九年级英语第八单元知识点.doc

九年级英语第八单元知识点一. 重要词汇1. clean up “打扫,清理”,是“动词 + 副词”类 短语动词 Its your turn to clean up the kitchen . ( 这类短语动词接名词作宾语时,名词可以放在短语的后面,也可以放在短语的中间。但如果接代词作宾语,则只能放在短语的中间） We need to clean up the classroom every day , now its your turn to clean it up .2. give out = hand out “散发,分发” Give the food out to the children . Father Christmas （圣诞老人） gave out gifts to the children .3in hospital （生病）住院 in the hospital 在医院里 His mother works as a doctor in the hospital . Her brother was ill in hospital . 类似的有：at table 在吃饭 at the table 坐在桌子旁 go to school 去上学 go to the school 到学校去4. put off 推迟,拖延 We have to put off the sports meeting because of the rain . Dont put off till tomorrow what you can do today . put off doing sth 推迟做某事 My little brother usually puts off doing homework .put away 把收起来放好 The boy put the food away in the cupboard after he finished his dinner .put on 穿上,戴上He put his coat on .put out 熄灭,扑灭,关（灯）Please put out the light before you go to bed .put up 举起,搭建,张贴 If you have any questions , please put up your hands . They put up a tent . Dont put up a notice here .5. cheer up ( 某人自己 ) 高兴起来,振作起来； 使某人高兴起来,振作起来 He cheered up at once when I promised to help him . We have to work harder at cheering up the patients .6set up = found = establish 建立,成立,搭起When Edison was only ten , he set up a small lab of his own . They set up a tent near the stream . He needs money to set up a special school for the blind . 7. be home to 成为的家园, 是（某人的）家 He was born in London , but now Paris is home to him . Beijing is home to Mr Green since he came to China .8. volunteer ones time to do sth 自愿献出某人的时间做某事 He volunteers his summer holiday to look after the old man every year .9. Put sth to good use = make good use of sth 充分利用某物 Workers are all glad to put the new machine to good use . As students in Grade 9 , we should put our time to good use . = As students in Grade 9 , we should make good use of our time . 10. not only but (also )不但而且 ；not only位于句首时,主语和谓语要倒装。 Not only does he like English but also math . Not only is television boring , but it also wastes a lot of time . (1) 位于句首的not only 连接两个并列主语时,不用倒装句；但谓语动词在人称和 数量上要与最靠近的主语相一致。 Not only you but also he is wrong . (2) not only but (also )连接的成分要对等,即名词对名词,动词对动词,介词短语 对介词短语。 Shakespeare was not only a writer , but also an actor . (3) not only but (also )和 as well as 都可表达“不仅而且”之意,但 not only but (also )强调后者,as well as强调前者。 He likes not only music but also sports . = He likes sports as well as music . She is not only pretty but also smart . = She is smart as well as pretty . not but 不是而是 Its not water but oil (油). They dont want your pity（伶悯） but your help .11 get to do sth逐步做某事 The boy gets to know that he is wrong .12. coach (1)及物动词,“训练,指导,辅导” I coach people for English exams . Shell be coaching all summer . （2） 不及物动词,“当教练” He coaches at a boys boarding (寄宿) school . （3） 名词,“ 四轮大马车,长途公共汽车,教练” The football coach was criticized(批评) by the local paper . This is an old state-coach (公共马车) .13. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与（父母等）相似 = look like = be similar to He takes after his father .14. fix up (1) 修理 mend , repair , fix 的区别： （1）mend 一般指修补衣服、鞋袜或只需一人修理的钟表、自行车、电视机等。 My mother is mending my skirt .（2）repair 指修理构造较为复杂、损伤较大的机器、汽车、建筑物等,需要的人多。 They are repairing the house .（3）fix 主要表示“安装,固定”,“修理”只是其中一个意思。 He has had his radio fixed up. 这三个词表示修理小物品如钟表、自行车、电视机等时,可以通用。15 similar 形容词,“相似的,类似的,相象的” We have similar taste in music . I saw something similar in yesterdays newspaper .be similar to 和相近 类似 My problems are very similar to yours . Paul is very similar in appearance to his brother . My opinions on the matter are similar to Janes .be the same as 和相同 一样 The pen is the same as that one .be different from 和不同 My clothes are different from his .16. give away 赠送 常用give away to You can give it away to the charity . Give the money away to the children .17. work out (1) 结果良好,有效 Most of the things he has suggested have worked out . I guess it works out all right . (2) 计算出,解答出（答案,数量等） You can work out the answer by adding all the numbers . The math problem is so difficult that few students can work it out .18. hang out 闲逛 He often hangs out on the street after school .19. send sb. to somewhere 把某人送到某地 In the end , she sent his son to a boys boarding school .send sth to sb. = send sb sth 把某物寄给某人 He sent a letter to me yesterday . = He sent me a letter yesterday . send away 开除 she is so lazy that she is sent away .send for 派人去请 His mother is ill, so he sends for a doctor at once .send up 发射 So far, many man-made satellites have been sent up into space .20. an organization set up to help disabled people .为了帮助残障人士而建立的机构 set up to help disabled people 为过去分词短语做定语,修饰名词organization (1 ) Do you know the boy named jack ? (2 ) - What are on show in the museum ? - some photos _D_ by the children of Yushu, Qinghai . A. have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken (3 ) - what are they talking about ? - A book _C_ by Mo Yan . A. is written B. was written C. written D. writes 还有现在分词短语做定语： (1) He also put up some signs asking for old bikes . (2) - Who is that boy ? - - Which boy ? -The one _ near the window . A. is sitting B. was sitting C. sitting D. sits21. fill with 用把装满 He filled the cup with tea . be filled with = be full of 被装满,充满着 The cup was filled with tea . = The cup was full of tea . Im full of self-confidence . = Im filled with self-confidence .22 make it possible for sb. to do sth 使某人有可能做某事 Your help makes it possible for him to pass the exam . 