江苏省职称英语卫生试卷8.doc

以下为补充内容：二 、改错【在A/B/C/D四个选项中，选出一个含有语言错误的选项】（10小题，每小题1分，共10分，建议完成时间10分钟）71. The author merely uses the language as a convenient vehicle which to transmit A B C Dthe ideas to the readers. 答案：本题解析：应该用，定语从句放在表示“事物”的名词后面，且关系代词在从句中充当句子成分，用which。如果不是定语从句，就考虑用what。翻译：作者仅仅把语言作为一种方便的工具向读者传递想法。13. Alice received grades that were as high as, if not higher than, any other person A B C Din her class. 答案：本题解析：翻译：爱丽丝在她班级收到的等级，如果不高于，至少一样高比其他任何人。73. We planned to finish the task last Sunday, but we failed owing to the shortage of A B C Dthe raw materials. 答案：本题解析：应该用过去完成时态翻译：我们计划上周日完成这项任务,但因原材料的短缺，我们以失败告终的74. Men are best suited to go out into the competitive world of work and politics, A Bwhen serious responsibilities must be taken on. C D答案：本题解析：应该用男人最适合进入政治工作，在重大问题上担负主要责任。 75. It is not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes Arequire each to play sex-defining roles in social life。B C D答案：本题解析：应该是sex-defined性别限定翻译：这是不正确的，基本的生理和心理上的两性之间的差异要求每个人扮演着性别角色，在社会生活中76. The change which these years have brought about is too remarkable A Bto pass over without being noticed. 近年来所发生的极为显著的变化没被注意到。 C D77. Everybody considered it a pity to have missed the performance. I would rather A B Cgo to see it。D答案：本题解析：从整个语句看，应该表示否定翻译：大家认为这是错过了表演很可惜的。我宁愿没有去看它。16. We can see then that there are good reasons for regarding it as desirable that a A B Cmarried woman has some occupation outside the home. D答案：本题解析：should have 表示应该有翻译：我们可以看到那是合理的，对一个结了婚的女人有一些职业以外的生活。17. Someone in the office had made a mistake, and the company regrettedA Bto have caused the customer inconvenience. C D答案：本题解析：应该为causing regret doing sth. 很遗憾/后悔做了.（为已经做过的事而感到.） 翻译：在办公室里有人犯了一个错误，该公司为造成顾客不便表示遗憾。18. Kate had her heart set on owing one of the new sports cars, but she finally A B Csucceeded in buying one. D 答案：C本题解析：but在此显然不合适，应该为so翻译：凯特一直有心买个新的跑车，最后她终于成功地购买一个。 (21) Except its industry, the north also had a larger network of railroads to transport supplies.答案：A本题解析：应该用besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有”；而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有”翻译：除了信息技术产业,北方也有一个大的铁路运输物资网络。 (22) The working man had little schooling beyond his craft, and there was little hope that their children would have been nothing better.答案：D本题解析：their 改为his翻译：工作的人所受的教育很少超出他的手艺,他们多少希望他们的孩子有更好的东西。1. Since there were always plenty of other workers to take his job, he was likely to be hired if he asked for more pay. 答案：D本题解析：应该改为：be not hired从整体语义上看是不会被雇用，如果他要求较多的报酬。翻译：因为总是有大量的其他工作人员获取他的工作,他有可能不被雇佣了,如果他要求更多的报酬。24/On each side of the highway was hundreds of billboards advertising everything from modem motels to roadside stands that sell fruit and bedspreads. 答案：A本题解析：本句为倒装句，主语是hundreds of billboards为复数形式，谓语动词应保持一致，改为复数形式were。翻译：现代汽车旅馆开始，两边的公路是数以百计的广告牌广告，,路边摊子售卖水果和床单。 (25) The amount of pressure which the materials are subjected to affect the quality of the products.答案：D本题解析：affect改为affects，因为The amount of pressure是单数，谓语动词要用单数。which the materials are subject to是定语从句，修饰那个The amount of pressure 压力量的材料是受影响产品的质量。翻译：对材料起支配作用的压力影响产品的质量。(26) Many a problem concerning the agricultural production have been solved this way.答案：C本题解析：have 改为has翻译：许多农业生产的方式问题已经得到了解决。27/His recommendation that Air Force （should）investigate the UFO sighting was approved by the Commission.答案：C本题解析：应该为（should）investigate 虚拟语句语气中，意思为“建议、推荐”等词后面如果跟从句的话，其谓语动词应用原形动词，或加should。翻译：他的建议是委员会批准,空军应该调查UFO目击事件。46、 Yesterday my car broke down on my way home, and at the garage, the mechanic said I should have brought it for maintenance much earlier.答案：C本题解析：从句意看应该用have brought表示虚拟语句翻译：昨天我的车在回家的路上抛锚了,在车库里,技工说我应该把它更早进行维护。29 It is 【important】 for us to 【have found】 a 【heat-resistant】 material 【for】 making the cover of this condensing unit.答案：B本题解析：应该为have discovered 表示发现某种本来就存在的，而以前未被发现的事物。翻译：对于我们来讲这是很重要的，我们已经发现了一种耐热材料制作冷凝装置的封面。 (30) A computer can do 【nothing】 unless it is told 【what to do】, 【when to do it】 and 【how to be done】 it. 答案：D本题解析：应该为：how to do翻译：一个计算机不能做任何事情，除非它被告诉做什么，什么时候做并且如何去做。Weisheng 话句填空专项练习（供申报高级职称者） 阅读下面短文 ,根据短文内容,在 A.B.C.D四个选项中 ,选出最佳答案填文中空白处。Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook from scratch?Have you been doing Internet shopping rather than going to the stores? What cant you be bothered to do?A study into how lazy British people are has found 【1】Just over 2,000 people were qulz2ed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health, Britains largest health charity.【2】About one in six people surveyed said 【3】 More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus. Worryingly, of the 654 respondents with children, 64% said they were often too tired to play with them.This led the report to conclude 【4】Dr. Sarah Dauncey , medical director of Nuffield Health, said, People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, friends and evidently their pets too. . If we dont start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most rudimentary tasks. And Scotlands largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the most indolent city in the UK, with 75% surveyed admitting【5】followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%. The results pose serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year. 1. A. more than half of adults are so idle that theyd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs. B. less than half of adults are so idle that theyd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs. C. more than half of children are so idle that theyd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs. D. less than half of children are so idle that theyd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs.2. A. The results were amusing. B. The results were startling. C. The results were annoying. D. The results were worthwhile. 2. A. if something went wrong with their remote control, they would not stopwatching the TV.B. if they can not reach their remote control, they would not bother looking for it. C. if their remote control was out of sight, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get .up. .D. if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up. 4. A. that its surprising that one in six children in the UK are classified as obesebefore they start schooling. B. that its true that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese before they start schooling. C. that its no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese before they start schooling. D. that its no joke that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese before they start schooling. 5. A. they do not get enough exercise, B. they do enough exercise, C. they hope to do so, D. they dont want to do so,你会吃冰箱里的即食餐而不是重新烹调？你在网上购物而不去商店？什么使您懒得去做？研究如何懒惰的英国人，发现【1有一半以上的成年人都闲置，他们会赶上电梯，而不是爬两节扶梯。】超过2000人被独立的纳菲尔德健康研究者访问，英国最大的健康慈善机构，【2结果是惊人的。】大约有六成受访者表示，【3如果他们的遥控器坏了，他们将继续看同样的频道，而不是起床。】超过三分之一的受访者表示，他们不会跑着去赶公共汽车。令人担忧的是，受访的654名儿童中，64%说他们太累和他们玩。这使得该报告得出结论认为，,【4他们开始上学之前六分之一的孩子在英国被列为肥胖。】莎拉萨拉当西博士，纳菲尔德健康中心的医务主任，说，“人们需要获得健康，不仅仅是为自己着想，而是为了他们的家人，朋友和他们的宠物着想。”。“如果我们不开始采取措施控制这个问题，一整代人会变得太不适合执行甚至最基本的任务。苏格兰最大的城市，格拉斯哥，而被评为为英国最懒惰的城市，有75%受访者承认【5他们没有得到足够的锻炼，】紧随其后的是伯明翰和南安普顿，都有67%。结果造成了国家卫生服务严重挑战，在与肥胖有关的疾病，如心脏病和癌症一直在稳步上升，在过去的40年中，每年耗资数十亿英镑进行治疗。2Can you imagine being savagely attacked by a dog? What if the attack was so severe that your nose, lips and chin were completely destroyed? How would you feel about yourself? Would you be able to look at yourself in the mirror? And how do you think other people would treat you? Isabelle Dinoire is someone who can answer all of these questions honestly and openly. Last November Isabelle was attacked and mauled by her own dog. The attack was so severe that her lower face was damaged. it seemed, almost beyond repair 【1】With such severe injuries【2】Shortly after being admitted, she came to the attention of Dr. Bernard Devauchelle who, unlike other surgeons, believed there was an alternative. We found ourselves saying, yes, its clear this woman needs a transplant, he said. Two days after the operation, 【3】She said, I was scared to look at myself, but when I did it was already marvellous and I couldnt believe it. I thought it would be blue and swollen but it was already beautiful. Now, less than a year after her 15 hour operation, shes trying to rebuild her life and【4】I have been saved. Lots of people write saying that I need to go on, that its wonderful; Its a miracle somehow. Although there were ethical questions raised about their decision to carry out the procedure, 【5】One of them said, Was it possible for her to live without a face? Its easy to say we shouldnt have done the operation, but her life has changed, she goes shopping, goes on holiday, she lives again.