plan（二）“Down-to-earth”means someone or something that is honestrealistic and easy to deal withIt is a pleasure to find(31)who is down-to-earthA person who is downto-earth is easy to talk(32) and accepts other people as equalsA down-to-earth person is just the(33) of someone who acts important or proudDown-to-earth persons may be(34) members of society，of courseBut they do not let their importance“(35) to their heads”They do not consider themselves to be better persons than(36) of less importanceSomeone who is filled with his own importance and pride，(37) without cause，is said to have“his nose in the air”There is(38)way a person with his nose in the air can be down-to-earth Americans(39) another expression that means almost the same as“downto-earth”The expression is“bothfeeton-theground”Someone(40) bothfeetonthe-ground is a person with a good understanding(41) realityHe has what is called“common sense，”he may have dreams，(42) he does not allow them to block his knowledge of(43) is real The opposite kind of(44) is one who has his“headin-theclouds”A man with his head-in-theclouds is a dreamer(45) mind is not in the real world (46) ，such a dreamer can be brought back to earthSharp words from teacher can usually(47)a day-dreaming student down-to-earth Usuallyme person who is downto-earth is very(48) to have both feet on the ground(49) we have both our feet on the ground，when we are down-t0earth，we act honestly and openly(50) othersOur lives are like the ground below us，solid and strong（三）Walking-like swimming，bicycling and running-is an aerobic exercise，(31)builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance by increasing the supply of oxygen to skin and musclesSuch exercises may be a primary factor in the(32) 0f heart and circulatory disease As probably the least strenuous，safest aerobic activity，walking is the(33) acceptable exercise for the largest number of peopleWalking(34) comfortable speed improves the efficiency of the cardio respiratory system(35) stimulating the lungs and heart，but at a more gradual rate(36) most other forms of exerciseIn one test，a group of men 40 t0 57 years of age，(37) at a fast pace for 40 minutes four days a week，showed improvement(38) to men the same age on a 30 minute，threedayaweek jogging program in the same periodTheir resting heart rate and body fat decreased(39) These changes suggest(40) of the important-even vital-benefits walking can(41) about Walking(42) burns caloriesIt takes 3，500 calories to gain or(43) 0ne poundSince a onehour walk at a moderate pace will(44) up 300 t0 360 caloriesBy walking one hour every other day，you Can burn up a poundandahalf monthly，or l8 pounds(45) -providing there is no change in your in-take of foodTo(46)weight faster，walk an hour every day and bum up 3 pounds a month，or 36 pounds a year (47) your age，right now is the time to give your physical well-being as much thought as you(48) to pensions or insuranceWalking is a vital defense(49) the ravages of degenerative diseases and agingIt is natures (50) of giving you a tuneup（四）Pollution is a“dirty”wordTo pollute means to contaminate-topsoil or something by introducing impurities which make(31) unfit or unclean to usePollution comes in many formsWe see it，smell it，(32) it，drink it，and stumble through itWe literally lived in and breathe pollution，and(33) surprisingly，it is beginning to(34) our health，our happiness，and our civilization Once we thought of pollution(35) meaning simply the smog-the choking，stinging，dirty(36) that hovers over citiesBut air pollution，while it is(37) the most dangerous，is only one type of contamination among several(38) attack the most basic life functions Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides，man has polluted the land，(39) the