综合英语4-unit2.ppt

UnitTwo SpaceInvaders Whydotheydothat Ifyougetonthissubway wherewouldyousit Ifyouhavetogotothefurtherendofthesupermarket howwouldyougetoverthere So Peopleneedpersonalspacetofeelcomfortable PersonalSpace In1966AnthropologistEdwardHallidentifiedfourdifferentzonesofpersonalspaceAmericansliketokeeparoundthem Howwouldyoufeelifyouwereinanyofthesesituations So Spaceinvaders makepeoplefeeluneasy Sharedplaces Elevators buses theaters andmanyothersimilar sharedplaces tendtoreducepersonalspace Peoplewhoroutinelyfindthemselvesinsuchsituationstendtohavesmallerpersonalspaceandmoretolerancefor spaceinvasion thanthosewhoarenotusedtocrowding Differentculturalideasofpersonalspace LatinAmericanscommonlyputahandontheirconversationpartner sshoulderwhilespeaking esp whenbothparticipantsareofthesamesex ThereisacommonshockinAmericanbusinessmenwhentheygotoLatinAmerica Latinmenthinknothingofgivingeachotheraheartyhugwhentheymeet ThatmightfreakoutanAmericanman whomightwanttoslaphisconversationpartneronthearmorback anactionaLatinowouldfindstartlingorthreatening Differentculturalideasofpersonalspace TheclosestdistancebetweentwopeopleinaconversationtakesplaceinMiddleEastern Theyevenpushandshoveeachother Differentculturalideasofpersonalspace TheBritishkeepabigdistanceswhentheytalktoeachother TheArabkeptmovingforward whiletheBritonkeptbackingawaytoestablishthedistanceatwhichhefeltmostcomfortable Theresultwasacomicalchasearoundthepartyhall theBritonbackingawaywiththeArabinpursuit Differentculturalideasofpersonalspace AsianstendtokeepmuchmoredistancebetweeneachotherthanWesternersdo TheperceptionofpersonalspaceisverystronginJapan Crossingbetweentwopeopleorintrudingintoanother sspacetomovethroughacrowdedroomisseenasruderthaninothercultures Differentculturalideasofpersonalspace InGermany Austria EasternEuropeandtheMiddleEast thebuttockslapisgivenasasignofinsult buttockpat usedinAmericansportsasasignofencouragement Para1 Howdoestheauthordescribetheviolationofpersonalspacethathappenedinabank Heusesaseriesofverbphrasesandadverbialsvividlydescribedtheprocessinwhichthepeopleinline thoughreluctant hadtogiveawaytheirpersonalspacetotheinvaders Para1 Howmanypeopleatleastaredescribedhere Five Canyouplaytheprocess Yes Para1 Whichwordintheparagraphcanvividlysummarizetheprocess Slinky Slinky Para1 Whydoesthewritertellhisexperienceatthebank Becausehewantstoshowtheimportanceofpersonalspaceinmaintainingpublicorder Ifone spersonalspaceisinvaded hemay inpreservinghisownspace breakintoothers personalspace Thischainofreationscancausechaosinpublicorder Para2 Canyoudrawthepersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthor sdiscription Yes Para2 Whatdefinitiondoestheauthorgiveto personalspace Thelastsentence Para3 What sthetopicsentence Thefirstsentence What sthefunctionofthefollowingsentences Examplestoillustratethetopicsentence Para3 Howmanyexamplesarethere Whataretheoccasions Wedge n awedgeofcakevi forceintoanarrowspaceThedictionarywon twedgeintosuchanarrowspace Wedge vt wedgesth sb into throughThepeoplesittingclosetomewerewedgingmeintothecorner bewedged in betweentwopersonswedgeawindowtopreventitfromrattling Wedge 我被紧紧夹在两个乘客中间下不了公共汽车了 