大学英语四六级考试作文宝典.doc

大学英语四六级考试作文宝典Nowadays, there are more and more 某种现象 in 某种场合. It is estimated that 相关数据. Why have there been so many 某种现象? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is 原因一. Besides, 原因二. The third one is 原因三. To sum up, the main cause of 某种现象 is due to 最主要原因. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, 解决办法一. On the other hand, 解决办法二. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of 某种现象. 为便于读者理解，我特意用这个模板，写了一篇关于ghost writer(捉刀代笔的枪手)的示范性小作文，请您观摩一下。Nowadays, there are more and more ghost writers / 枪手 in Chinas examinations / 中国的考场. It is estimated that 5% examinees are ghost writers / 5%的应试者是枪手. Why have there been so many ghost writers / 枪手? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is hirers ignorance / 雇主无知. Besides, hirers indolence / 雇主懒惰. The third one is hirers obtusity / 雇主迟钝. To sum up, the main cause of ghost writers / 枪手 is due to hirers low IQ / 雇主智商低. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, flagellation / 鞭打. On the other hand, decapitation / 斩首. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of ghost writers / 枪手.四六级答案规律1。ABCD分布均匀。即：20个阅读理解，ABCD基本上是个5个但近年来出现4664的分布，只有一次出现了8个D预测今年：ABCD分别为64462。不可能出现3个答案相同的，例如：AAA这样的答案一般来说是有问题的。3。词汇题是ABCD7887，最多的可以达到9个。如果出现了10个C很有可能有问题。声明：这种规律只能用来检查，不能用用来作题4。听力题，前面十个听到什么就不要选什么，后面十个听到什么选什么。5。作文应该是图表题。切忌使用“There is.”.I think that.这样的句子四六级写作必备（背）句型（1）用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型As the graph depicts , From the cartoon /picture , we can see that According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,The table shows / indicates / reveals that It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that （2）用于句首提出论题或现象的句型Recently , has become the focus of the society .has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life .Nowadays there is a growing concern for Nowadays it is common to hear /see has become a common occurrence in our daily life .Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes In recent years , there is a general tendency Nowadays has become a problem we have to face .（3）用于比较、阐述不同观点的常用句型Some people like / prefer , while others are / feel inclined to There are different opinions among people as to Some believe whole hold Some people claim that is superior to Others , however , disagree with it .Some people believe Others maintain Still others claim Some people suggest Others , however , hold the opposite opinion .On the one hand , people tend to On the other hand , they feel Some people argue that Others , in contrast , believe that Although more and more people come to believe there are still others who insist that On the contrary , there are people in favor of There are some people who hold different opinions about （4）用于陈述个人观点/想法的常用句型My own experience tells me that In my opinion , we should attack more importance to As for my own idea about I believe As far as I am concerned , I plan to Personally , I prefer In my view , both sides are partly right in that But for me , I would rather My own point of view is that In conclusion , I support the statement that As regards me , I tend to choose （5）用于书信写作的常用句型Thank you for your letter of It is a pleasure for me invite you on behalf of to accept Thanks so much for your letter , which arrived I am writing to you with reference to I am writing to you in connection with I would be grateful if you could / would I would like to know some information on It will be appreciated if you can / could I would also like to know if you can / could I look forward to hearing from you .（6）用于结尾的常用句型From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that It is high time that something was done about From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that It is clear , therefore , that All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to It is essential that effective measure be taken to From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that In conclusion ,the most important is On the whole , it is high time that every one As a result , we should take some effective steps to Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that Only in this way / in so doing , can be really 四级考试作文写作常识一、 基本的写作步骤许多考生在拿到作文题后，就雷厉风行地动手写了起来，结果不是写的一塌糊涂就是改得乱七八糟。在四级考试（包括其它水平考试）的写作中，通常进行以下五个步骤：审题、选材、腹稿（包括提纲和正文）、书写、修改。1 审题审题是写作的第一步,也是最关键的一步。因为如果跑题了的话，就几乎不得分了。所以在拿到题后，一定要冷静地弄清题目要求；然后确定文章的文体以及主题思想。通常在四、六级的作文中，有两种形式。