2019版高考英语二轮复习第3板块专题6书面表达第1节八大写作技法学案（含解析）.docx

第1节 八大写作技法技法一认真审题，拟全要点1审体裁，避免格式错误无论书信还是通知都有各自的格式，写对格式是考生写作成功的第一步。(1)书信的格式：Dear ， Yours，Li Hua(2)通知的格式：书面通知：在正文之前的正中位置写Notice字样。结尾要写明通知发布单位。口头通知：固定的开场白；Ladies and gentlemen/Boys and girls，may I have your attention please?常用的结束语；Thats all.Thank you.2审时间，避免时态错误要正确判断谓语动词的时态，这是句子的核心。例如2018全国卷书信的主体时态是一般现在时；2018全国卷通知的时态以一般将来时和一般现在时为主。3审内容，避免要点缺失遗漏要点是写作大忌。如要点不全，即使语言正确，结构合理，连贯通顺，也不可能得高分。(2018全国卷)假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1到达时间；2.合适的礼物；3.餐桌礼仪。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 考生作文名师点评作文提升My friend Terry，I am delighted to know your Chinese friend has invited you to a dinner party.It is a really good opportunity to experience Chinese culture.Now Id like to offer you some advices.First of all，you should arrive on time because it is polite to be on time in China.Secondly，you should bring a small gift，such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates if they have young children.Most importantly，the elderly are usually the first to eat the food served on the table because they are well respected in China.Lastly，you should praise your friend for the delicious food he offers.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua 总体来说，此篇作文人称、时态、词数都符合要求。(1)格式欠妥：此篇作文开头格式不符合要求。(2)要点不当：此篇作文在结尾处应是希望对方过得愉快，而不是希望对方回信。(3)用词错误：advice是不可数名词，不能加-s。(4)重复用词：此篇作文用了三次you should和两次on time。应采用多样化的表达方式。(5)有些词汇可进行提升：例如eat，polite等，可寻求更高级的表达。(6)句式方面也可进行提升：第一段中的主动语态可变为被动语态；另外可以用which引导的定语从句把两个句子合成一个复合句。Dear Terry，I am delighted to know you are invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend，which is a really good opportunity to experience Chinese culture.Here are some tips for you.First of all，you should arrive on time because it is good manners to be punctual in China.Secondly，you are supposed to bring a small gift，such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates if they have young children.Most importantly，the elderly are usually the first to taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China.Lastly，dont forget to praise your friend for the delicious food he offers.I hope you will have a good time.Yours，Li Hua.结合下列写作要求，完成谋篇及拟点任务假设你是李华，你的外国网友Peter因迷恋手机游戏而被父母批评，他为此写信向你抱怨。请给他写一封回信，要点包括：1对Peter受到批评表示遗憾；2指出Peter的错误；3给出建议。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 一、认真审题1本文为信件，属于应用文，应注意书信的格式。2时态以一般现在时为主。3人称以第二和第一人称为主。二、拟全要点1听到你受到父母的批评我感到很遗憾。2老实说，你确实该受责备。3作为学生，我们的首要任务是努力学习而不是沉迷于手机游戏。4你父母的所作所为都是因为他们关心你。5你非常有必要合理安排学习和休闲时间。6你绝不该再沉迷于手机游戏从而让你父母失望。三、范文填充Dear Peter，Im sorry to hear that you were scolded by your parents.But to be honest，1.it is indeed you that are to blame.To start with，it is the primary task 2.to study hard rather than stay addicted to phone games.In addition，the reason why your parents criticised you is 3.that they care about you.How I wish you could put yourself in their shoes! Whats more，it is necessary that 4.you arrange your time for study and leisure wisely.At no time should you let phone games absorb you again and disappoint your parents.Hope what I say will cheer you up.Yours sincerely， Li Hua.书面表达(邀请信)(2018包头市模拟)假定你是李华，你们学校将要举办“中华经典文学诵读比赛”(Chinese Classics Reciting Contest)，你的英国好友Peter对中国文化很感兴趣，请你根据以下信息，给他写一封信，邀请他参加比赛。要点如下：1举办时间和地点；2朗诵内容与形式；3期待参与。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【参考范文】Dear Peter，A Chinese Classics Reciting Contest will be hosted in my school.Knowing that you are really into Chinese culture，Im writing to invite you to participate in the contest.It will be held in the school lecture hall from 2：00 to 4：00 on the afternoon of April 15.All the competitors are required to recite several Chinese poems or essays within given time.The forms of the activity are various，reciting on your own，in pairs or in groups.The prizes will go to the best five performers.Im sure it will be great fun and beneficial to your language learning.Hope you can join us.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua技法二引人入胜的开篇语1如何写好开头？开头一般来说要做到开门见山，使读者了解文章要谈什么，最好能立刻引起读者的兴趣。(1)背景法说明事件发生的时间、地点等背景。典例Last week，a group of international students visited our school.(2018北京高考书面表达)(2)数据法引用已经证实的统计数字来引出话题。典例The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015.(2017江苏高考书面表达)(3)主题句法提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明和论述的主题。典例When it comes to the season I like best，summer will always occur to me in no time.(2016四川高考书面表达)(4)实例法通过一个实例或现象引出话题。典例Online voting becomes increasingly popular，and many competitions get people involved in it.(2016江苏高考书面表达)(5)问题法用提出问题的方法来引出文章的内容，以吸引读者的注意力。典例Why do we go to university? Different people have different opinions.(6)引语法摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语作为文章的开端。