美国文化(含答案).doc

对外经济贸易大学远程教育学院2009-2010学年第一学期美国文化期末考试大纲期末复习大纲本复习大纲适用于本学期(2009-2010学年第一学期)的期末考试。一、期末考试形式、复习范围及重点1. 考试形式美国文化期末考试以开卷考试的形式考查同学们的学习情况。2. 考试范围期末考试考查教材全部内容, 共十二单元, 即Unit1-Unit12。教材：对外经济贸易贸易大学 远程教育系列教材美国文化(American Cultural Heritage) 范悦 编著 对外经济贸易大学出版社3. 复习重点复习内容以教材各单元Section II中的课文为主。在复习时，请同学们认真阅读、理解和掌握课文讲解部分, 即教材每单元Section II：Text所涉及的全部内容。二、期末考试题型 本次期末考试分为以下两种题型：1. 单项选择题 (40%)这部分测试大家对教材十二个单元 (Unit 1- Unit 12) 有关美国文化各相关主题基本知识点的掌握情况。关于这部分的复习，请大家认真阅读、理解和掌握Unit 1- Unit 12各单元Section II所涉及的全部内容。单项选择题共二十道，每单元一至三道题。题目按教材各单元的顺序依次排列，以方便同学们查找和复习相关内容。每道题的句子皆出自Section II的原文，所以请大家复习时要通读Section II的所有文章，注意上下文的意思，不要断章取义，否则答题时无法选出正确的答案。2. 判断题 (60%)这部分考查大家对教材课文要点的理解情况。由于期中考试测试了同学们对教材前六单元（即Unit 1-Unit 6）课文的理解情况，请同学们准备期末考试判断题部分时，仅复习教材后六单元 (即Unit 7- Unit 12)的课文。请大家仔细阅读教材后六单元Section II的所有文章。判断题共三十道, 按教材各单元的顺序依次排列，同学们可以通过每道题的关键词很快查找到其出现的相关单元。每道题都紧扣教材原文或在原文基础上略做改动，大家阅读原文后不难判断句子的对错。三、期末考试复习要求由于期末作业题全部紧扣教材各单元Section II的原文，请大家复习时集中精力认真阅读和理解教材原文。如在理解各单元Section II的原文中有具体问题，请大家通过答疑信箱提问。期末复习思考题以下复习思考题适用于本学期(2009-2010学年第一学期)的期末考试。所列题目为期末考试的模拟题，由于题目都紧扣教材原文或在原文基础上略做改动，故不提供答案。I. 单项选择题 1. Many political and social issues in the United States are _ and for which there is no absolute right and wrong. A. competitive B. conflicting C. competing D. controversial 2. Countercultures are groups of people whose values reject the _ wisdom and standards of behavior of the majority and provide alternatives to mainstream culture. A. popular B. mass C. common D. conventional 3. _ are broad cultural principles embodying ideas about what most people in a society consider to be desirable. A. Traditions B. Beliefs C. Values D. Customs 4. Countercultures are groups of people whose values reject the conventional wisdom and standards of behavior of the majority and provide alternatives to _ culture. A. traditional B. mainstream C. popular D. mass5. The United States _ Alaska and Hawaii stretches across central North America from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west, and from Canada on the north to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south.A. includes B. including C. excluding D. excludes6. Philadelphia is important in American history, because the Declaration of Independence and the _ of the United States were born here. A. Articles of Confederation B. Constitution C. Congress D. Senate7. One group of Puritans, called the “Pilgrims,” crossed the Atlantic in the ship _ and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. A. Queen Mary B. Queen Victoria C. Mayflower D. King George8. In 1607 the London Company set up the first successful English colony at Jamestown in what is now southern _. A. Georgia B. Massachusetts C. Plymouth D. Virginia9. In the _ period, the Puritans introduced two practices that still influence American education: compulsory education for all children, and public taxation for schools.A. colony B. colonized C. Colonial D. colonist10. On April 19, 1775, the British soldiers confronted the colonists at _, which marked the beginning of the Revolutionary War. A. Philadelphia B. New York C. Boston D. Lexington 11. In 1776 _ published Common Sense, which sold about 100,000 copies in three months and greatly influenced colonial opinion toward independence.A. Thomas Jefferson B. James Madison C. Thomas Paine D. John Adams12. In the early years of the nation, Americans felt that they had a _ missionto make their unique political system, economic structure, and social values a model for the world to follow.A. divine B. noble C. sacred D. religious13. In the early years of the nation, Americans felt that they had a divine mission _ Destiny to make their unique political, economic and social system a model for the rest of the world to follow. A. Holy B. Majestic C. Godly D. Manifest14. The Baptists, divided into 20 groups, are currently the largest _ denomination in America.A. Christian B. Eastern Orthodox C. Catholic D. Protestant 15. More than 50 million Americans are of the Roman _ faith, and the majority of them are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland.A. Orthodox B. Puritan C. Protestant D. Catholic16. _ believe that accounts of creation, miracles and everything else in the Bible are the literal truth, and that salvation comes only through a personal relationship with Jesus Christ.A. Catholics B. Protestants C. Evangelicals D. Christians17. From the very beginning as a nation, American people enjoyed complete religious freedom guaranteed _ the Constitution.A. with B. by C. to D. from18. The development of American education was greatly influenced by the _ who believed that every child should be educated so that he could read the Bible.A. Protestants B. Catholics C. Puritans D. Christians19. From the very beginning as a nation, American people enjoyed complete _ freedom guaranteed by the Constitution. A. social B. economic C. political D. religious 20. In the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision of 1954, Chief Justice Earl Warren ruled that the separate but equal doctrine had _ place in Americas public educational structure and that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.A. any B. not C. no D. a 21. In 1852, _ passed the first compulsory education law in the United States.A. Georgia B. Virginia C. Maine D. Massachusetts22. About 93 percent of the school revenue in the United States comes from the local level, _ from property taxes.A. probably B. practically C. particularly D. primarily23. With the Civil Rights movement and the