【创新设计】高考英语总复习 216第六章情态动词和虚拟语气课件（江苏专用）.ppt

第六章情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词和虚拟语气讲解 一 情态动词 一 情态动词的基本用法1 can could 1 表 能力 例1 justbepatient you expecttheworldtochangesosoon 2010 全国 a can tb needn tc maynotd whether答案a 例2 we eatinarestaurantbecausenoneofushadanymoneyonus a can tb couldn tc maynotd mightnot答案b 2 表 许可 回答could的提问常用can 一般不用could 例3 couldiuseyourbike yes surelyyou a mightb willc cand could答案c 3 could一般只表过去的能力 若表示过去的能力得到了实施 一般用was wereableto 不用could 例4 thefirespreadthroughoutthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone getout a hadtob wouldc couldd wasableto答案d 2 may might 1 表 许可 can 若表示 不可以 禁止 用mustn t或can t 回答might的提问常用may 一般不用might 例5 itakethebookout i mafraidnot 2010 四川 a willb mayc mustd need答案b 例6 mightiuseyourpen yes ofcourseyou a mayb mustc couldd might答案a 例7 mayiwatchtvnow no you a canb mustn tc couldn td mightn t答案b 2 may表 祝愿 置句首 主谓要倒装 例8 goodlucktoyou and allyourwishescometrue a canb mayc mustd might答案b 3 must haveto 1 表 必须 must强调主观看法 haveto强调客观需要 例9 thisisabadparty wereally go thisisalovelyparty butwe gobecauseofourbaby a mustb mayc cand haveto答案 a d 2 mustn t意为 禁止 不准 haven tto意为 不必 needn t 例10 you practicethedrumswhilethebabyissleeping a haven ttob mightn tc mustn td won t答案c 3 must表 偏要 硬要 例11 why youalwaysinterruptme a canb willc mayd must答案c 例12 mayismokehere ifyou chooseaseatinthesmokingsection a shouldb couldc mayd must答案d 4 以must开头的一般疑问句 若要作否定回答 常用needn t或haven tto 一般不用mustn t 例13 musticomeatfouro clock oh no you comeatfour a won tb needn tc can td mustn t答案b 4 oughtto should 1 意为 应该 表义务或责任 oughtto的语气比should稍重 例14 it snearlyseveno clock jack behereatanymoment a mustb needc shouldd can答案c 2 should表 竟然 万一 例15 youcan timaginethatawell behavedgentleman besorudetoalady a mightb needc shouldd would答案c 例16 ifyou haveanydifficultyingettingspareparts ringthisnumber a oughttob shouldc willd would答案b 5 need 1 意为 需要 作情态动词用时 须跟动词原形 无人称 数 时态的变化 一般只用于否定句或疑问句中 在肯定句中一般用作行为动词 例17 idon tmindtellingyouwhatiknow you i mnotaskingyouforit a mustn tb maynotc can td needn t答案d 例18 idon tthinkhe anewcomputer a needtobuyb needsbuyc needbuyd need答案c 2 以need开头的一般疑问句 若要作肯定回答 常用must 一般不用need 例19 needicome yes you a needb mustc needn td mustn t答案b 6 dare意为 敢 作情态动词用时 须跟动词原形 有过去式 dared 无人称 数的变化 主要用于否定句 疑问句或条件句中 在肯定句中一般用作行为动词 例20 iwonderhowhe thattotheteacher a daretosayb daresayingc notdaresayd daredsay答案d 例21 she tellthebossbecauseshedoesn twanttomaketrouble a doesn tdaretob notdarec daren ttod daresnotto答案a 7 shall 1 用于疑问句中征求意见 主语是第一 三人称 例22 let sgoshopping we a don tb willc shalld mustn t答案c 例23 professorsmith manystudentswanttoseeyou theywaithereoroutside a dob willc shalld would答案c 2 用于陈述句中表示说话人的允诺 告诫 威胁 命令等 主语多为第二 三人称 例24 ihaven tgotthereferencebookyet buti llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth don tworry you haveitbyfriday 2010 江苏 a couldb shallc mustd may答案b 例25 mikeisabsentfromclass tellhimhe answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat a shallb willc wouldd can答案a 8 will would 1 用于征求意见 主语是第二人称 例26 youbeherewhenwegetback surely a shallb willc dod mustn t答案b 2 表 意志 意愿 用于各种人称 主语若为无生命的东西 won t不表意愿 而是 就是不 之意 例27 ipushedthesecond handcarinthemudwithmyfullstrength butit move a won tb wouldn tc mightn td couldn t答案b 3 表 习惯 will指现在的习惯 