IwassotightlywedgedbetweentwootherpassengersthatIcouldn tgetoffthebus 她的箱子里再也塞不进别的东西了 Shecouldn twedgeanotheritemintohersuitcase ABusinWuhan Zigzag n adj Zigzag vi moveforwardbygoingatananglefirsttoonesidethentotheotherWearezigzaggingupthehill Themotorbikewaszigzagginginandoutofthetraffic Lightningzigzaggedacrossthesky adv Thepathranzigzagupthehill Zigzag 那个醉鬼歪歪倒倒地沿街走去 Thedrunkenmanzigzaggeddownthestreet Jostle vi vt push elbow orbumpagainst someone roughly typicallyinacrowdjostleone swayjostleagainststh Synonym bump push shove thrust pressDon tjostle against me Thecrowdjostledintothenewstadium Jostle Synonym push elbow press shove Jostle 我们被人群挤来挤去 Wewerejostledinthecrowd 我终于挤下了车 Ifinallyjostledmywayoffthebus Carveout establishorcreatesomethingthroughpainstakingeffortHecarvedhimselfoutanicepositioninthebusiness Hecarvedoutacareerforhimself ridersarenolongertakingpainstocarveoutlittlezonesofspace subwaypassengersarenolongertryingtoestablishsomepersonalspacebetweenthem 地铁乘客不再努力营造小范围的私人空间 Fidgety adj impatientoruneasyTravelinginplanesmakesmefidgetyMaryisalwaysfidgetingabouthermother shealth Fidget v makesmallmovements especiallyofthehandsandfeet throughnervousnessorimpatienceHurryup yourfatherisbeginningtofidget What sfidgetingyou fidgetabout with Fidget n pl Ialwaysgetfidgetsduringlongmeetings 会议开得长我就坐不住了Havingtositstillforalongtimeoftengivessmallchildrenthefidgets 久坐往往使小孩子们烦躁不安 Para4 Whatdoes thistendency referto Thephenomenonexemplifiedinthepreviousparagrapgh thatis personalspaceisbeinginvadedmorethaneverbefore Whatdidtheauthorthinkcausedit populationexplosion season stimulatingeffectofcaffeine Para4 Whichexpressionsgiveyoutheclue attribute to wonderedif orperhaps What sthemainideaofthisparagraph Possiblecausesofspaceinvasion attribute to believe something tobetheresultofJimattributeshissuccesstohardwork Thecaraccidentwasattributedtofaultybreaks Synonym owe to ascribe to attribute to 他们把成功归因于老师的鼓励 Theyattributetheirsuccesstotheirteacher sencouragement 两位教皇都死于心脏病 Thedeathsofbothpopeswereattributedtoheartattacks relentless adj neverending oppressivelyconstantHewasrelentlessinhispursuitoffameandfortune withoutpityrelentlesspersecutionbyBloodyMary relentless relentv becomelesssevere giveupunkindorcruelintentionsFatherobjectedatfirstbutthenrelentedandletusgocampingbyourselves relentlesslyadv Hebeathischildrelentlessly relentless 绵绵秋雨后 气温下降了 Itcoolsdownafterarelentlessautumnalrain Malthusianlogic note4 p21FamilyPlanningSysteminChina T shirtweather weatherinwhichpeoplewearT shirts proximity n formal nearnessinspace time orrelationshipin close proximityto intheproximityofintheproximity ieneighbourhood ofthebuildingTherestaurantbenefitsfromitsproximitytoseveralcinemas Synonym nearness closeness proximity proximateadj nearest proximity 多少世纪以来 它们的巢穴一直都紧靠人类 Forcenturiesandcenturies theirnestshavebeenplacedinclosestproximitytoman Theresearchwasfacilitatedbyproximitytoalargelibrary 靠近大图书馆给那项研究提供了便利 alluring adj charming fascinatingDrizzlingmakesthesmalltownmorealluring Wearingthenewblouse shelookedmorealluring allure v powerfullyattractalluresb from allure sb intoThewindowdisplaysallurecustomerstobuygoods Rewardsallurementobravedanger 