wildlifeBy(40) sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes，we have contaminated our(41) waterWe are polluting the oceans，too，killing the fish and(42) depriving ourselves(43) an invaluable food supply Part of the problem is our exploding(44) More and more people are producing more wastesBut this problem is intensified by our“throwaway”technologyEach year Americans(45) of 7 million autos，20 million tons of waste paper，25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cansWe throw away gum wrappers，newspapers，and paper platesIt is no longer wise to(46) anythingToday almost everything is disposable(47) of repairing a toaster or a radi0，it is easier and cheaper to buy another one and discard the old，even(48) 95 percent of its parts may still be functioningBaby diapers，which used to be made of reusable cloth，are now paper throw-awaysSoon we will wear clothing made of(49) ：“Wear it once and throw it away”will be the slogan of the fashionable consciousnessWhere is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump，or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem?(50) ，solutions are in sightA few of them are positively ingenious（五）Impatience characterizes young intellectual workersThey want to make their mark(31) So its important to get(32) to them in a challenging manner the idea(33) big achievements rarely come easily and quicklyPoint out that the little successes are essentialShow that they(34) turn become the foundation on(35) reputations are built and from which mole important tasks can be accomphished A variety of job assignments，including job Or project rotation，also keep a job(36) becoming dullWhereas its natural for some individuals to want to move ahead immediately to more difficult assignments，(37) proper guidance they call continue to learn and to gain versatility by working on a number of jobs that are essentially(38)the same complexityThis way they gain breadth，if not depth Probably the greatest offense to guard(39) when dealing with younger specialists is to reject ideas out of handYou must listen-and listen objectivelyto their suggestionsAvoid(40)0vercriticalYou want to nurture an inquiring mind with a fresh approachYoull frustrate it quickly if you revert too often(41) “Weve tried that before and it wont(42) here” One sure way to disenchant(43) college graduates is flagrantly misusing their talentsExpect them to do some routine work，of courseBut dont make their(44) work just one long series of errandsThis ineludes such breakin assignments(45) performing routine calculations，digging up(46) material，(47) 0perating reproduction equipmentOne large manufacturing company recently interviewed a number of(48) engineers who had left themThe company found that the overwhelming complaint was that the company not only did not offer work that(49) challenging but also expected(50) too little from them in the way of performance（六）Children who grip their pens too close to the writing point are likely to be at a disadvantage in examinations，(31) to the first serious investigation into the way in which writing technique Can dramatically affect educational achievement The survey of 643 children and adults，ranking from pre-school t0 40-plus，also suggests(32) penholding techniques have deteriorated sharply over one generation，with teachers now paying far(33) attention to correct pen grip and handwriting style Stephanie Thomas，a learning support teacher(34)findings have been published，was inspired to investigate this area(35) he noticed that those students who had the most trouble with spelling(36) had a poor pen gripWhile MrThomas could not establish a significant statistical link(37) penholing style and accuracy in spelling，he(38) find huge differences in technique between the young children and the mature adults，and a