英语听力技巧15点.doc

英语听力技巧15点 Tip 1: If you dont understand something right away, dont give up. Keep listening. The speaker might say something later that will help you understand the main idea.Tip 2: Listen for key words. Key words are stressed. They are louder, longer, and higher pitched than other words. These are the words that the speaker thinks are most important in a sentence. For example, notice the stress and intonation in this dialogue: A: I went to the store. B: Which store?Tip 3: Think about the situation and ask yourself these questions: Who is speaking? What is the relationship between the speakers? What are they talking about? Where are they? How do they feel?Tip 4: Pay attention to body language, gestures, and facial expressions. This may give you a better idea about what someone is saying.Tip 5: Listen with a specific purpose in mind. Ask yourself what you are listening for. Are you listening for general understanding of the whole lecture or conversation? Or are you listening for specific information?Tip 6: Think about the speakers attitudes or feelings. Is the speaker certain, uncertain, angry, happy, serious, joking? The tone of voice can help you understand someones feelings on a topic. Tip 7: Check your understanding by asking the speaker questions. For example, use expressions like “Could you repeat that? ”and“ Im sorry, I didnt catch that” when you want the speaker to repeat something.Tip 8: Write down new words and phrases you hear. Dont worry about spelling. Then look the new words up in a dictionary or ask a native speaker to explain what they mean.Tip 9: Notice how spoken English is sometimes different from written English. Many words and expressions, such as phrasal verbs and idioms, are more common in spoken than written English.Tip 10: Dont worry about hearing every word. Often, English words are linked together or shortened so you cannot hear every word clearly. For example, speakers often use contractions (cant instead of cannot) and reductions (wanna instead of want to). Try to focus on the most important words and you will understand the main idea.Tip 11: Listen to how speakers voices go up and down. This is called intonation. What kinds of questions are they asking you? What kinds of responses do they expect from you? Listening to the rise and fall of their voices can help you understand more clearly.Tip 12: Listen for new thoughts. When speakers finish one thought and start a new one, their voices fall to a slightly lower pitch and they may pause between the two thoughts. Also, the words within one thought are often linked together and sound like one big long word.Tip 13: Listen for organization words such as first, then, next, after that, and finally. These words can tell you that a speaker is explaining something in chronological order.Tip 14: Listen to songs in English. Songs can help you get a better feeling for the rhythm of the language.Tip 15: Use closed captioning when watching English-language TV and videotapes. First listen and read the dialogue at the same time, then listen again without reading.打通你的耳朵 大技能听说读写，听排在第一位，可见其重要性。在现实生活中，听却是我们学生包括英语老师的薄弱环节。听的随意和盲目性，导致我们功夫不少下，进步却很慢。具体说，影响听力的因素有： 一、发音不准，造成理解障碍 如果长期读不准单词的发音，听音也肯定不会准确。另有部分学生习惯了听字字清晰的英语，当说话者以正常语速和语调讲话时，他们的理解也会大打折扣。 二、知识面过窄 由于头脑中存储的知识面窄，从而影响了听力。这些知识包括：词汇量、语法、句法、社会文化知识、科普知识等，在听的过程中，如不能把原来存储于大脑的语音、语法与所听到的信息进行比较和利用，对声音就不能做出积极反应。 三、母语影响了听力的反应速度 许多学生听到一段语言信息后，习惯用中文逐句翻译出来，而不是直接将语言转化成一个情景，因而影响了听力理解程度。 针对以上问题，我们在加大听力教学力度的同时，应做到： 一、纠正发音 老师在前期阶段应帮助学生过好语音关，培养学生正确的辨认和运用英语语音、语调、重音、连读等能力。对一些容易发错的音素进行辨析，让学生突破语音关，同时注意培养学生的朗读习惯。对于朗读水平高的学生，专门录制磁带，放出来供大家参考，培养学生读好英语的信心。