Womens Liberation movement in the 1960s and 1970s, colleges also increased enrollment of women and _ students. A. Asian B. African American C. Indian D. minority24. Perhaps the most controversial measure taken to achieve school _ in America has been by busing students to schools outside their local neighborhoods.A. performance B. integration C. unity D. integrity25. The “land grant” colleges created by the Morrill Act in 1862 originally emphasized agriculture and mechanics, but over time they broadened their offerings to include liberal arts, sciences, _, and professional courses. A. humanities B. humanity C. humanitarians D. humanitarian26. Many of the Founding Fathers _the “republic of science” notion in Europe.A. enrolled B. enriched C. enlarged D. endorsed27. American scientists were very much involved in everyday affairs and stressed the _ side of science and linked their scientific discoveries closely to technological developments. A. theoretical B. social C. pragmatic D. economic28. Earth First a radical environmental organization founded by Dave Foreman, use extreme tactics to _ those who abuse the environment.A. destroy B. punish C. confront D. conflict29. The development of _ technology has created a media age in America, in which communication is instantaneous and the news is omnipresent. A. electronic B. news C. information D. transmission30. The first significant role the press played in the United States is that of a signaleralerting the public_ important developments as soon as possible after they happen.A. by B. of C. with D. to31. The objective and unbiased approach of the New York Times _to educated readers particularly, and by the early 20th century it had acquired a reputation as the countrys best newspaper.A. appealed B. attracted C. addressed D. applied32. Some magazines such as Readers Digest, Ladys Home Journal, etc. that _ Americans increasing leisure time and appetite for consumer goods have won the largest readership.A. satisfied B. catered to C. motivated D. created33. The early American press was tied to the political parties and the news they printed was just a form of party _.A. policy B. promotion C. propaganda D. debate34. _ businesses are highly responsive companies and can handle chores that people would automatically have done for themselves even a decade ago. A. Local B. Petty C. Mini D. Small35. The American government guides private businesses by regulating the _and consumption of their goods and services. A. sale B. distribution C. transportation D. transport36. Because of its _nature, no one knows the exact size of the underground economy. A. subversive B. subterranean C. mysterious D. hidden37. To avoid taxes, many Americans _their income every year.A. uncover B. hide C. underreport D. enclose38. In the 1930s, Indian tribes were urged to legally incorporate, to adopt a _ form of constitutional government, and to establish business enterprise.A. moderate B. rectified C. modified D. simplified39. When the need for Chinese labor declined in the late nineteenth century, _ workers viewed Chinese immigrants as competitors for scarce jobs.A. white B. black C. Mexican D. union40. About three-fourth Native Americans live in or very near to _, mostly located in the West.A. natural parks B. reservations C. mountains D. plains41. As more European immigrants arrived, they began to regard the _ Americans with their land and population as obstacles to their westward expansion. A. Mexican B. Aboriginal C. Native D. African42. In _, when the first U.S. census was taken, 78 percent of the population claimed descent from England, Scotland, or Wales. A. 1770 B. 1780 C. 1776 D. 179043. In 1924, _ passed the Immigration Act and established immigration quotas based on country of origin. A. the Supreme Court B. the House C. Congress D. the Senate44. The term Hispanic Americans refers to Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and other groups from Central and South American countries that have a Spanish _.A. ancestry B. language C. culture D. heritage45. After the end of World War II, the American government finally recognized the injustice of the _ of the Japanese Americans during the war and made amends. A. punishment B. mistreatment C. internment D. cruelty46. The term Hispanic Americans refers to Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and other groups from Central and South American countries that have a _ heritage.A. Spanish B. English C. Mexican D. Latin47. Today, in the minds of most Americans, the American family has meant _ family, consisting of parents and their children who live apart from other kin.A. an extended B. a nuclear C. a small D. a modern48. The increase in the _ rate has led to the creation of the blended family, in which at least one member of the adult couple is a stepparent. A. marriage B. remarriage C. divorce D. both A and B49. In 1993, the Clinton _ passed the Family and Medical Leave Act to relieve the stress among dual-employed couples.A. administration B. cabinet C. Congress D. office50. As the prevalence of _abuse has come to be more widely known, the government has taken steps to alleviate the problem.A. marital B. domestic C. spouse D. family51. Congress can _a presidential veto of its legislationA. override B. overwhelm C. overthrow D. overcome52. Congress can _and remove a president in the United States.A. accuse B. sue C. impeach D. charge53. Each branch of the American government can check the action