水文专业术语.doc

水文频率分析 hydrologic frequency analysis防洪标准 criterion of flood control库调洪计算 reservoir routing排灌用泵 irrigation and drainage pump圣维南方程组 de Saint-Venant system of equations水流连续性方程 continuity equation of water flow水流能量方程 energy equation of flow明渠恒定均匀流 steady uniform flow in open channel明渠恒定非均匀流 steady non-uniform flow in open channel河槽形势 river channel feature河口水流 current in estuaries河口泥沙运动 sediment movement in estuaries河口治理improvement of estuary 流域产沙 sediment yield in a basin水流的紊动混合 turbulent mixing in flowing water泥沙测验 sediment measurement水面蒸发 evaporation from water surface流域总蒸发 total evaporation水文资料 hydrologic data历史洪水 historical flood水文估计量的抽样误差 sampling error of hydrologic estimator水文随机变量 hydrologic random variable水文时间序列分析 analysis of hydrologic time series承压水 confined groundwater 承压水(confined groundwater 流域规划watershed planning河流补给fee* of a river 汇流 runoff concentration 水位观测 stage measurement水文计算hydrological computation水文预报hydrologic forecasting流域 watershed,catchment，river drainage basin渗透 infiltrate再补充 replenish饱和带 saturate zone综合单位线 synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线 instantaneous unit hydrograph滞时 lag time雨量计图 hyetograph强暴雨 intense storm溢洪道 spillway泄洪道 floodway河道流量，河川径流 stream flow地形 topography降雨，降水 precipitation引水量 intake分流 diversion滞洪区域 detention basin闸门 gate输水管，管道 conduit堰顶 crest库容与水位关系曲线 storage capacity versus elevation curve坝址 dam site出流 outflow退水曲线 recession curve消力池，静水池 stilling basin耗水（量） cinsumptive use子流域 subbasin腾发（量） evapotraspiration蒸腾（量） transpiration回归水 return flow漫灌，淹灌 floo*阵雨 shower地下水位 water table（土壤）质地 texture枯萎 wilt源头 headwater不透水层 water-impermeable layer持水力 retention入渗，渗透 infiltration水力传导度 hydraulic conductivity孔隙率 porosity含水层 aquifer滞水层 aquiclude补充，回灌 replention渗水，渗漏 seepage包气带 aeration隔水层，弱透水层 aquitard潜水含水层 unconfined aquitfer承压含水层 cinfined aquitfer贮水系数 coefficient of storage导水系数 transmissivity渗透系数 permeability地表排水 surface-drainage地下排水 subsurface-drainage小排放量的河槽 low-capacity-disposal channel蓄水，积水 pon*沟槽，排水沟 ditch堤，堤防 levee涵洞，排水道 culvert翻板闸门 flapgate排入水流 indraining stream截水沟 interceptor drain蓄水，拦蓄 impoundment淹没 inundation洪峰，洪峰流量 peak flood flow降雨强度 rainfall intensity死库容 inactive storage capacity有效库容 active storage capacity单位势能 specific potential energy动能 linetic energy水头差 cross-head水系，河道 watercourse引水 divert排放，放水 discharge建筑物 arrangement输水系统，输水管线 conveyyance system出水口，泄水孔