重赏之下必有勇夫 Synonym lure temptn attractiveness charm I vewonderedifit stheseason ormuch muchless Ihavesuspectedthatmaybethecause ofthespaceinvasion istheseason summermayeithermakepeoplewanttobeclosertoeachotherormorelikely tokeepadistancebetweeneachother 我怀疑是季节造成了空间侵略 T恤也许会让人们想亲密接触 也更可能让彼此疏远 Proliferation n rapidincreaseinnumbersnuclearnon proliferationtreaty防止核扩散条约 proliferate vi increaserapidlyinnumbers因为核武器的扩散 世界变得越来越不安全 Theworldisbecomingmoreandmoreunsafeduetotheproliferationofnuclearweapons infuse vt put pour aquality etc into fill somebodywith sthintosb sth sb sthwithsthTheleaderhadthegiftofbeingabletoinfuseenthusiasmintothemostskepticalmemberofthegroup Thenewsinfusedtheworkerswithnewlife infusionn infuse 将军的话使士兵充满勇气 Thewordsofthegeneralinfusedfreshcourageintothesoldiers Nowtherearemoreandmorereturnedstudents whowillinfusenewbloodintothetechnologydevelopmentinChina 现在海归越来越多 这将给我国的科技发展注入新鲜的血液 jangle v causetogiveoutaharshmetallicnoise quarrelnosilyHervoicejanglesonmyearsn thejangleofthetelephonethejangleofthewailingofpolicesirens keeptooneself remainprivate avoidmeetingotherpeoplesociallyNobodyknowsmuchabouthim hekeeps himself verymuch tohimself 谁都不太了解他 因为他很少与人来往 Orperhapstheproliferationofcoffeebars nolongerkeeptothemselves OrperhapstheincreasingcoffeebarsinManhattanattractmoreandmorepeople whoarestimulatedandexcitedbythecaffeine sothattheybecomeeagertomeetothersandnolongerwanttoremaininprivacy 或者可能是曼哈顿不断涌现的咖啡厅 它们的数量似乎每三个月就会增加一倍 给已经闹个不停的当地人灌下了大量咖啡因 使他们再也耐不住寂寞 Para5 Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying personalspaceismostlyapublicmatter Personalspace firstofall isthespaceyouexpectandareexpectedtokeepbetweenyouandotherpeopleinpublicplacesinordertomaintaintheappropriateinterpersonalrelationship Whichisthetopicsentence Thesecondsentence weallowallkindsofinvasions wouldn texistwithoutthem privatelyweallowmaypeoplearoundustoinvadeourpersonalspaceinordertoestablishcloserelationshipswiththem whichensuresthathumanbeingsdevelopasocietyofintimacyandlove 私下里我们允许各种入侵私人空间的形式 没有它们就不会存在仁爱社会 Thelogisticsofitvaryaccordingtogeography Peopleindifferentregionsaregivendifferentsizesofpersonalspace 对私人空间的安排随地域变化 logistics theskillfulorganizationofdoingsomethingsothatitcanbedonesuccessfully tread v setone sfootdown walkorsteptreadonsb stoes offendorannoysbIdon twanttotreadonanyone stoes treadonair beveryhappy atsomenews Atthenewsthathepassedthedrivingtest hetrodonairallafternoon Synonym trample coin v make coins bystampingmetalinvent anewwordorphrase someonewithaspread thosepeoplewhohaveafarmandthushavealargespacetothemselves Don ttreadonme couldhavebeencoinedonlybysomeonewithaspread Don tstepintomyspace Thiscouldhavebeensaidonlybyapersonwhohasalargepersonalspace 别挤到我的地盘 这样的话只会出自一位有很大私人空间的人士 wager v moreformaltermfor betwageronsth wagersb that Youwon tfindbettergoodsanywhereelse I llwager n lay makeawager lose winawager wager Iwageryou5poundsthattheywillwinthenextelection 我和你赌5英镑 他们会赢得下届选举 trespass v entersomeone slandorpropertywithoutpermission trespassonsomeone sprivatepropertytakeadvantageofsthinaselfishway usesthunreasonablyIdon twanttotrespassonyourhospitality 我不想叨扰你 n trespass 他们不该耽误她的工作时间 Theyshouldnottrespassonherworkingtime