of another and sometimes all branches work together to reach _.A. a decision B. a compromise C. an agreement D. a solution54. The distribution of electoral votes among the states _every ten years depending on the results of the U.S. Census.A. moves B. increases C. varies D. fluctuates55. Of the various _ agencies in America, the CIA is the most prominent.A. secret B. intelligence C. information D. espionage56. President Bill Clinton took great pains to strengthen Sino-U.S. ties during his eight years in the White House. And on September 19, 2000, Congress _ permanent normal trade status for China.A. allowed B. admitted C. approved D. accepted57. The Department of State, as a _ organization helps make, execute and monitor American foreign policy throughout the world. A. military B. legislative C. diplomatic D. executive58. _ supplied a focus to American foreign policy in the Cold War era.A. Confrontation B. Competition C. Containment D. Confinement59. To uproot terrorism in the Middle East, the United States has been trying to broker a permanent peace settlement between _ and the Arab states. A. Israel B. Iraq C. Kuwait D. Afghanistan60. The United States established full diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of China during the _ administration. A. Reagan B. Carter C. Kennedy D. NixonII. 判断题61. At the end of the 19th century, a new style of reporting “objective journalism” emerged as a way of building up circulation.62. To many American readers, the most entertaining part of the newspaper is the comic strip.63. The United States has a national press or newspaper such as The New York Times with a mass national circulation like The Times and The Daily Telegraph in Britain or the leading papers in other countries.64. The employment distribution in the United States has dramatically switched from blue-collar in the direction of white-collar work.65. In practice, the current form of economy in the United States is a free market economy, in which private enterprises and state-owned businesses compete and operate without the limits set by the government.66. Temporary or contingent workers refer to those who are hired by companies on a part-time, short-term, or contract basis to replace full-time employees.67. “Baby boomers” refer to the generation of Americans who were born between the close of World War II and 1964.68. The manufacturing sector has remained the backbone of the American economy since the end of the Second World War.69. With more and more women and immigrants joining the labor market, white American men will no longer dominate the business world.70. Recently American businesses have become more competitive by hiring many new workers and enlarging their companies.71. In the 21st century white Americans will remain the largest share of the increase in the American workforce.72. Of the hundreds of thousands of businesses and tens of thousands of corporations in America, a mere 500 popularly known as the Wealth 500 dominate the economy.73. Today, white Americans are no longer a numerical majority of the population.74. Generally speaking, western European immigrants are more readily merged into the rest of American society than nonwhite ethnic groups, such as Asians or Hispanics who are more likely to retain the language and the customs of their original culture.75. The Catholic Americans have dominated the American political, economic system and social values for many centuries.76. No minority group has suffered more at the hands of the dominant white population in the United States than the Hispanic Americans.77. The term WASPs stands for White Anglican-Saxon Protestants.78. African Americans have been called the “model minority” in the United States due to their success in education and business.79. In 1882 the American government passed the Japanese Exclusion Act that prohibited the entry of Japanese immigrants into the United States for ten years.80. After the Civil War, African-Americans in the South lived in a social system where many continued to be second-class citizens.81. In 1984, Jesse Jackson, a black leader became the first African American to run for president of the United States.82. After the Civil Rights movement, African Americans have made remarkable progress, especially in the political arena.83. Since the 1970s, the civil rights legislation and other government programs have broadened the gap between whites and blacks in terms of income, average years of schooling, and employment.84. After the Reconstruction period, Southern whites regained control of major political and economic institutions.85. The Civil Rights demonstrations of the 1930s led to the eventual passage of laws to protect the rights of black Americans.86. After the Reconstruction period, the practice of “Jim Crow” laws a set of legal and traditional discriminatory practices barred blacks from voting, using public facilities, attending schools with whites, and associating with whites.87. Black unemployment rate in the 1990s were the same as that of white unemployment.88. Currently, Puerto Ricans are the largest Hispanic group in the United States.89. The earliest Asian arrivals to the United States were the Chinese, who began immigrating to California during the Gold Rush of 1849.90. One of the most prominent black leaders during the Civil Rights movement was Martin Luther King, Jr., who used the nonviolent strategycivil obedience to break down segregation in the South.91. Curren