23. help sb. out 帮助某人解决困难 It was kind of him to help me out . Please help him out .24. take , bring , fetch , carry 的区别:(1) take 意为“带走,拿走”,指从说话的地方将人或物带到别的地方 please take these things to your sister .(2) bring “ 带来”, 指把人或物从别的地方带到说话的地方 could you bring your photos to school tomorrow ? (3)fetch “ 去拿,去取 ” , 指离开说话的地方去拿到某物再回来 Theres little salt here . could you go to fetch some ? (4) carry 不含任何方向的意思,侧重与用手或身体的某个部位“携带、搬运” She can carry the heavy box .25. support (1) 动词,“支撑,支持,供养” I was supported by my parents when I was studying . He needs a high (收入) to support such a large family . Her father supported her until she got married . Which football team do you support ? (2) 名词,“支持,支援” We need your support . Jim was a great support to us when my father died .26. donate 动词, 捐赠 We donated some money to the sick boy last month . Look ! she is donating some clothes to the old peoples home . donation 名词, 捐赠的款物 These students can continue going to school because of your donation .27 in silence 默默地, 无声地 She sat there in silence . He is listening to his father in silence . 28. keep ones promise 遵守诺言 I had to keep my promise . Sindy had all her hair cut off .29. be pleased with sb. sth =be satisfied with 对 感到满意 My father is pleased with me . Mr Zhang is pleased with her performance (表现).30. stop keep prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 Who can stop the dog from the classroom ? Nothing can stop me from achieving my dreams .31. be glad to do sth. 很高兴做某事 Im very glad to meet you . They are glad to be students of Mr Zhang .二 感叹句 表示说话时较为强烈的感情, 如喜悦、赞叹、惊异、愤怒、厌恶等。1. what 引导的感叹句what + ( a an ) + 形容词 + 名词 + ( 主语 + 谓语 ) ! (1) what + a an + 形容词 + 单数名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语 ) ! What a good boy ( he is ) ! What an interesting book ( it is )! (2) what + 形容词 + 复数名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语 ) ! What beautiful flowers ( these are )! What big rooms ( they are )! (3) what + 形容词 + 不可数名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语 ) ! What good news ( it is ) ! What fine weather ( it is )! 在这种感叹句中, 主语和谓语通常会省略. 2. how 引导的感叹句 How + 形容词 副词 + 主语 + 谓语 !(1) how + 形容词 + 主语+ 谓语 ! How clever you are ! How beautiful she is ! How strong they are ! -人称代词做主语, be 动词做谓语. (2) how + 形容词 + 主语+ 谓语 ! How beautiful the girl is ! How tall the buildings are ! How delicious the food is ! - the + 名词 做主语, be 动词做谓语. (3 ) how + 副词 + 主语+ 谓语 ! How fast he runs ! How fast the train is moving ! How hard his father works ! - 行为动词做谓语 (2) how + 主语 + 谓语 ! How it blows ! How time flies ! How I miss you ! 3. what 引导的感叹句可以和 “ How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语 !” 转换. 也就是 1 what 引导的感叹句 中的例子可以转换为: How good the boy is ! How interesting the book is ! How beautiful the flowers are ! How big the rooms are ! How good the news is ! How fine the weather is ! - the + 名词 做主语, be 动词做谓语. 练 习 一、单项选择1Remember to _ the lights before you leave the lab. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down 2. We have to _ the picnic because of the rain . A. put on B. put down C. put up D. put off 3. This is your jacket . Youd better _ . A. put it on B. put on it C. put up it D. put down it5. Ive _ petrol (汽油), so I have to stop . A. run out B. running out of C. running out D. run out of 6Could you tell me something about Hong Kong ? Im _ going there for a holiday soon . A. looking up B. thinking about C. trying out D. finding out 7. After years of hard work , his dream _ in the end .8. Dont _ your coat , tom ! Its easy to catch a cold in spring . A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out 9. Its getting warmer and warmer . The flowers start to _ .10. The little girl _ her friends mother when I came in . A. takes after B. took after C. is taking after D. was looking after 11. These strategies _ very fine . A. kept out B. go out C. worked out D. worked in 12. The room is _ smoke . I cant see . A. filled with B. filled of C. full with D. fulled of13. Sally has many friends . My brother is _ . A. a friend of her B. a friend of hers C. a friend of she D. her a friend 14. I cant work out this problem . Who can help me _ ? A. of B. on C. in D. out 15. Hi, jack . my schoolbag is on the bed in my bedroom .Could you _ it for me ? A. take B. bring C. fetch D. carry 16. I dont like the green apples . Please give me some red _ . A. one B. it C. ones D. they 二、改写同义句1Hes run out of his money . Hes _ _ his money .2. Jack takes after his father . Jack _ _ _ his father .3. He was repairing a TV set at that time . He was _ _ a TV set at that time .4. How did you solve the problem ? How did you _ _ the problem ?5. Please give out the sweets to your fri