ToanEnglishman ahandshake maycomeacrossaschilliness Englishmenusuallyhavearoomierconceptofpersonalspace therefore evenahandshakecanbetakenasaninvasion whileBrazilianswouldonlyacceptahugasawarmgreeting 对于英国人 握手都显得有些冒犯 但是对于巴西人 不拥抱就让人觉得冷漠 Para6 What sthekeywordinthisparagraph Manners Whydidtheauthordiscuss manner here Heconsideredthedeclineofmannerstobeoneofthecuasesofspaceinvasion plow n v forceaway andmakeatrack mutter v saysomethinginalow orbarelyaudiblevoiceTheoldwomanmutteredtoherself Thedissatisfiedworkmanmutteredathreat Synonym murmur grumblen mutter 当那人走过时 我们听见他嘟哝着什么 Weheardthemanmutteringsomethingashewalkedby 当士兵们得知所有假期都被取消时 他们生气地低声抱怨 Thesoldiersmutteredangrilywhentheyheardthatallleaveshadbeencanceled bump v knockorstrike something withadull soundingblowThechildbumpedhisheadonthetable bumpinto encounterbychance runacrossMarywaswalkingdownthestreet whenshesuddenlybumpedintoJoan bump v movewithajerky joltingmotion likeacartonabadroad Theheavybusbumpedalongtheroughmountainroad bump bumpn bumpyadj Theysufferedthebumpyridefor3hours lament v expressregretordisappointmentoversomethingconsideredunsatisfactory unreasonableorunfairlament for adeadfriendlament over one smisfortunesn lamentableadj regrettable lament Properformoflament Hisexaminationresultswere Thepoorlady overhermisfortune lamentable lamented Thedeclineofmannershasbeenwidelylamented Wehavebeengrievingatthedeterioratedmannersofoursociety 我们对礼节的退化深表遗憾 grant v agreetogiveorallow somethingrequested Thefirmgrantedhimapension agree thatsomethingistrue n moneyorlandfromagovernmentStudentsinthiscountryreceiveagrantfromthegovernment grant Collocation1 Granted but We vebeensuccessfulthisyear Granted Butcanwedoitagainnextyear Paraphrase Yes wehave Butcanwebesuccessfulagainnextyear grant 2 Granted that Granting that Grantinghishonesty hemaybemistaken Paraphrase Althoughheisanhonestperson hedoeswrongsometimes 3 take forgranted Para7 Dospaceinvadersrespectotherpeople spersonalspace No Theywanttohaveasmuchspacetothemselvesaspossible I vealsonoticedanincrease asenseofmanifestdestiny I vealsonoticedthattheproblemofspaceinvasionbecomesmoreandmoreserious andthosespaceinvaders actinginthesamewayastheterritoryexpansionistsusuallydo seizepublicspaceasamatterofcourse 我注意到入侵私人空间的行为日益严重 这些地盘扩张者把占据公共空间视为理所当然 stake out aclaimto markout apieceofland etc asone sown中国声称对南沙群岛拥有主权 ChinastakesaclaimtotheSpratlyIslands NanshaIslands annex v takecontroloflandorpropertywithoutpermissionJapanannexedKoreain1910 日本在1910年吞并了朝鲜 n anadditionthatextendsamainbuildingannexationn elbowroom spaceinwhichonecanmovefreelyIneed some moreelbow room 我需要大一些的活动空间 routine adj usual ordinary habitual regulartheroutineprocedureadullroutinejobn fixandregularwayofdoingthingsdosthasamatterofroutineroutinelyadv commandeer v takepossessionofsomethingofficiallyorunfairlyThepolicemencommandeeredataxitochasetherobbers Thelocalhotelwascommandeeredforthewounded booth n smallenclosureorcompartmentforaspecificpurposeatelephoneboothapollingbooth Para8 Whyisthepersonalspaceshrinkingingeneral Becauseoftheexpansionofself absorption shrink v processorresultofbecominglessorsmallerThesweaterwillshrinkifwashedimproperly