山大考博英语2014-2010.docx

2014山大考博英语2014-04-07语法词汇题比较难，30个单选题，一个0.5分，基本上是考查词意的完型题20个，一个0.5分，01年考研真题阅读理解4篇，每个题1.5分，30分，都是六级和考研原题（最近两年阅读没出专八题）7选5，共10分，关于奥巴马的英译汉五个，一个3分，长句子翻译比较难，费得时间比较长作文20分，关于children surfing the net2013山大考博英语Part I Grammar and Vocabulary1. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for deferments.A. at large B. at intervals C. at ease D. at random2. When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure_ to carrying your money in cash.A. substitute B. selection C. inference D. alternative3. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a character.A. gracious B. suspicious C. unique D. particular4. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this_produces artificial cold surrounding it.A. absorption B. transition C. consumption D. interaction5. Language, culture, and personality may be considered_of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.A. Indistinctly B. separately C. irrelevantly D. independently6. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th_the birth of Jesus Christ.A. in accordance with B. in terms of C. in favor of D. in honor of7. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must _the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand.A. improve B. enhance C. guarantee D. gear8. To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed _and means of packing.A. specimens B. inspections C. samples D. specifications9. Many of the conditions that _population pressures - overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness - lead to dissatisfaction.A. bring forward B. give rise to C. feed up with D. result from10. Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily_for a month or a year as for a single day.A. put up B. stay up C. speed up D. make up11. The fact that the earths surface heats_provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.A. infrequently B. irregularly C. unsteadily D. uneverny12. If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird _a set of actions to protect its offspring.A. hastens B. releases C. devises D. initiates13. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be_to tourist spending?A. attributed B. applied C. contributed D. attached14. Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and _for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.A. ingredient B. reliance C. shelter D. inclination15. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to _wonderful bargains in the market.A. pick up B. bump into C. pile up D. bring back16. Scientists are searching for the oldest tree _because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.A. lively B. alive C. living D. live17. The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City _shock and anger throughout the world.A. tempted B. provoked C. summoned D. enveloped18. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that _girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A. enrolling B. assigning C. involving D. consenting19. The UN official said aid programs will be _until there is adequate protection for relief personnel.A. multiplied B. arrested C. spanned D. suspended20. Despite almost universal_of the vital importance of womens literacy, education remains a dream for many women in far too many countries of the world.A. confession B. identification C. acknowledgement D. compliment21. Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now _much of their food.A. deliver B. import C. produce D. develop22. Because Jenkins neither _nor defends either management or the striking workers, both aides admire his journalisticA. criticizes.acumen B. attacksneutrality C. confrontsaptitude D. dismissesflair23. Some anthropologists claim that a few aps have been taught a rudimentary sign languages, but skeptics argue that the apes are only _their trainers.A. imitating B. condoning C. instructing D. acknowledging24. It is ironic that the_insights of the great thinkers are voiced so often that they have become mereA. oriinal cliches B. banal beliefs C. dubious habits D. philosophical-questions 25. The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable_, when weight loss if not stops.A. moods accelerates B. feasts halts C. holidays contracts D. plateaus slows26. Since the authors unflattering references to her friends were so_, she was surprised that her_were recognized.A. laudatory styles B. obvious anecdotes C. oblique allusions D. critical eulogies27. If it is true that morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the erosion of religion herald the _of moraliy?A, regulation B. basis C. belief D. collapse28. Certain animal behaviors, such as mating rituals, seem to be _, and therefore external factors such as climate changes, food supply, or the presence of other animals of the same species.A. learned immune to B. innate unaffected by C. intricate belong to D. specific confused with29. Shaken by two decades of virtual anarchy, the majority of people were ready to buy _at any price.A. order B. emancipation C. hope D. liberty30. As a person who combines care with _, Marisa completed her duties with_as well as zeal.A. levity resignation B. enthusiasm meticulousness C. vitality willingness D. empathy rigorPart CloseThe study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name _31_ , it combines biology and modern technology through such _32_ as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, _33_ in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent (取得专利) seeds that give a high yield (产量), that _34_ disease, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for dangerous chemicals. _35_ such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised _36_ about genetically engineered crops. In nature, genetic diversity (多样性) is created within certain limits, says the book Genetic Engineering, Food and Our Environment. A rose can be crossed(杂交) with a different kind of rose, but a lose will _37_ cross with a potato . Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to _38_ a desired property or character. This could mean, _39_ , selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes _40_ from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. _41_ , then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that _42_ species. Like the green revolution, (43)what some call the gene revolution (44)contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity (千篇一律) some say even more so (45)because geneticists can employ techniques such (46)as cloning and organ culture, processes that produce perfectly (47)identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new(48) issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. We are flying blindly into a new (49) of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potensial (50) , said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.31. A. suggests B. recalls C. concerns D. advises32. A. concepts B. views C. techniques D. courses33. A. participate B. focus C. specialize D. involve34. A. treat B. avoid C. oppose D. resist35. A. If B. Unless C. Since D. As36. A. demands B. topics C. concerns D. lessons37. A. sometimes B. never C. frequently D. eventually38. A. convey B. transfer C. select D. collect39. A. for example B. for one thing C. on one hand D. in any case40. A. resulted B. evolved C. injected D. taken41. A. In contrast B. In that C. In case D. In essence42. A. separate B. form C. create D. vary43. A. what B. where C. as D. so44. A. combines B.contributes C.commands D. breaks45. A. that B.because C. if D. when46. A. like B. for example C. as D. is47. A. resembling B. alike C. similar D. identical48. A. issues B. height C. difficulties D. goals49. A. spot B. era C. deadline D. scheme50. A. navigations B. mystery C. outcomes D. destinationsPart Reading ComprehensionPassage 1The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be all things to all people. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, the nations colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials (文凭) than in providing a quality education for their students. The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an integrated core of common learning. Such a core would introduce students to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most. Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.51. When a college tries to be all things to al people (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to _.A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneouslyB) focus on training students in various skillsC) encourage students to take as many courses as possibleD) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends52. By saying that in too many academic fields, the work has no context (Lines 4-5, Pare. 1) the author means that the teaching in these areas _.A) ignores the actual situationB) is not based on the right perspectiveC) only focuses on an integrated core of common learningD) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students53. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that _.A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many collegesB) students dont have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learnC) skills are being taught as a means to an endD) students are only interested in obtaining credentials54. American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _.A) most of them lack high-quality facultiesB) the interests of most faculty members lie in researchC) there are not enough incentives for students to study hardD) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching55. It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for _. A) putting academic work in the proper contextB) a commitment to students and effective teachingC) the practice of putting leaning to productive endsD) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge 答案51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. BPassage 2Endangered Species Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction. Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution. Since the formation of the earth, many more species have become extinct than those exist today. These species slowly disappeared because of changes of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation (捕食). Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment (侵犯) on natural ecology systems. Today the majority of the worlds environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.Species become extinct or endangered for a number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats (栖息地). Drainage of wetlands (沼泽地), cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats. As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal populations crowd into smaller areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings. Species in these small islands lose contact with other populations of their own kind, thus reducing their genetic variation and making them less adaptable to environment changes.Since the 1600s, commercial exploitation of animals for food and other products has caused many species to become extinct or endangered. Introduced diseases and parasites have also greatly reduced some species. Pollution is another important cause of their extinction.Some private and governmental efforts have been organized to save declining species. Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. approved by 51 nations. Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating and restricting trade in certain species. How effective such laws will be in various countries, however, depends on enforcement (实施 ) and support by the people and the courts. Because of a lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade, the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.56 According to the passage, which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapid extinction of man species since the 17th century?A Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species. B Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution. C The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems. D The worlds climate has changed so greatly that most species cannot survive.57 In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word islands refers toA the lands that are completely surrounded by water.B the wild animals breeding grounds protected by lawC the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roads.D the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species.58 This passage mentions all of the following reasons that cause the extinction of man species exceptA natural selection of species.B various natural disasters.C commercial trade and killing.D destruction of natural surroundings.59 According to the passage, which of the following is most important in saving declining species?A Governments should make some laws to protect endangered species.B People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.C Relevant laws must be made and enforced with the support of the people.D Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.60 How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?A Worried. B Optimistic. C Indifferent. D Confident.Passage 3Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high