典例There is an old English saying，“Gain time，gain life”Then what is time? Time is a kind of thing that we cant see or touch，but we can feel it pass by.2书信的开头英语书信的特点是开门见山，在写作中我们常用Im writing to do sth.来表达目的；用Id like to do sth.来表示打算。求职信可说：Im writing to apply for the position .或Learning from.，Id like to apply for the post .咨询信可说：Im writing to inquire/ask for some information about .感谢信可说：Im writing to express my thanks for .或Id like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for .建议信可说：Im writing to express my view concerning .投诉信可说：Im writing to complain about .道歉信可说：Im writing to make an apology to you for .邀请信可说：Im writing to tell you something about .Would you like to .?3通知的开头直接说明通知内容，常用there be句式或被动语态。典例1There will be a short English clubGrowing Together this weekend.(2018全国卷书面表达)典例2An exciting event “Innovations on Campus”is around the corner.Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills.(2014辽宁高考书面表达)典例3An English Club will be set up on September 16,2017 in our school.典例4There will be a lecture on American culture in our school on Friday evening.(2018全国卷)你受学生会委托，为学校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看Growing Together，内容包括：1短片内容：学校的发展；2放映时间、地点；3欢迎对短片提出意见。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增添细节，以使行文连贯。 考生作文(开头)名师点评作文提升There is going to have a short English film this weekend.Its name is Growing Together.Its mainly about the development of our school.(1)文中there be结构使用错误。(2)开篇用了三个简单句，让阅卷人一看就觉得是初级水平，应采用高级句式进行提升。(3)有些单词如about也可以进行优化。There is going to be a short English film named Growing Together this weekend，which is mainly related to the development of our school.请用上述开头法翻译下列句子1上周日，我和同学们去了香山公园。Last Sunday，my classmates and I went to Xiangshan Park.(以背景开篇)2眼下，街谈巷议，人们的热门话题总离不开“三贵”：买房贵、上学贵、看病贵。Nowadays people often talk about three things that few can afford：houses，school education and medical treatment.(以主题句开篇)3当有那么多方式可以与学生家长沟通时，家访还有必要吗？Are home visits necessary when there are so many ways to communicate with students parents？(以问题开篇)4正如谚语所说的那样“时间就是金钱”，是的，情况确实就是这样。As the saying goes，“Time is money.”Yes，its indeed the case.(以引语开篇)5最近的研究表明，有50%的学生不吃早饭。A recent study shows that 50% of the school kids dont have breakfast.(以数据开篇)6当今，很多大城市的人们在抱怨交通拥挤，这已经严重影响了人们的日常生活和经济发展。Nowadays，people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic.It has seriously influenced peoples daily life and economic development.(以实例开篇).书面表达(建议信)(2018济南市模拟)假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Leslie打算到中国成都大熊猫繁育研究基地(Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding)参观，给他一些建议。内容包括：1出行方式；2出游季节；3其他注意事项。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【参考范文】Dear Leslie，Im more than glad to receive your letter where you said you would pay a visit to Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding in China and asked me for some advice.The following are my suggestions.First，its convenient for you to travel either by airplane or by high-speed train because it is very easy to get to the base from the nearby airport and station.Second，it is a good idea that you take a tour in fall，when you may have a chance to watch newly-born baby pandas.At last，do remember to wear walking shoes because you need to do some climbing sometimes.Hope you will have a good time in China.Looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely， Li Hua技法三丰富充实的细节信息高考书面表达多为开放性作文，题目要求中的提示内容很少。如果只是简单翻译提示内容，词数肯定不够，因此在写作时需要适当充实一些与提示内容相关联的细节信息。1列举具体的实例进行补充说明。例1我要花一些时间和父母在一起。Ill spend some time staying with my parents.Ill spend some time staying with my parents，chatting with them and doing some housework.例2我看到了一些不良行为。I found some bad behaviour.I found some bad behaviour.Some people scribbled on the wall; some played on the lawn and some threw rubbish everywhere.2增添相关的神态、动作、心理描写以及背景渲染等内容。例1旅行了一周后，他回到了家。After a weeks trip，he returned home.After a weeks trip，he returned home，tired but happy.例2我有时去村西的小河游泳。I went swimming in the river to the west of the village now and then.I went swimming in the river to the west of the village now and then，in which the water was very clear. 3增添相关信息的时间、地点等内容。例1我要去超市购物。Im going to do some shopping in the supermarket.Im going to do some shopping in the supermarket and wont be back until 5: 00 oclock in the afternoon.例2我已经带来了你让我归还的这两本书。I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return.I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library.4增添相关的原因、结果、条件、让步、手段、目的等内容。例1我将参加一些社会活动。I will take part in some social activities.If possible, I will take part in some social activities so that I can know more about society.例2我需要好好休息，我要做些阅读。I need a good rest.Ill do some reading.I need a good rest because I do feel tired after the hard work of all these years. Ill do some reading for fun，as well as for knowledge.5结尾适当发挥，写出个人感受、评价、愿望、倡议等。