英文眼科病例模板描述.doc

1、A Discribe SampleA vertical OCT tomogram is acquired through the macula which shows from above down neurosensory retinal detachment to the inferior fovea in the scan fields. The fovea is obviously elevated to 1000m, 2、 ACUTE RETINAL NECROSISOCT shows cystoid macular edema and diffuse outer retinal edema and exudates.3、AIONThe papillary swells and is elevated obviously. The physiologic cup slmost disappears. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber swells, the thickness of which is increased obviously.4、 BECHETThere is cystoid edema in the macula, with well-defined detachment of neurosensory retina in the fovea and diffuse periphery retinal edema. (serous detachment of neurosensory retina ) Retina in the fovea isthinned. Sporadic hyperreflective points due to the exudates of hard lipids shadows the reflection from the tissues below. The margin of the optic disc is elevated obviously, which represents papilledema. ( papilledema) The retina in the fovea is thickened. Hyperreflective band just anterior to the neur5、 BEST DISEASERPE/choriocapillaris in the macula is elevated, in deeper layer of which there is moderate reflective band.(RPE solid elevation)There is serous pigment endothelium detachment in the superior of vitell6、CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHYThere is serous retinal detachment in the macula, with retinal edema or cystoid edema. The neurosensory retina is elevated in the fovea, with the thickness of . Liquid dark area exists below. The RPE/choroicapillaris reflective band is clearly visible or damaged. The RPE may be elevated and detached.7、 CHOROIDAL HEMANGIOMARetina is sphere-like elevated. Neurosensory retinal detachment is visible in the margin of the tumor. The reflective band of RPE/choroidocapillay is disordered，only sporadic and thin choroidal reflective bands are visible in below. The retina is elevated, with serous retinal detachment around the tumor, intraretinal fluid in the retina above the tumor. (RPE damage) There is intraretinal department with tissues connecting in between in the retina above the tumor. There is shallow retinal detachment in the 8、 CHOROIDAL OSTEOMAThe RPE/choroid reflective band is enhanced and broadened irregularly, partially elevated and breaks in temperal papillary. The shallow neurosensory retinal detachment is observed in the macula, (neurosensory retinal detachment). The retina in the fovea is thinned, The retina is intraretinal departed with reflection of tissues in between, representing secondary retinoschisis in the macula and papillary, with disordered reflection.9、CNVThe strongest reflective band (RPE/CC) ruptures. There is a multilayer hyperreflction subretinal elevation in the rupture. Neurosensory retinal detachment, retinal edema and exudation are visible.10、 CONTUSION OF RETINAThere is full-thickness retina loss in the macula, with surrounding neurosensory retina edema. (macular hole and edema) Moderate reflection in the fovea and the both sides hyperreflection of hemorrhage are observed when RPE hemorrhagic detachment exists. The choroidal reflective band is enhanced in the temporal fovea, which represents choroid rupture.(choroid rupture with hemorrhagic RPE detachment) The RPE/choriocapillaris reflective band is broken and disordered in the temporal fovea, with the reflective11、 DIABETIC RETINOPATHY(macular edema)The neurosensory retina shows thickened thickness and diffuse reduced interlaminar reflection in the macula and periphery retina. There are sporadic hyperreflective points in outer retina shadowing the reflection returning from below, due to hard exudates. The serous neurosensory retina detachment exists in the macula, with detachment cavity shown as fluid dark area. The local elevation of retinal nerve fiber layer shows enhanced reflection and shadows the reflection returning from below, wh12、DrusenHard drusen shows the local elevation of RPE and tissues below, with hyperreflectivity. Soft drusen shows semispherical elevation of RPE.13、 Dry AMDHard drusen shows the local elevation of RPE and tissues below, with hyperreflectivity. Soft drusen shows semispherical elevation of RPE.RPE/choriocapillaris is elevated well-defined. (hard drusen) The neurosensory retina is normal or thinned in corresponding area. The reflection band of RPE/choriocapillaris is elevated like semisphere or merged-semisphere. There is moderate density reflection band below, connecting with the choroidal reflection band. (soft drusen) . Retina above is thinned, while the reflection band of RPE/choriocapillaris is enhanced.(choroidoretinal geographic atrophy). The RPE reflection band disappears somewhere.