一种是给出题目和提纲（中文或英文），另一种是给出题目和每一段的段首句（段首句大多是该段的主题句，其实相当于提纲）。我们应该充分利用这些信息，才不至于跑题。以2001年1月份的试题为例，它的题目是“How to Succeed in a Job Interview?”，给出了两个要点（提纲）：（1）面试在求职过程中的作用（2）取得面试因素：仪表，举止谈吐，能力，专业知识，自信，实事求是.从这些信息来看，这篇文章应该是一篇议论加说明的文章，要求写的是如何在找工作时顺利（成功）通过面试。两个提纲告诉我们，文章至少要分两个部分，第一个部分是议论，说明面试是重要的；第二个部分要从第二点中给出的几个方面挑几点说明怎样去做。但是这两个部分在文章中的比重应该如何？是否要平均？此时应该看到，标题中的关键词是HOW，因此文章的重点应该在第二点，而第一点只是作为引言。那么文章要分为几段呢？在英语文章中，每一段只讨论一个问题。所以第（1）点显然要独立成段，第（2）点因为是文章的重点所在，可以是一个长一点的段或分为几段。但要注意的是，既然第一段是一个引言，那么文章就应该还有一个总结的段落，这是原提纲中没给出来的。2选材确定了文章的主题和轮廓之后，我们就开始考虑要选择哪些要点来阐明主题。选材一定要围绕主题句进行，同时要考虑到全面性。比如在考虑上面第一点时，我们要想到面试对双方都是重要的。对于interviewer来说，通过面试他能对applicant有更好的了解，能通过面试挑到合适的人选等；而对于interviewee来说，他能通过面试更好地了解所申请的工作、薪水、待遇等信息，还能更好地展示自己，还能增强自己的社会知识，能练习与人打交道等。但这些是否都要写进文章中去呢？或者比重是否都应该一样呢？当然不。就面试的作用来说，因为标题是站在求职者的角度来说的，因此面试对于求职者的作用就显得比它对招聘者的作用更为重要。而在后者中增强自己的社会知识、练习与人打交道等方面，并不是面试最重要的方面，就可以舍去。就第二点来说，提纲中给出了许多方面，但这些方面也不能一一都写进作文中去，否则就不是一篇考试作文，而要写一本求职大全了。应该挑最重要的和最好写的去说，别的可以一带而过甚至不提。3. 打腹稿打腹稿是不可省略的一步，但却为许多人所忽视。其实打腹稿就相当于我们平时写作时打草稿，只是考试时没有时间，也没有纸用来打草稿。建议平时写作时，要养成良好的习惯，即使在打草稿时也要仔细想一想要怎么写，在脑子中先将文章“读”一篇。打腹稿时，首先要考虑文章的开头和结尾，然后是各个段落间的衔接和过渡，然后是各个句子怎样写，要注意用自己熟悉的、有把握的句子，同时也要注意句子之间的衔接与连贯。 4. 抄写严格地说，第四步仅仅是将前面三步的结果用笔写到试卷上。这部分不应占用太多的时间，真正需要时间的是前面的三步。5. 修改修改的主要任务是检查一下有无拼写和语法方面的错误，同时注意是否用词有过多的重复。总之，在写作时切忌一边想一边写。二、文章的衔接与连贯在评分标准中，同是否扣题同样重要的是文章的连贯性。往往有的文章扣题倒也扣题了，但还是得不了几分，这其中的原因恐怕与连贯性有很大的关系。这里所说的连贯有两两层含义。一是指文章在内容上是连贯、统一的，文章中所有的句子都是为全文的中心服务的。就各段而言，其中的每一句话都要紧紧围绕着该段的主题句进行，不能说与主题句无关的东西。有人也将其称为统一性。请看一例：The weather has been changeable. On Sunday we had a high wind that blew down some trees. Monday was so cold that we had to turn on the heat and wear out winter coats. On Tuesday we formed a group to go roller skating. By Wednesday the weather cleared and the sun came out. Thursday was as hot and humid as an August day. Friday morning it began to rain, and it looks as if well have a cold, steady wind for a few days.这一段写“最近天气多变”，首句为主题句。扩展句叙述了星期日、星期一、星期三、星期四和星期五的天气情况，用以展开关键词changeable。但星期二没有提天气，而是说当天的活动安排，偏离了主题，打断了段落叙述的连贯性，破坏了段落逻辑意义的统一性，应删去或改为与天气有关的话。再如：Sports benefit us in many respects. When taking part in sports, we get the chance to train almost all parts of our body. There is no doubt that properly balanced physical activities keep us physically fit. Furthermore, sports can enrich our life and maintain our psychological health. Through participation, everyone can learn that on the playing field he not only competes for himself but also for his team. Sports teach us about consideration, cooperation and optimism, and how to cope with difficulties.第一句是本段的主题句，接下来作者从体育运动对身体的好处说了两句，第四句讲述体育运动对心理方面的益处，第五句从团队的方面加以论述，最后一句既是论据，同时也是对前面三点的概括。全段没有一句话脱离主题句。连贯的第二层含义指的是表达上的连贯。文章的段落之间、段落中各句子之间要有一定的衔接。段落结构和句与句之间的衔接应遵照一定的顺序。段落之间的连接也应符合逻辑。这样使文章连贯紧凑，自然流畅，层次分明，脉络清晰。段落只有在具有含义一致性的同时又具有表达的连贯性才能充分有效地传达信息，真正实现写作目的。这两层意义的连贯性是相辅相成的。内容的连贯性是表达连贯性的前提，一组互不相干的句子放在一起，无法取得表达的连贯性；一致性有赖于连贯性，只有把一组意义紧密相关的句子有机地组合起来，才能真正充分有效地阐述其主题思想。就上面的例一来说，虽然它是以时间为线索将这几天串在一起，但仍让人感觉太乱。每个句子都是以星期某一天的名子开头，太单调了。各个句子之间似乎没有什么关系，应该说是一篇连贯性较差的文章。下面让我们对它稍加修改一下：The weather has been changeable. On Sunday we had a high wind that blew down some trees. Monday was so cold that we had to turn on the heat and wear out winter coats. And it remained gloomy the next day. To our pleasure, by Wednesday the weather cleared and the sun came out. But Thursday tuned out to be as hot and humid as an August day. Worse still, it began to rain this morning, and it looks as if well have a cold, steady wind for a few days.那么，如何使文章连贯呢？就议论文而言，获取连贯主要有三种方法：一是内容上的连贯，二是使用代词或有意地重复一些词，三是使用关联词语。内容上的连贯如前所述。代词和有意的重复可起到衔接的作用。例如在上面的例子中，在提到星期二时，没有用Tuesday，而是用了the next day，避免重复，并把这两天连在一起，让人感觉到了前后的承接。再如最后一句中原文用的是Friday morning，改为this morning后，意义并没有改变，但一下子把距离拉近了，既承接起前面的五天，又能与后一分句中的将来时有效的结合。关联词和插入语的使用是四级考试作文中最明显的连接手段，如上例中的and，to our pleasure，but，worse still。需要注意的是，关联词的使用是与段落（文章）的展开方法密切相关的，不要为了使用关联词而使用关联词。下面结合段落的展开方法具体加以说明。1. 列举法列举的模式通常是主题句-example 1-example 2-example 3列举时常用for example, for instance, such as, like, as proof, thus, takeas an example, to illustrate 等词语.Nonverbal communication, or body language. is communication by facial expression_rs, head or eye movements, hand signals, and body postures. It can be just as important to understanding as words are. Misunderstandings often amusing but sometimes serious-can arise between people from different culture if they misinterpret nonverbal signals. Take for example, the differences in meaning of gesture very common in the United States: a circle made with the thumb and index finger. To an American, it means that everything is ok. To a Japanese, it means that you are talking about money. In France, it means that something is worthless, and in Greece, it is an obscene gesture. Therefore, an American could unknowingly offend a Greek by using that particular hand signal.2. 