总之，正确培养学生良好的语感，能促使学生听力的提高。 二、三个阶段教学模式 做好听前准备活动是至关重要的。如果什么活动没准备，就让学生开始听，学生往往感到不知所措，老师通过介绍一些背景知识，并在黑板上写出生词、短语，消除学生的文化障碍，让学生看图片或投影，引导学生讨论有关内容，并提出一些问题让学生回答。通过听前准备，降低了听力材料难度，减轻了听力理解障碍。接着进入实听阶段，要求学生静听录音，边听边说要点，通过分析、对比、判断得出答案。再放录音材料，检查理解程序，最后进入听写阶段，让两个学生复述大意，组织讨论深层问题，总结重点、难点，使学生进一步理解听力材料，并检查听力预期目标是否实现。 三、听写 听写是听力训练的重要形式，它贯穿于英语教学的全过程，常运用的听写内容是课文的句子和概括课文大意的短文。课文句子指一些含固定词组搭配、实用性强的句型，以及引导学生学习兴趣极有文采的句子。除此之外，一些笑话以及所见的小短文都是很好的材料。 四、必要考试技巧指导 考试时保持良好的精神状态，捕捉题目信息，对于较长文章边听边记，也是相当关键，特别是针对题目，记录一些重要细节。记录也要有技巧，如数词用阿拉伯数字记，地名、人名用代号（第一个字母），长词用缩写，长句抓主要成分等。 总之，听更能突出英语交际功能，只有听好，才能把握英语真正的活力和生命力。时间介词at、on、in时间介系词at, on, in（在）： at表示时间的某一点;on表示某日或和某日连用的某一时间段;in用于表示除日以外的某一时间段。一.（1） at表示一天中的某时刻,不用冠词,如:at six oclock（在六点钟）, at dawn（在黎明）, at sunrise（日出时）, at noon（在正午）。I arrived at school at seven.我到学校时是七点。（2） at表示一瞬间或短暂的时间,如:at that moment（在那一瞬间）,at present（目前）,at that time（那时）。Your memory is always poor at this time.你的记忆力到这时候总是不好。（3） at表示节日或年龄,如:at Christmas（在圣诞节,指整个节日）, at the age of ten（在十岁时）。How could you be so forgetful at the age of ten?你才十岁怎么就这么健忘？二.on表示某日或和某日连用的某一时间段,如:on Monday（在星期一）, on Friday afternoon（在星期五下午）, on the morning of August the eighth（在八月八日早晨）, on Christmas Day（在圣诞节,指在当天）。You were late on Monday last week.你上星期一就晚了。You mean I was late on May the fifteenth?你是说我五月十五日晚了？三.in表示年、月、季节、世纪、时代,与定冠词连用表示一天中某个时间段,如:in 1996（在1996年）, in May（在五月）, in spring（在春季）, in the 20th century（在二十世纪）, in the eighties（在八十年代）, in modern times（在现代）, in the night（在晚上）。Sorry, I am late, the first time in May.对不起，我晚了，五月份第一次晚。I got up at six in the morning.我早上六点钟起床。情态动词ought to和had better用法详解ought to+原形动词表示义务、劝告或推测等意义，意思是应该.I am tired. I ought to sit here for a while.我累了，我应该休息一会儿。表示否定时,not放在ought之后。在美语中,在否定句中,ought之后的不定词符号to常可省略。Hey, boy, you oughtnt （to） sleep here. Get up!嘿，孩子，你不应该躺在这儿。起来！在美语中,在疑问句中,ought之后的不定词符号to常可省略。Ought you （to） do it?你应该这么做吗？had better只有一种形式,不是表示过去,而是指现在或未来,表示向对方提出劝告或警告。had better+原形不定词表示最好.You had better give up smoking.你最好把烟戒掉。had better的否定形式是had better not.You had better not throw it on the ground.你最好别把它扔在地上。had better很少用于疑问句,但有时为了表示忠告或建议而用否定疑问句,这时否定副词not位于主语之后。Had you better not talk to yourself?你不要自言自语好不好?动名词与不定词1.有些动词,如attempt, begin, （cant） bear, cease, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, start等,后接动名词或不定词,在意义上无区别。但有时有的在用法上有些不同,大体上说,表示比较抽象的一般行为多用动名词;而表示特指的某次具体的动作,特别是表示未来的动作多用不定词。She likes watching TV on weekends.她喜欢在周末看电视。表示一般行为。She likes to watch TV this weekend.她想在本周末看电视。表示某次具体行为。She hates smoking.她讨厌抽烟。动名词smoking的动作发出者是anybody,泛指的任何人。She hates to smoke.她不喜欢抽烟。to smoke的动作发出者是主语she.2.有些动词,如forget, remember, mean, regret, try等后接动名词或不定词意义不同。表示未来要时,要后接不定词,其他场合要接动名词。Please remember to mail the letter.请记住寄这封信。Then remember to buy the things listed on the paper on your way home.那么请记住在回家的路上买纸上列出的东西。表示记着做,remember要接不定词。I remember borrowing ten pounds from you.我记得向你借了十英镑。记得过去做过的事,remember要接动名词。I forgot to mail the letter.我忘记寄这封信了。表示忘记要去做的事,forget要接不定词。I forgot about borrowing 10 pounds from you.我忘了曾向你借了十英镑。You forgot about cleaning yesterday.你昨天忘记打扫了。表示忘记过去做过的事,forget要接动名词,用简单过去式forgot时,其后常要加about.Ive been trying to get you on the phone.我一直在设法打电话找你。表示设法、试图时,try要接不定词。He tried writing out his views.他试着把他的意见写下来。表示尝试做什么时,try要接动名词。3.动词need, want后接动名词和不定词的用法不同。表示想要或需要的意义时,要接不定词,表示需要的被动意义时,要接动名词的主动式或不定词的被动式。I want to go to the concert.我想去听音乐会。So I want to sleep for a while.所以我想要睡一会儿。want 后接不定词,表示想要。The flowers want（need） watering.这些花需要浇了。The bathroom wants（needs） cleaning.盥洗室需要打扫了。want（need）后接动名词,以主动的形式表示需要的被动意义。4.在afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, beg, choose, claim, dare, decide, decline, demand, deserve, des