你能想象被一只野蛮的狗袭击吗?攻击是如此严重,以至于你的鼻子、嘴唇和下巴完全被破坏。你自己会怎么想? 你可以对着镜子看你自己？? 你怎么认为其他人对待你？伊莎贝尔迪诺尔能诚实和公开的回答所有这些问题。去年十一月，伊莎贝尔被自己的狗攻击和抓伤。这次袭击是如此严重,以至于她的脸部下方被破坏。看来几乎无法修复【她被送往医院，成为第一个有一个实施面部移植手术的人。】面对这样严重的伤害【医生给伊莎贝尔提供一些使用常规手术他们希望能够修复了她的脸】。入院后不久，她就注意到伯纳德博士德沃谢勒，他是一位特别的医生。”我们发现这很明显的女人需要移植的，”他说。手术后的两天，【她在镜子中第一次看见自己的脸。】她说，“我很害怕看自己，但当我已经是奇妙的，我无法相信。我认为这将是蓝色和肿胀，但它已经很美。”现在，经过15小时的手术后不到一年，她试图重建她的生活和【毫无疑问她如何看待她的新面孔】“我已得救。很多人写说，我需要去，那是美好的；这是一个奇迹，不知何故。” 尽管有很多道德质疑他们的决策执行过程，【伊莎贝尔手术医生迅速地他们的决定辩护】其中一个说，“没有脸她的生活是可能的？这很意思说，我们不应该做手术，她的生活就已经改变了，她可以去购物，去度假，她生活了。”1. A. She was sent to the hospital and operated on at once. B. She was rushed to the hospital and became the first person ever to have a face transplant. C. She was rushed to the hospital hut no doctor knew what to do.D. She was sent to the hospital at once.2: A. doctors offered Isabelle little hope that they would be able to repair the damage to her face using conventional surgery. B. doctors offered Isabelle much hope that they would be able to repair the damage to her face using conventional surgery.C. doctors offered Isabelle little hope that they would be unable to repair the damage to her face using conventional surgery. D. doctors offered Isabelle much hope that they would be unable to repair the damage to her face using conventional surgery.3. A. she was eager to see her face in the mirror for the first time. B, she was afraid of seeing her face in the mirror. C. she refused to see her face in the mirror. . . D. she saw her face in the mirror for the first time.4. A. there is some doubt how she feels about her new face: B. there is some curiosity about her new face: C. there is no doubt how she feels about her new face . D. there is no curiosity about her new face:5. A. the doctors who operated on Isabelle are quick to defend their decision. B. the doctors who operated on Isabelle are slow to defend their decision. C. the doctors who operated on Isabelle refuse to defend their decision. D. the doctors who operated on Isabelle are proud to defend their decision.3 If using your voice is difficult, then you know what dysphonia is. 【1】Experts say about one in three people will become hoarse at some point in their lives. 【2】 Infections, smoking and using your voice too much, too loudly or just incorrectly can all cause hoarseness. 【3】 Experts say hoarseness costs several billion dollars a year in lost productivity from people missing work. Now, doctors have the first treatment guidelines from the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. The new guidelines recognize that most cases are not serious and go away within a few days. 【4】Dr. Richard Rosenfeld helped develop the guidelines. He says there are some situations where people should get examined sooner rather than later, 【5】or if you are also losing weight for no reason. Or if you are trying to rest your voice but it keeps getting worse.If hoarseness continues or the cause is unknown, doctors should perform an examination called a laryngoscopy. The guidelines urge doctors not to use other imaging methods like CT or MRI scans until they have done this. The guidelines say voice therapy is a well-recognized intervention: And they suggest ways to avoid getting hoarse. Drink lots of water. Avoid tobacco smoke and other irritants. And for people who use their voices a lot, like singers or professional speakers, get voice training and use an amplifier.1. A. Another name for this illness is called hoarseness. B. The normal name for this disorder is hoarseness. . C. The more common name for this disorder is hoarseness. . . D. The other common name for this illness is called hoarseness.2. A. In the United States alone/an estimated twenty million are affected at any given time. B. Only in the United States, about twenty million are influenced during most of the year. C. Just in the United States, twenty million or