分类法一般是在主题句之后，依次罗列段落指示词所表达的几个部分或几个方面。然后，选用丰富的事例对所罗列的各个部分或各个方面进行具体地说明或解释。There are three basic kinds of materials that can be found in any good library. First, there are books on all subjects, both in English and in many other languages. These books are organized according to subject, title, and author in a central file caned the card catalog. Books can generally be checked out of the library and taken home for a period of two to four weeks. Second, there are reference works. which include encyclopedias, dictionaries, bibliography, atlases, etc., and which generally must be used in the library itself. Third, there are periodicals- magazines, newspapers, pamphlets-which are flied alphabetically in racks, or which have been filmed to conserve space. Like reference works, periodicals cannot usually be removed from the library.分类时常用：most of all， next，moreover， in addition，besides，furthermore，to begin with，to start with，first of all，first，second，third3. 因果关系在段落一开头，就用主题句点明其因果关系，然后选用有关材料，客观的罗列某些原因或结果，以证阐述的中心思想。Growing numbers of well-to-do Americans are making the decision to move abroad. They find it impossible in America to walk the streets at night without fear of being raped, mugged, or murdered, nor do they see a way to escape the poisonous air of the cities. They maintain that even American food has become increasingly dangerous to eat. Last but not least, they insist that they are sick of the pace of American life, a pace that leaves no time for relaxation or pleasure.因果关系常用语汇: because of, so, owing to, thanks to, thus, as a result of, hence, for this reason, consequently, is caused by, lead to, result in4比较法主题句必须明确表明所要比较的对象和所要比较的范围，实际上就是罗列两个或两个以上比较对象的相同点。Learning English is like building a house. Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step. In other words, you should reads, you should read and speak English every day. Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful. Like building a house, learning English takes some time. So dont be impatient. Remember, Rome wasnt built in a day.常用语汇：at the same time, similar to, accordingly, both, show a degree of similarity, similarly, lie and so , the same as, and too, in the same way, in a like manner5举例法列举事实或举出实例来说明中心思想, 是简单易行、具有说服力的写作方法。Communicating with other people by telephone is very convenient, especially when you have something urgent. For example, if one of your family members is seriously ill at right, and you dont know how to deal with it and where to find a doctor, what can you do? A telephone is the answer. Dial 120 and you will get services from the hospital very soon. 英语写作绝招1 开头万能公式一：名人名言有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？经典句型：A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that2 开头万能公式二：数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9 of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78都是假的。Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：A recent statistics shows that 写作绝招结尾万能公式：1 结尾万能公式一：如此结论说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！更多过渡短语：to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus更多句型：Thus, it can be concluded that, Therefore, we can find that2 结尾万能公式二：如此建议如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.写作绝招写作的“七项基本原则”：一、 长 短 句原则工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 主 题 句原则国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 一 二 三原则领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗）2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗）3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗）4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗）5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）8）most important of all, moreover, finally9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！四、 短语优先原则写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：I cannot bear it.可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如：走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！六、 多变句式原则1）加法（串联）都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短语可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover2）转折（拐弯抹角）批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。The