v moveback showunwillingnesstodosth fromshame horror etc Sheshrankbackfromthehorrifyingspectacle shrinkagen processofshrinking degreeofshrinking beproportionalto increaseordecreaseatthesamerateastheotherthingincreasesordecreases beinproportionto berelativetosth Paymentwillbeinproportiontoactualworkdoneratherthanthetimespent 报酬将与工作量而不是花费的时间成比例 proportion inproportion inthecorrectrelationtootherthingsoutofproportionto inthewrongrelation tootherthings Herfeaturesareinproportion 她五官端正 Herheadisoutofproportiontothesizeofherbody 她的头部与身体大小不成比例 self absorption n thecharacteristicofthinkingaboutthingsconcerningoneselfwithoutnoticingotherpeopleorthethingsaroundhimSoexcitedwashethatheforgotallaboutCarrie whofellbehind wonderingathisself absorption soup n v soupsthup esppassive increasethepowerof acar etc bymodifyingtheengineThe new filmisjustasouped upversionofthe1948original 这部 新 电影只不过是在1948年的原版的花哨版本而已 individualsroutinelycommandeerboothsandsetsoffacingseatsmeantforfoursomes individuals asusual occupyboothsandseatswhicharedesignedforfourpeople 一般总会有人独占电话亭或四人座位 personalspaceispsychological notphysical withourinnerspace personalspaceismoreapsychologicalmatterthanaphysicalone Ifourpsychologicalpersonalspacegetssmaller ourphysicalpersonalspacewillshrink too 私人空间是心理问题 而非身体距离 比起外在距离 内心空间与此有更大联系 Eventhefocusofsciencethesedaysismicro notmacro Evensciencefocusesontheintra personal innerworldratherthantheinterpersonal outersocietythesedays 这些年就连科学研究也是着眼于微观 而非宏观 TheHumanGenomeProjectismappingtheuniverseofthegeneticcode TheHumanGenomeProjectisdescribinghowthegeneticcodeworks 人类基因工程正在规划基因密码领域 Para9 Whatdoestheauthordecidetodoatlast Toexpandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace How Throughrefusingtoinvadeothers personalspaceevenifhisownisbeinginvaded contract v becomesmallerorshorterMetalscontractincoldwater Iwill canbecontractedto I ll contractibleadj contractionn contract Comparetocontractv makeanagreementWecontractedwithalocalcarpenterforthewoodworkinournewboat catchanillness form badhabits Mysonhascontractedaseverefever n Inthesamewaythatthebreezefromabutterfly swingsinJapan boundariesofpersonalspace Becausetheinitialinvasionofpersonalspacecancauseachainofreactions whichmaybringaboutacatastrophicconsequence asthebreezefromabutterfly swingsinJapan ifitinitiatesachainofwaves mayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia Ihavedecidedtoenlargetheshrinkingpersonalspace 蝴蝶振翅在日本带来的习习微风 到了加利福尼亚就会导致海啸大浪 我决定要扩大正在萎缩的私人空间边界 breathedownsb s neck beclosebehindsb eginarace watchsb too closely你这样紧紧盯着我 使我精神无法集中 Ican tconcentratewithyoubreathingdownmyneck Para9 Whydoestheauthordecidetoexpandhiscontractingboundariesofpersonalspace TextComprehension P21 IWhat sthepurposeoftheauthor StructureAnalysis PartOnePhenomenonParas 1 2PartTwoAnalysisParas 3 7PartThreeSolutionPara 8 9 accordingtoTeacher sBook RhetoricalFeatures WritingStyle apieceofdescriptionPickouttheverbsfromthetextwhichareusedtodescribethebehaviorofspaceinvaders Synonymy inch advance sidle shuffle wedge zigzag jostlefidgety janglingproliferation increase spreaddeclineofmanners shrinkingofpersonalspace contractingboundariesofpersonalspace Assignments Looku