would指过去的习惯 例28 whenhewasthere he gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday a wouldb shouldc hadbetterd might答案a 二 情态动词表推测的用法推测现在的情况 后接动词原形 推测正在进行的情况 后接动词的进行时 推测过去的情况 后接动词的完成时 1 must只用于肯定句中 意为 一定 例29 goodmorning i vegotanappointmentwithmisssmithinthepersonneldepartment ah goodmorning you bemrs peter 2010 北京 a mightb mustc wouldd can答案b 例30 ididn thearthephone i asleep a mustbeb musthavebeenc shouldbed shouldhave答案b 例31 doyouknowwhattomisdoingatthecrossroads he forhisgirlfriend a shouldwaitb mustbewaitingc canhavewaitedd mightwaiting答案b 2 can could多用于否定句或疑问句中 二者一般没有时间上的差异 只是could的语气更客气委婉 can t couldn t意为 不可能 例32 i mafraidmr harding seeyounow he sbusy 2010 全国 a can tb mustn tc shouldn td needn t答案a 例33 therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell it acomfortablejourney a can tbeb shouldn tbec mustn thavebeend couldn thavebeen答案d 例34 theworldwidewebissometimesjokinglycalledtheworldwidewaitbecauseit beveryslow a shouldb mustc willd can答案d 3 may might用于肯定句或否定句中 might不是may的过去式 只是might的可能性比may小 maynot mightn t意为 可能不 例35 peter comewithustonight butheisn tverysureyet a mustb mayc cand will答案b 例36 isjohncomingbytrain heshould buthe not helikesdrivinghiscar a mustb mightc cand need答案b 例37 ican tunderstandwhyourbossislate he theearlybus a couldmissb mayhavemissedc canhavemissedd mightmiss答案b 4 oughtto should意为 按理应该 例38 whencanicomeforthephotos ineedthemtomorrowafternoon they bereadyby12 00 a canb shouldc mightd need答案b 三 情态动词 havedone 的虚拟用法1 oughtto shouldhavedone表示过去本应该做而实际上未做 含有责备的口气 例39 i havewatchedthatmovie it llgivemehorribledreams 2010 山东 a shouldn tb needn tc couldn td mustn t答案a 例40 i lltellmaryabouttheresultofherfinalexamination you heryesterday a oughttotellb maytellc wouldhavetoldd oughttohavetold答案d 2 couldhavedone表示过去本能够做而实际上未做 含有责备或遗憾之意 例41 you yourteacherforhelp heiskind hearted yes awholedaywaswasted a canb musthaveaskedc couldhaveaskedd shouldn thaveasked答案c 3 mighthavedone表示过去本可以做而实际上未做 含有责备或遗憾之意 例42 he youmorehelp eventhoughhewasverybusy a mighthavegivenb mightgivec mayhavegivend maygive答案a 4 needn thavedone表示过去本没有必要做 但实际上做了 含有遗憾之意 例43 mark havehurried afterdrivingattopspeed hearrivedhalfanhourearly 2010 天津 a needn tb wouldn tc mustn td couldn t答案a 例44 shewastoonervoustoreply butfortunatelyshe anything a didn tneedtosayb needn thavesaidc needn tsayd doesn tneedtosay答案a 二 虚拟语气 一 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型1 若与现在事实相反 条件从句的谓语用一般过去时 be通常用were 主句谓语用 would should could might 动词原形 例45 ifplaces alike there littleneedforgeographers a are shouldbeb are willbec were bed were wouldbe答案d 2 若与过去事实相反 条件从句的谓语用过去完成时 主句谓语用 would should could might have 过去分词 例46 ifhe he thatfood luckily hewassenttothehospitalimmediately a waswarned wouldnottakeb hadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakenc wouldbewarned hadnottakend wouldhavebeenwarned hadnottaken答案b 3 若与将来事实相反 条件从句的谓语用一般过去时 be通常用were 或should 动词原形或wereto 动词原形 主句谓语用 would should could might 动词原形 例47 whatwouldhappeniftheearth stopturning a willb wouldc couldd wereto答案d 例48 ithinkit muchbetterifhe ajobsoon yes iagreewithyou a wouldbe gotb is willgetc wouldhavebeen hadgotd willbe got答案a注 当条件从句使用 should 动词原形 这样的谓语时 主句也可用陈述语气或祈使句 例49 letmeknowifyou somemorenews a heardb wouldhearc shouldheard