(RPE a14、 EPIRETINAL HEMORRHAGERetina seems to be elevated, with dense hyperreflection anterior to the retina. All the reflection from tissues behind it disappears. Its hard to identify the hemorrhage is located under the inner limiting membrane or behind the posterior limiting membrane of the vitreous.15、 EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE IN THE MACULAThe epiretinal membrane appears as a streaky-like enhanced reflective band just attached anterior to the neurosensory retina. The depression of the fovea disappears, and macular edema forms. The thickness of the retina is increased in the fovea, with steep contour and pseudohole forms.16、 EPIRETINAL MEMBRANEThe moderate and high reflective band is shown adhered tightly anterior to the retina, which may track the retina, resulting in retinal pucker and retinal edema.17、 GLAUCOMA RETINAL NERVE FIBER LAYERThe reflection of retinal nerve fiber layer is thinned diffusely.18、 GLAUCOMAThe physiologic cup is enlarged and deepened, the reflective band is thinned or breaks in the superior cup wall. The cup is enlarged.19、 HARD EXUDATIONPotted and sheet hyperreflection is shown in outer plexiform layer, attenuating the reflection behind.20、 IDIOPATHIC CNVRetina swells and is thickened. Serous retinal detachment is shown, while choroidal neovascular is visible under the macula.21、 IDIOPATHIC CNV-1There is cystoid edema in the fovea. The hyperrefletive points in the outer retina which attenuate the tissues behind represent the hard exudation. Hemorrhagic or serous neurosensory retinal detachment forms. The RPE/choriocapillaris reflective band is fusiform-like enhanced in the upper macula, consistent with choroidal neovascular. The topography map shows that the retina is thickened, white and red, in the fovea and above (correspongding the CNV) .22、 JUVENILE RETINOSCHISISCystoid alteration is seen in the macula, and the cavity is departed by tilted and vertical tissues. Peripheral neurosensory retina shows intraretinal department, with column tissues connecting in between. The thickness of the retina is increased in the fovea, especially in the inferonasal retina, with the superotemporal retina thinned. (cystoid macular edema). The inner wall ruptures after cystoid alteration in the macula, then the lamellar hole forms.(lamellar macula hole) . Neurosensory retinal detachme23、 MACULAR HOLEFull-thickness hole: loss of full-thickness retina shows no reflection. Lamellar hole: The loss of the inner retina, part of the reflection is absent. stage I macular hole shows disappearance of the normal foveal contour and a low reflection field in below , but the inner layer of the retinal doesnt break in the macula. Vitreous traction to the fovea is visible. Alleviation happens spontaneously in some cases. Stage II shows the breaks of inner surface and small full-thickness loss of the retina, accounti24、MELANOMA OF CHOROIDThe retina shows a flat and uneven elevation, the reflective band of the RPE/choriocapillaris is enhanced mildly, while the reflective band of the retina is almost normal. The pigment eddothelium is elevated in the fovea, with serous retinal detachment and disorders of the reflective band of RPE above the fovea. (RPE damage) Neurosensory retina is elevated and detached. (retinal detachment).25、 NORMAL MACULAThe thickness of the retina of the fovea is mm. There is no significant abnormality in the macular contour.26、 NORMAL OPTIC DISCThe superior, inferior and nasal margin of the optic disc is elevated mildly. The physiologic cup is small and shallow. The depression and the slope are symmetric. The moderate reflective band representing the tissues before the cribriform form is visible in the bottom of papillary, under which is the hyperreflective band of the cribriform plate. (normal optic disc).27、 OPTIC DISC PITThe vertical scan through the optic disc shows a dark area without reflection, because of loss of cribriform plate in the inferior papillary, which represents optic disc pits. Horizontal scan shows loss of cribriform plate in the temporal optic disc, which connects with outer retinal retinoschisis and edema in the macula. Neurosensory retinal detachment exists in the macula, and there is only inner tissue with thin-wall, which represents outer wall hole. (optic disc hole and retinal edema and retinoschisis28、 OPTIC NERVE ATROPHYThe normal elevation of the papillary margin disappears. The physiologic cup shallows, with thinning of the peripapillary retina and reflection band of the retinal nerve fiber layer.29、 OPTIC NEURITIS(epiretinal hemorrhage) The reflection in front of the retina is enhanced and attenuates, while hemorrhage is shaped in fluid level, attenuating the tissues below. The inner limiting membrane departs from the retina in superior of hemorrhage level.(intraretinal hemorrhage)The retina is elevated where retina hemorrhage exists. The intraretinal hemorrhage is shown as dark area, attenuating the reflection from below. The retinal detachment exists above the hemorrhage field.(subretinal hemorrhage) neurosensory30、 PapilledemaThe margin of the papillary is moderately or mildly elevated. The physiologic cup gets shallow and elevated. (mild edema) Papillary is elevated obviously like mountain, and the cup almost disappears. (obvious edema) The papillary is elevated highly, and the cup disappears. (high cranial pression papilledema) The papillary is elevated, with papilledema, peripheral retina edema, cystoid macular edema, obvious retina edema in the posterior pole.(stasis retina edema) The papillary gets edema, with margin eleva31、 PATHOLOGIC MYOPIAOCT shows thinning of the neurosensory retina in the central macula. The intralamellar department exists in the outer retina and inner retina, with columns connecting in between. The reflectivity of outer neurosensory retina in the inner side of RPE is visible (secondary retinoschisis) , as well as detachment of neurosensory retina. Neurosensory retina in the macula losses partially and epiretinal membrane forms.