so are attacked at any given time. D. In the United States, nearly twenty million are affected at any given time. 3. A. It usually attacks healthy people, especially those who use their voices a lot in their job.B. It happens more commonly in women, children, the elderly and those who use their voices a lot in their jobs. C. It often influences people who use their voices a lot in their job, especially women.D. It often involves women, children and the old people.4. A. For hoarseness may indicate that there is something wrong with your body. B. Because hoarseness may be a sign of illness. C. Perhaps hoarseness can mean a hint of illness. D. But hoarseness can also be a sign of something worse.5. A. The same is true if hoarseness begins after an accident or injury. B. It is also true if hoarseness appears after an accident or injury. C. One should be sent to the hospital if hoarseness occurs. D. It is the same if hoarseness begins after an accident or injury.如果使用你的声音是困难的，那么你就知道什么是发音障碍。【这种紊乱更常用的名字是声音嘶哑。】专家说，专家称,大约三分之一的人会变得嘶哑在他们人生的某个阶段。【仅在美国，估计有二千万人在任何特定时间受到影响。】感染，吸烟和太多使用您的声音，太大声或只是错误发音都会导致声音嘶哑。【妇女，儿童，老人和那些在他们的许多工作使用他们的声音更常见发生。】专家说，嘶哑的花费从丢失工作的人身上损失数十亿美元生产力。现在，美国学院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科基金会医生已经制定出第一个治疗方案。新的指导方针承认，大多数情况下并不严重，并在几天内就会消失。【但是声音嘶哑也可能预示着更糟的事。】理查。罗森菲尔德博士帮助开发指南。他说，有些情况下，人们应该立即就医，【如果是事故或受伤后嘶哑。】或如果你也正在减肥,没有任何理由。如果你想休息你的声音，但它不断恶化。如果声音嘶哑持续或者原因不明，医生应该做喉镜检查。指南要求医生不要使用其他成像方法，如电脑断层或核磁共振扫描，直到他们已经这样做了。指南说语音治疗是一种为人熟知的干预：用他们建议的方式来避免沙哑。喝大量的水。避免吸烟和其他刺激物。那些大量使用嗓子的人，如歌手或职业演说家，得到语音训练并使用扩音器。4Automatic faucets use an electronic sensor to start and stop the flow of waterwhen people wash their hands.【1】which is one reason they are found in busy public bathrooms. Another reason is 【2】Hospitals started using automatic faucets about ten years ago. 【3】Researchers took apart twenty automatic faucets at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. They found that half contained Legionella bacteria, compared to 15 percent of manual faucets.【4】So the study should not concern most users of automatic faucets in public bathrooms. But Legionella bacteria can cause a form of pneumonia in people with weakened immune systems. These include patients with diseases like cancer and HIV/AIDS, and those who have recently had an organ transplant. After their first tests, the researchers cleaned the water system with chlorine dioxide. But they found that 29 percent of the automatic faucets were still contaminated with bacteria. That compared t0 7 percent of the manual faucets.The researchers have some theories. Dr. Emily Sydnor was the lead author of the study. She says the automatic faucets contain more parts,【5】Also, the reduced water pressure in low-flow faucets might not remove as much bacteria from surfaces as normal ones. .1A. These faucets save a lot of water, B. The faucet saves a lot of water,C. These faucets waste a lot of water,D. These faucets use less water,2. A. because of the spread of infection by people touching the handles on traditional faucets. . B. for concerns of the spread of infection by people touching the handles on traditional ones. C. for the spread of infection by people touching the handles on traditional ones. D. because of concerns about the spread of infection by people touching the handles on traditional faucets. .3. A. But a new study at one hospital shows that these devices may really be worth the savings in water use. B. But a new study at one hospital finds that these devices may not always be worth the savings in water use. C. To our satisfaction, these devices may play a great part in the water-saving project. D. To our dismay, these devices do not have any effect.4. A. Healthy people rarely get sick from the bacteria. B. Healthy people easily get sick from the bacteria. C. Unhealthy people seldom get sick from the bacteria. D. Unhealthy people do not often get sick from the bacteria. 5. A. and there are less areas for bacteria to grow. B. but there are more areas for the bacteria to grow. C. for there are more areas where bacteria could grow. D. so there are more areas where bacteria could grow.自动水龙头使用电子传感器来启动和停止流动的水当人们洗他们的手。这些水龙头节约很多水，这是一个原因，他们