weretohear答案c 例50 ifyou interested i youthewholestory a shouldbe willtellb wereto willtellc were willtelld are wouldtell答案a 二 错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致 如从句指过去 而主句却指现在或将来 此时应根据具体的语境 结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作出相应的调整 例51 weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrowifwe everythingreadybynow a haven tgotb hadn tgotc didn td don tget答案b 例52 ifhe quietlyasthedoctorinstructed hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow a liesb layc hadlaind shouldlie答案c 三 含蓄虚拟条件句假设情况不用if从句来表示 而是用without butfor otherwise or but等表示一种含蓄条件 表示与现在或将来相反 用 would should could might 动词原形 表示与过去相反用 would should could might have 过去分词 例53 withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun sheat theearthatnight forustolive a wouldbefreezingcoldb willbefreezingcoldlyc wouldbefrozencoldd canfreezecoldly答案a 例54 hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball otherwisehe agoal a hadscoredb scoredc wouldscored wouldhavescored答案d 例55 butforthestorm we earlier a willarriveb shouldhavearrivedc arrived arrived答案b 四 虚拟语气的省略与倒装有时可将连词if省略 而将从句中的were should had提到主语之前 例56 whatwouldhavehappened asfarastheriverbank a bobhadwalkedfartherb ifbobshouldwalkfartherc hadbobwalkedfartherd ifbobwalkedfarther答案c 例57 youbefired yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff a wouldb shouldc wered will答案b 例58 takengoodcareof hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly a hashebeennotb hadhenotbeenc hasnothebeend hadhebeennot答案b 五 使用虚拟语气的几种从句1 wish后的宾语从句和ifonly后的句子 表示与现在事实相反的愿望 从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时 表示与过去相反的愿望 从句谓语用过去完成时或 would could have 过去分词 表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望 常用 would could 动词原形 例59 howiwisheveryfamily alargehousewithabeautifulgarden a hasb hadc willhaved hashad答案b 例60 iwishi youyesterday a seenb sawc hadseend weretosee答案c 例61 ifonlyhe whatitellhim buthewon t a haddoneb wouldhavedonec woulddod hasdone答案c 2 asif asthough引导的方式状语从句或表语从句 表示与现在事实相反 从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时 表示与过去事实相反 用过去完成时 表示将来的可能性不大 用 would could 动词原形 例62 itseemsasifthesun roundtheearthsinceitrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest a circlesb iscirclingc werecirclingd hasbeencircling答案c注 若从句所说的内容可能为事实 也可用陈述语气 例63 thelastbushasleft itseemsasifwe towalkhome a shallhaveb hadc wouldhaved hadhad答案a 3 it s high about time后的定语从句 从句谓语通常用一般过去时或 should 动词原形 should不可省 例64 istillhaven tthankedauntlucyforherpresent it stimeyou it a dob didc hadd would答案b 4 wouldrather后的宾语从句 通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望 用过去完成时表示过去的愿望 例65 georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry buti dratherhe moreonitsculture 2010 江苏 a focusb focusedc wouldfocusd hadfocused答案b 5 一个 坚持 insist 两个 命令 order command 三个 建议 advise suggest propose 四个 要求 demand require request ask 后的宾语从句 一般用 should 动词原形 should可省 例66 thejudgeorderedthatthethief punished a wouldbeb shouldbec wastobed mustbe答案b 例67 he thathecouldfinishthejobwithoutanyhelp a claimedb requiredc demandedd asked答案a注 动词insist suggest后的宾语从句除可用虚拟语气外 也可用陈述语气 区别是 若从句内容尚未成为事实 用虚拟语气 从句内容已经成为事实 用陈述语气 例68 theyoungmaninsistedthathe nothingwrongand free a did setb haddone shouldbesetc do besetd does wouldbeset答案b 例69 jane spalefac