跨文化案例分析.docx

A Danish woman in new YorkIt refers to the idea that people coming from another culture are more similar to you than they actually are or that another persons situation is move similar to yours than it in fact is .In this case ,the actress had assumed that Deamark is similar to New York, so what is commonly done in Denmark is also commonly done in New York.Girl- nessThis case reflects one of translation problems ,the lack of conceptual equwalence whick refers to abstranctideas may not exist in the same fashion in different languages .In this case, in China, ”girl” means someone who is young and sigle while “woman” means someone who is married and not young. In the west it is customary to call any female past puberty a woman.A quarrelThis case reflects the different use and understanding of silence can influence the actual laterculteral communication. Different might have different interpretations to silence. Eastern cultures usually attaches more meanings to silence. While most western cultures consider silence to be absence of communication and most rude communicative behavior. In this case Li Hua kept silence to let both of them calm down but Smith misunderstood the silence. A fish out of the waterThis case reflects the American student experiences culture shock, culture shock is the painful experience an individual may encounter when entering a different culture in this case the American student experiences the psychological symptoms of culture shock that is ,frustration and anxiety unfortunately, he chooses to seprate himself from the host culture. Missing chinaThis case reflects reverse culture shock when people return home after a long stay in a foreign culture ,they experience another round of culture shock in their native culture. In this case, John has living in china for a long time and has got familiar with the life there. Therefore , when he returns to Canada ,he cannot adapt well to his native culture.Think about the following similes and metaphors, how do you think culture is related to the references?1, Culture is like an iceberg.2, Culture is our software.3, Culture is like the water a fish swims in.4, Culture is the grammar of our behavior.Reason for the Persistence of Ethnocentrism, Stereotyping, Prejudice and Racisma, Socialization Ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism are learned.b, Social BenefitsExpressing ethnocentrism stereotyping, prejudice and racism may bring support from others who share them.c, Economic BenefitsCan be strong when there is direct competition for jobs.d, Psychological BenefitsEthnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism can be used to generate a feeling of superiority and to explain a complex world in terms of simple causesSignificance of Nonverbal Communication1, nonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we get from conversations2, nonverbal behavior is significant because it spontaneously reflects the subconsciousness.3, nonverbal communication is significant is that we cannot avoid communicating.Functions of Nonverbal Communicationa, Repeating Nonverbal communication can be used to repeat, clarify, and emphasize their point of views.b, ComplementingComplementing can be used to complement the verbal messages.c, Substituting Nonverbal messages may substitute verbal ones in certain settings.d,RegulatingNonverbal behaviors can help control verbal interactions by regulating them.e, ContradictingCertain nonverbal behaviors can contradict spoken words.U-curve PatternGenerally, the U-curve pattern comprises four stages: honeymoon period, crisis period, adjustment period, and biculturalism period.1, during the HP, people feel everything in the host country is new and exciting.2, during the CP, people encounter more and more difference between home culture and host culture and experience culture shock.3, during the AP people begin to accept and learn the host culture.4, during the BP, people are abel to cope with both the home culture and the host culture.1, How does a direct verbal interaction style differ from an indirect one?The direct and indirect styles differ in the extent to which communicators reveal their intentions through their tone of voice and the straightforwardness of their message. In the direct verbal style, statements clearly reveal the speakers intentions. In the indirect verbal style, on the other hand, verbal statements tend to hide the speakers actual intentions.2, How do self-effacement and self-enhancement verbal styles differ?The self-enhancement verbal style emphasizes the importance of boasting about ones accomplishments and abilities. The self-effacement verbal style, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of humbling oneself via verbal restraints, hesitations and modest talk.3, How can you distinguish elaborate, exacting, and succinct styles?An elaborate style emphasizes flashy and embellished language. An exacting style, where persons say no more or less than is needed. A succinct style is characterized by the use of concise statements, understatements, and even silence.4, How does a personal style differ from a contextual one?Emphasizes the individual identity of the speaker. A contextual style highlights ones role identity and status.5, How do instrumental and affective styles differ?An instrumental verbal style as sender-based and goal-outcome based. An affective communication style is receiver and process oriented.*Acculturation: refers to an individuals learning and adopting the norms and values of the new host culture. *Assuming similarity instead of difference: refers to the idea that people coming from another culture are more similar to you than they actually are or that another persons situation is more similar to yours than it in fact is.*Context: refers to the setting or situation in which communication takes place.*Culture identity: refers to ones sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.*Culture pattern: refer to shared beliefs, values, norms, and social practices that are stable over time and that lead to roughly similar behaviors across similar situations. *Culture shock: refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a