definite(39) between nearpoint gripping and slow，illegible writing People who(40) their pens at the writing point also show other characteristics(41) inhibit learning，(42) as poor posture，leaning too(43) to the desk，using four fingers to grip the pen(44) than three，and clumsy positioning of the thumb(which can obscure(45)is being written) MrThomas believes that the(46) between elder and younger writers is(47) too dramatic to be accounted for simply by the possibility that people get better at writing as they grow(48) He attributes it to a failure to teach the most effective methods，pointing out that the differences between(49) groups coincides with the abandonment of formal handwriting instruction in classrooms in the sixties“The 30-year- old showed a huge diversity of grips，(50) me over 40s group all had a uniformtripodgrip”（七）psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards，from(31) praise to cold cash，affect motivation and creativityBehaviorists，(32) research the relation(33) actions and their consequences argue that rewards Can improve performance at work and schoolCognitive researchers，who study various aspects of mental life，maintain(34) rewards often destroy creativity(35) encouraging dependence(36) approval and gifts from others The latter view has gained many supporters，especially(37) educatorsBut the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks(38) in grade-school children，suggesting(39) properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness，(40) to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychol-ogy “If kids know theyre working for a(41) and can focus(42)a relatively challenging task，they show the most creativity”，says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark“But itS easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for(43) performance or creating too(44) anticipation for rewards” A teacher(45) continually draws attention to rewards or who hands(46) high grades for ordinary achievement ends up(47) discouraged students，Eisenberger holds(48) an example of the latter point，he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing(49) .In earlier grades，the use of socalled token economies，in(50) students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards，shows promise in raising effort and creativity，the Delaware psychologist claims(八)You may say that the business of marking books is going to slow down your reading. (31 )_probably will. That.s one of the (32)_ for doing it. Most of us have been taken in by the notion lhai speed of 33)_is a measure of our intelligence. There is (34)_such things as the right (35)-for intelligent reading. Some things should be (36)_ quickly and effortlessly, and some should be read(37)_and even laboriously. The sign of intelligence (38)_ reading is the ability to read_differently according to their worth. In the (40)_of good books, the point is not to see how many of them can you get through, (41)_how many can you get through themhow many you can (42)_own. A few friends are (43)_ lhan a thousand acquaintances. If this be your goal, (44)_should be. you will ncx be impalicnt if it takes more lime and effort to read a great book than a news paper (4*)_. You may have another objection to (46)_boolcs. You can*l lend them to your friends(47)_cant I notes.nobody else can rcd them (48)_being disiractcd by your notes. Whats more, you won*i want to lend them bccausc a (49)_copy is a kind of intellectual diary, and (50)_it is almost like giving your mind away. If your friend hopes to read your tell him, gently but firmly，(o buy a copy. You will lend him your car or your coat一but your books arc as much a part of you as your head or your heart. 答案：（一）31purpose【解析】从文中的第一句话“The most obvious purpose”可以看出后面还有别的目的，而不是仅仅有最明显的目的。故答案为purpose。 