微波通信常用器件详解.ppt

Mini CircuitsProductPresentation ByMountNov 22th 2011 Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page2 Mixers Theoutputsignalisalinearcombinationoftwoinputsignalsorpartoftwoinputsignals usuallyitwasusedtogenerateIFsignal Itconsistsofnonlinearelementandfrequency selectingcircuits It sanactivemixer RF RadioFrequency LO LocalOscillate IF IntermediateFrequency Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page3 MixersParameters OperatingFrequency Conversionloss gain RFinputpowertoIFoutputpower LO RFandLO IFisolation TheisolationofLO RFandIFfromeachother P1dB Out In putIP3 orderinterceptpointItshowsthelinearityofsystem Noisefactor Theratioofthenetworkoutputnoiseandidealoutputnoise Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page4 Allkindsofmixers Active Passive HighIP3 upto 37dBm HighReliability HermeticallySealedCeramicQuadsShieldedMetalCase imagerejectmixer ProductsthatLOlevelsspan0to 27dBm Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page5 Amplifier It susuallyusedtoamplifythevoltageorpowerofinputsignals It sa50 lowpoweramplifier Ithasagoodperformanceinfrequency800 1200MHz Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page6 AmplifierParameters OperatingFrequency DCupto20GHz Gain Upto 50dbm Power 1dBcomp Noisefigure Theratioofthenetworkoutputnoiseandidealoutputnoise IP3 Upto55dbm VSWR VoltageStandingWaveRatio ThewavetransmissionfromAtoB theCWsinusoidswillreflectfrommismatchIt stheradioofthereflectwave speakandbottom Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page7 AllkindsofAmplifier GeneralPurpose Itusuallyhasmodestparameters canmeetthemostcasesofuse LNA LowNoise TheNFofMini sLNAcanbecontrolledfrom0 55to2dB GenerallyItwasusedatthefrontofthereceiversettoincreasethegainanddecreasetheNF HighPowerAmplifier Usuallyitwasusedatthebackofthetransmittersettoamplifythepowerofthemodulatedhighfrequencysignal Soitcanreachtherequiretransmittedpower Therearemanyotherusesamplifierslikevariablegainamplifier RFInstrumentamplifier pulseamplifierandsoon Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page8 VCO VoltageControlledOscillator Usuallywecallitfrequencymodulator Itwasmainlyusedtocreatemodulatedsignalsorlocalfrequency It salownoiseVCO TherelationshipbetweenOutputangularfrequencyandcontrolvoltage phase lockedloop Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page9 VCOParameters OperatingFrequencyandSensitivity OutputPower Tuningvoltagerangeandtuningfrequencyrange Theyaretwoimportantperformanceparametersofvoltagecontrolledoscillators VCO butasthetuningrangeincreases theoscillatoramplitudewillvaryatdifferentfrequencies Pullingfactor Thefrequencychangeswhencontrolvoltageincreaseordecrease1V similartosensitivity PhaseNoise InMini scomponents therearefourindicatorsmeasuredat1kHz 10kHz 100kHzand1000kHz Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page10 AllkindsofVCOs LinearTuning WidebandVCO 5VTuningforPLLIC sVCO ItwasusedinPLLcircuits DualOutputVCO Asthefollowingfigure thereisacoupleaddedtotheVCO Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page11 Couplers Coupledividessignalintotwoparts it sdifferentfromcombinerwhichdividessignalintoseveralpartsonaverage Itisadirectionalcouplerschematicdiagram Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page12 CouplerParameters OperatingFrequency Coupling Thedifferenceofinputpowerandcoupledpower MainlineLoss Thedecreasepowerfrominputtooutput Directivity Theratioofcoupledreversepowertocoupledforwardpower Isolation Theratioofinputpowertocoupledforwardpower InputPowerandVSWR Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page13 PowerSplitters Combiners It sa2way 0degreecombiner powersplitter Powerdividercandivideinputpowerintotworoadormultipathoutputequalornotequal Alsoitcanturnthemultipathsignalstooneway inthiswecallitcombiner Infact itisaimpedancematchingequipment Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page14 