(retinoschisis and lamellar hole)OCT shows loss of full-thickness neurosensory retina in the m32、 PCVPolypoidal choroidal vasculopathy shows cone-like steep elevation. There is thin discontinuous streaky-like hyperreflective band departing from RPE in the side of elevation, which is consistent with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. The neurosensory retina is thin above the elevation. Moderate reflective points are visible below the elevation, attenuating the reflection from choroid. There is neurosensory retinal detachment, with exudation in outer retina and hemorrhage pigment endothelium detachment besi33、 PIGMENT ENDOTHELIUM DETACHMENTRetinal pigment endothelium is elevated, with fluid dark area or reflective points below, shadowing the reflection from bruch membrane and choroid.34、 POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENTA moderate reflective band departs with the retina, floating in the posterior vitreous cavity like an irregular curve or a semiarc.35、RAO(In the early stages of CRVO) There is cystoid macular edema, uncomplete posterior vitreous detachment tracking the macula. Retina shows edema and enhanced reflection, is thickened. The dark area of photoreceptor is broadened. (CRAO edema recedes)The cystoid edema in the macula recedes, uncomplete posterior vitreous detachment is thinned and weak. The dark area of photoreceptor is broadened. (CRAO atrophy stage)the thickness of the retina in the centre is mildly thinned, uncomplete posterior vitreous detac36、 REDIATION RETINOPATHYThere are retinal cystoid edema ,intraretinal exudation and neurosensory retinal detachment in the macular, (neurosensory retinal detachment)OCT shows serous neurosensory retinal detachment, neurosensory retinal cystoid edema and diffuse edema in the macular.(papilledema)papillary elevates, the physiologic cup almost disappears.(retinal exudates)Well-defined edema and elevation of retinal nerve fiber layer consistent with the soft exudates attenuates the reflection from below. The exudates appear as the 37、 RETINAL ANEURYSM(epiretinal hemorrhage) The reflection in front of the retina is enhanced and attenuates, while hemorrhage is shaped in fluid level, attenuating the tissues below. The inner limiting membrane departs from the retina in superior of hemorrhage level.(intraretinal hemorrhage)The retina is elevated where retina hemorrhage exists. The intraretinal hemorrhage is shown as dark area, attenuating the reflection from below. The retinal detachment exists above the hemorrhage field.(subretinal hemorrhage) neurosensory38、 RETINAL DETACHMENTNeurosensory retina is elevated. The fluid below shows liquidity dark area with non-reflection, or potted or sheet moderate or high reflection in the liquidity dark area.39、 RETINAL DETACHMENT-1Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (mild and moderate retinal detachment in the macula)Retinal detachment exists in the macula and inferior retina, with retinal edema. (highly retinal detachment in the macula)highly retinal detachment exists in the macula, OCT cannt show RPE/choriocapillaris reflective band.(neurosensory retinal department)Outer and inner neurosensory retinal departs。 (wavy alteration of retina)Outer neurosensory retina shows wavy alteration (neurosensory retinal edema)Outer retinal shows40、 RETINAL EDEMARetina shows cystoid alteration in the fovea, with reflection in the cavity reduced and inner surface of the retina elevated.(with the height of mm) The retina is thickened diffusely in the macula. The reflection of the outer retina is influenced, and the IS/OS and RPE reflection is decreased, because of the retinal edema.41、 RETINITIS PIGMENTOSAThe macula shows cystoid edema, with large sac, retinal pigment endothelium proliferation and migration towards the inner retina. The retina is thinned, while the RPE/choriocapillaris reflective band is sporadicly enhanced. (migration and proliferation of RPE).42、 RETINOSCHISISThe reflection of the retinal focus is reduced. Outer plexiform layer is teared and enlonged, with bridge-like junction.43、 RVO(retinal hemorrhage)【shallow retinal hemorrhage】Cystoid edema exists in the macula. The reflection of the retina is enhanced in the fovea, but doesnt attenuate the reflection from deeper, which represents shallow retinal hemorrhage. 【deep retinal hemorrhage】The neurosensory retina superior to the papillary is elevated and enhanced, and attenuates rapidly, with dark area below and RPE/choriocapillaris reflective band shadowed.(retinal exudation)【soft exudation】There is cystoid edema in the macula and diffu44、 SOFT EXUDATIONThe small occlusion focus of nerve fiber layer shows local elevated hyperflection in the retinal nerve fiber layer, attenuating the reflection behind.45、 STARGARDTThe dark area of retinal photoreceptor in the macula disappears, and the retina is thinned, the reflective band of RPE/choriocapillaris around the fovea is enhanced unevenly, the neurosensory retina in the macula almost disappears.46、 SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMIAThere are multiple serous neurosensory retinal detachment and exudation in the macula and posterior pole.(serous neurosensory retinal detachment) The margin of the papillary is elevated mildly.(papilledema) Retina in the macula is thinned, while the reflective band of the choroid in the parafovea is enhanced and thickened unevenly.(retina thinning).47、 UVEITISDiffuse retinal edema exists in the fovea and temporal retina, with neurosensory retina thickened, cystoid macula edema, serous