32first【解析】根据题意，作者想在这里做一个比较，而比较的对象是目的。这里作者仅仅给出了两个目的，所以这里是和第一个目的进行比较。故答案为first。 33production【解析】从前一句话“The manufacturers go beyond only telling consumers about their products”可以看出，一方面广告要介绍自己的产品，而第二个目的就是卖掉自己的产品。所以这里作者想要表达的意思是“广告要使得顾客有一种购买的欲望去购买自己的产品。”故答案为production34for【解析】解析见上题。desire后面用介词for。故答案为for，表示“的欲望”。35bought【解析】本句的前一句话说“顾客认为他们需要一些他们其实不需要的商品。”这就是广告的作用。但是买完之后，“他们却不知道当时为什么买了这种商品。”这里是被动的句式。故答案为bought。 36though【解析】本句话的意思是“尽管知道顾客们可能不知道自己为什么买了这些商品，但是卖家却知道怎么去做。”故答案为though。 37do【解析】解析见上题，为了避免与前面的know重复，这里可以换做do。故答案为do。 38selling【解析】关键是看and后面的buying。本句话的意思是“商家分析市场的供需情况。”故答案为selling。 39some【解析】关键是注意and前后一致。“some rational andemotional”，前面说促使顾客购买的动机有很多，有的是理性的，有的却是冲动。所以这里应该是some。故答案为some。 40knowledge【解析】前面讲商家正确的分析市场的供需信息，知道是什么因素影响顾客的购买欲望。这就是他们利用的信息知识。故答案为knowledge。 41are【解析】分析句子结构，这里缺少系动词be来构成动词的被动形式。故答案为ale。 42reasons【解析】本段的第一句话提出问题，问为什么在结算处摆设了那么多的商品。很明显，后面的文章对这个问题进行回答，并列举了原因。故答案为reasons。 43ready【解析】顾客来到结算处，说明他们准备好了要付账。be ready to的意思是“准备好了做某事”。故答案为ready。 44on【解析】“的决定”英语表达为“decision on sth”这里介词需要用on。故答案为on。 45customer【解析】从这个句子的宾语“that he or she has done a good job of choosing the items”可以看出，这里说的是顾客的行为，他们认为自己买这些商品是很理性的。故答案为customer。 46display【解析】这里要回应本段第一句话中的“displayed”。在出口结算处展示的这些小商品无疑是一种诱惑。这里需要用名词形式。故答案为display。 47rational【解析】从文章的后面可以知道，顾客们已经要结算了，认为都买了该买的商品。但是售货员在他们等着付账的过程中巧妙的利用顾客们的购物冲动向他们推销，而不是理性购物。故答案为rational。 48some 【解析】这里需要填写的是商品的名称，就是说摆在出口结算处的那些小商品。泛指时用some。故答案为some。49what 【解析】这句话的意思是“这就是商家和卖者希望顾客们做的事情”，what引导的是一个表语从句，故答案为what。50do【解析】分析见上题。故答案为do。（二）31someone【解析】由本文的第一句话“Down-to-earthmeans someone or something that is honest，realistic and easy to deal with”可知“Downtoearth”指的是诚实，现实、平易近人的那些人。这里的someone和后面是相对应的。故答案为someone。 32to【解析】talk to的意思是“和某人聊天”，talk这里不及物动词，后面需要接一个介词。在从句中介词不能省略。作者这里要表达的意思是“和那些诚实的平易近人的人聊天是 很惬意的。”故答案为to。 33opposite【解析】从文章第二段的内容可以看出，A downtoearth person和那些表面上装的很重要的人物正好相反。所以这里应填“相反的”，故答案为opposite。34important【解析】从本句后面的一句话可以看出，A downtoearth person就算是重要的人物，他们也不会把这种显赫写在脸上。所以前面应填important。故答案为important。 35go【解析】go to ones heads的意思是“展现、表现”，俗语。用在文中表示“把写在脸上”，生怕别人不知道的显摆。故答案为go。 36those【解析】本句的意思是“他们不认为自己比别的不重要的人更好、更优秀。”这里比较的是downtoearth persons和别人。故答案为those。 37often【解析】本句话的意思是“那些自我感觉很了不起、内心充满骄傲的人，总是不需要理由的就被人认为是趾高气扬的人。”故这里答案为often。 38n0【解析】本句话的意思是“那些趾高气扬的人不可能是那些平易近人的人”。这是否定的意思，故答案为no。 39use【解析】后面的一句话“The expression isbothfeetontheground”表示downtoearth的另一种表达方法是bothfeetontheground。而后一种说法是美国人的用法，常常被美国人使用。故答案为use。 40with【解析】根据对等关系，这里应该与后面的部分“a person with a good understanding”相对应。意思是“那些脚踏实地的人往往是那些很了解现实的人。”故答案为with。41of【解析】“对现实的了解”的英文表达是“the understanding of reality”，这里的介词用of。故答案为of。 42but【解析】这里表达的前后句意是一种转折关系。前面说“he may have dreams，”而后面“he does not allow them to block his knowledge”的意思却是“但是他也不会让这些梦想阻挡自己对什么是现实的理解。”故答案为but。 43what【解析】解析同上。这里是一个名词性从句，what在句中做主语。故答案为what。 44person【解析】本句话的意思是“与此相反的一类人是那些想入非非的人。”根据上下文的要求这里应该填入man的同义词。故答案为person。45whose【解析】这是一个后置定语从句，用whose来引导，表示mind与dreamer的所属关系。故答案为whose。 46Sometime【解析】通过对后面句子的分析，我们可以知道那些想人非非、飘飘欲仙的人有朝一日也是可以“双脚落地的”，那就是“sharp words from teacher”，所以这里表示的是“有朝一日”，故答案为sometime。 47bring【解析】通过前一句话“such a dreamer Can be brought back to earth”中的brought可以知道，这里应该填bring，表示“把带到”。故答案为bring。 481ikely【解析】前面所说的the person who is downtoearth与the person whose both feet on the ground大体是一类人，所以这里表达的意思是“很有可能就是一类人”。be likely to do就表达了这种意思。故答案为likely。 49When【解析】这里的一句话其实与下一半句“when we are downtoearth，”所起到的作用是一样的，同时两者也是并列的，when表达了“当”，所以这里填when。故答案为when。 50toward【解析】作者要表达的意思是“我怎么才能对别人诚实。”英语中表达“对某人”一般是用介词toward。故答案为toward。（三）31which 【解析】此空前一句意为“行走就像游泳、骑自行车和跑步是一种有氧运动”，此空所在句意为“通过增加给皮肤和肌肉的供氧而塑造更大的肺活量和耐力。”由这两句可知，此空应填which，which引导定语从旬，修饰“allaerobic exercise”。 32prevention【解析】本句意为“这样的运动可能是心脏和血液循环疾病的一个主要因素。”显然，此空处应填“防止”。 33most【解析】由本句中的“the least strenuous，safest”可知，此空处应填表示程度的最高级，再由acceptable exercise“接受的运动”可知应填most。 34at【解析】“以舒适的速度行走”用英语说应是“walking at a comfortable speed”，介词应用at。 35by【解析】显然，由本句句意可知此空处应填一个表示