现在完成时与过去完成时及完成时应用讲解.doc

天材教育助你成功 一对一个性化课外辅导先进理念倡导者 天材教育 教师课堂教案学生姓名教师姓名付钰上课时间12.22 学科英语年级九年级课时进度 第 课时 教学目标现在完成时与过去完成时具体用法与辨析教学重点现在完成时与过去完成时具体用法与辨析教学难点在不同的语境中正确使用现在完成时与过去完成时教学过程教师活动学生活动现在完成时：1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）I have lost my bike ,so I have to walk to school.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。I havet seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次 He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？注意事项：1.现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivebe here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe backleave be awayfall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep)get upbe up go out be outfinish be over put on wear 或be onopen be open joinbe in close be closedgo to schoolbe a studentborrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。他父亲去世二年了。电影已开始十分钟了。我们学英语已三年了现在完成时和一般过去时的区别2.现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is +形容词最高级+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that Ive （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。二、过去完成时1、定义过去的过去的动作对过去产生的结果和影响By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.动作从过去的过去一直延续到过去的某个时间。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如：He said that he had known her well./ I thought I had sent the letter a week before.过去完成时-语法判定A、由时间状语来判定。一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.B表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. C宾语从句中，当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before. D根据上、下文来判定I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. A.用for 和since填空1. We have learned five hundred words _ the beginning of this term.2. Mrs Liao has been in hospital _a week.3. I have stayed at my aunts _last week.4. He has lived in Nanjing _twenty years.5. Iv known him _I was a child.6. Our teacher has studied Japanese _three years.7. She has been away from the city _about two years.8. Its about ten years _she left the city.B用所给词的适当形式填空。1.We _already_(clean) the classroom .2.Have you_(get) a bike? Yes, I_.3.Have you_(write) a letter to Tom? N o, I_.4.She_ _(not see) the film before. 5.Li Lei_just_(eat)fish and chips.6.I_ _(not do) my homework yet.7.Tom and Jim_ _(be) to the Great Wall before.8. My mother_ _(buy) a new car for a week.9.Have they _(find) the lost boy? No, not yet.9. A: Has she been to Beijing? B: Yes, she _. A: When _she _(go) there?B: Last month.10._you_(finish)your work? No, not yet.11.We_never_(speak) to a foreigner.用have gone或 have been1) Where are the boy students ? They _ to the school factory.2) Is your father in ? No, he _ to Shenzhen. _he ever _ there before ? Yes, he _ there several times3) He asked me if _ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that city before. 1、 -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 2、 -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 4、-Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 一.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen_ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ _ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (be) there before.16. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.17. I _(be) to Shanghai before. 18. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.课堂练习见学生活动课后作业1. Itisverycold.Ithinkit_.(rain) 2. Ididntmeethim.He_whenIgotthere.(leave) 3 Theboyishappybecausehe_(sell)outallthenewspapers. 4She_(notgo)tobeduntilshe_(finish)herwork. 5I_(feel)muchbetterafterI_(take)themedicine. 6.Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had madehave tried B. madehave triedC. has madetried D. madetriedD.2 He _to draw horses already. When _ he ? Last year A. learnedhas B. learneddid C. has learnedhas D. has learneddid7.Where _ John _ ? To the library. He _ there for an hour.A. hasbeenhas gone B. hasgonehas been C. didgowent D. didbewent8. By the time I _ back they _ up ten satellites.A. camehave sent B. camehad sent C. comehave sent D. had comesent9.We _ in a good harvest because we _ enough rain.A. didnt gethad had B. gothad had C. had gothad had D. gothadnt had10. She _ that it _ for two days by that day.A. sayshas rained B. sayshad rained C. saidhad rained D. saidrained11.Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him.（呼和浩特） A. knew B. have known C. mus