PowerSplitters CombinersParameters OperatingFrequency Isolation Itistheisolationbetweenbranchports Wehopetheinputpowerfromeachbranchportonlytransferredbyprimaryport notthebranchport AssigningLoss Theassigninglossisrelatedwiththeratioofpowersplitting Forexample bisectingandquarterswith3dBand6dB sloss InsertionLoss ItusuallycausedbytheimpedancemismatchingandVSWR MaximumRFPower Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page15 Parameters PhaseUnbalance degrees andAmplitudeUnbalance dB AllkindsofPowerSplitters Combiners Mini CircuitsbroadlineofPowerSplitters Combinersareofferedinstandardcatalogmodelsupto48way Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page16 RFSwitch It sa50 TTLdriverSwitch Wemayusemechanicalswitch solid stateswitchandMEMSswitchintheRFcircuit Thisisapindiodeswitch ItiscontrolledbyTTLdriversignaltoachievethefunction MEMSswitchcombineswiththeadvantagesofmechanicalandelectronicswitches Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page17 RFSwitch OperatingFrequency TypeSPST SPDT SP4T InsertionLoss Whenturned on thereisainsertionloss Differentbandwithdifferentinsertionloss SwitchingTime IN OUTIsolation ControlLogic SPST SPDT SP4TLogicTruthTable Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page18 Transformers It sa50 TTLdriverSwitch Atransformerisapassivedevicethattransformersorconvertsagivenimpedance voltageorcurrenttoanotherdesiredvalue Essentially atransformerconsistsoftwoormorewindingslinkedbyamutualmagneticfield ItfollowstheFaraday slawofinductionstates Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page19 Transformer WhatisaBalun Abalunisadevicewhichtransformersbalancedimpedancetounbalancedimpedanceandviceversa Ratio Theratioofsecondaryandprimarycoli OperatingFrequency TransformerParameters InsertionLoss DCIsolation Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page20 AllkindsofTransformers Therearemainlytransmissionlinetypetransformersandmagneticcouplingtransformer Powerhanding PhaseUnbalance degrees andAmplitudeUnbalance dB Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page21 Attenuators Ithasoppositionalfunctiontoamplifier Thepoweroutputislessthantheinputpower It sa10dB 0 5Wattenuators Powerlevelcontrol Usedasdecouplingdevice Realizetheimpedancematching Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page22 AttenuatorParameters OperatingRange Attenuation Insertionloss ReturnLoss SWR Power IP3 Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page23 AllkindsofAttenuators Fixedattenuator Relativetotheadjustableattenuators DigitalStepAttenuators Attenuatorswitchedbycontrolsignals Voltagevariableattenuators Ithasawiderangepowersupply Mini Circuitsoffersawidevarietyofattenuatorswithpowerhandlingupto100W Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page24 Filter It salowpassfilterLowfrequencycanpasshighfrequencyisrestrained Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page25 FilterParameters PassBand Stopband VSWR PassbandVSWRandstopbandVSWR IsolationLoss Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page26 AllkindsofFilters Accordingtofrequencyband Lowpassfilter highpassfilter bandpassfilter bandstopfilter Passivefilter JustconsistedofR LandC ithasasimplecircuitandhighreliability butithasaobviousloadeffect Activefilter Usuallyconsistedofoscillatingcircuitandamplifierorothers It sloadeffectisnotobviousandhaveagoodgain Butit sbandwidthcouldbeconstrainedanditisnotreliabilitythanpassivefilter Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page27 Modulators It susedtomodulatecarrierandsignal Sothatitcanbetransferredinspecialsignalchannel It saQPSKmodulators QPSK QuadraturePhaseShiftKeying modulatorsbasicallyprovideconstantamplitude 90 vectors 0 90 180 270 Mini Circuitsproductpresentation Page28 ModulatorsParameters OperatingRange InsertionLoss Theinsertionlossofaphasemodulatorismeasuredst