例1Although I was very tired this summer holiday，I felt very happy for what I did.(个人感受)尽管我这个暑假很累，但是我为我做的感到高兴。例2I think such activities are necessary and meaningful.(评价)我认为这样的活动很有必要也很有意义。例3I sincerely hope my advice can be helpful to you and that you can enjoy your new school life.(愿望)我衷心希望我的建议能够对你有所帮助，你能够享受你在新学校的生活。例4It is a duty for us students to protect our school environment and make it clean.(倡议)作为学生，保护我们校园的环境并使之干净是我们的职责。(2017全国卷)假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1展览时间、地点；2展览内容。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 考生作文名师点评作文提升Dear Henry，I am Li Hua.There will be a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition.It will be held in the art gallery in our city center.The time is from 8：00 am to 5：00 pm.Im writing to invite you to see the Chinese paper-cutting exhibition.Paper-cutting is a traditional art form in China.It has a long history.In the exhibition you can see many kinds of paper-cutting works.Some famous paper-cutting artists will perform how to cut paper on the spot.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua(1)作文的词数偏少一些，主要是对于展览内容的描写没能适当增加细节所致。例如悠久的历史可以具体到时间有多长，剪纸有什么用途，你会有什么收获等。另外，结尾处可以增加个人的愿望等。(2)第一段用了五个简单句，可用较复杂的句式进行优化。(3)第二段中的一些句子也可以进行优化。例如可以用复合句，there be结构等。Dear Henry，Im writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper-cutting exhibition to be held in the art gallery from 8：00 am to 5：00 pm next Sunday in our city center.Paper-cutting is a traditional art form in China，which has a history of more than 1,500 years.People often beautify their homes with paper-cutting during festivals and weddings. In the exhibition you can see paper-cutting works of various patterns.In addition，there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot.Through the exhibition，not only can you enjoy the folk art works，but also learn a lot.I hope that you can grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua.根据括号内的提示完成句子1However，it seems that people are not aware of the negative effects of mobile phones on communication.For example，many people begin to pay less attention to face-to-face communication(例如，很多人越来越不重视面对面的交流)2At that moment，I became the focus of the whole class and was full of great pride and confidence(充满了自豪和自信)3Several minutes had gone by(几分钟过去了)，but the whole class was still in complete silence.4Besides，remember to speak slowly and clearly so that you can leave a good impression on the audience and judges(以便你能够给观众和裁判留下良好的印象)5Lets develop good habits of saving energy in our daily life and try to make more contributions to a better environment(尽力为环境的改善做出更多贡献).书面表达(申请信)(2018成都市模拟)假设你是李华，从网上得知英国某校的孔子课堂(the Confucius Classroom)正在招募汉语教学助教。请根据以下提示给对方写一封邮件，申请获得这个职位：1你对国际汉语教学的认识；2你所具备的条件；3你对获得录用的愿望。注意：1词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【参考范文】Dear Sir/Madam，Im Li Hua，a graduate from China.Interested in the position advertised on your website，Im now writing to apply for it.As far as I am concerned，teaching Chinese is a good way for me to communicate with foreign friends.Besides，I can introduce the Chinese culture to children in England，which will surely promote the understanding between the two nations.I am confident to perform well in the job.Firstly，I am fluent in both Chinese and English.Additionally，I am cooperative and creative in my work，which I believe will give me an advantage over other applicants.I have been dreaming of working for the Confucius Classroom，so Id really appreciate it if you take me into consideration.Yours，Li Hua技法四巧妙的过渡，连贯的衔接为使作文的上下文语义连贯，逻辑关系清晰，在句与句之间，段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接(过渡)性词语是非常必要的。1表示起始关系的过渡性词语above all，first of all，to begin with，according to，as you know/as is known，as is shown in，when it comes to等。例1First of all，I think it important to make more friends abroad.例2As is shown in the picture，a tree is knocked down by the strong wind，while the grass stays as it is.2表示时间顺序的过渡性词语first(ly)，second(ly)，third(ly)，then，later，in the end，finally，at last，after that，afterwards，since then，meanwhile等。例1Secondly, we should get up early to memorize idioms and useful expressions.例2Meanwhile, we all enjoyed the beauty of nature.例3I had a bad cold last week.First, I had a running nose，but I did not take it seriously.Then I began to cough.After that，I had a fever and felt weak.Finally, I was sent to hospital and had to lie in bed for three days.3表示并列关系的过渡性词语and，or，also，as well as，neither .nor .，not only .but also .，either .or .，not .but .等。例1Work hard，and you will be admitted to a key university.例2Swimming not only benefits our health，but also helps us to become strong-minded.4表示转折关系的过渡性词语例1However，not until the match was over did we realize that we became the loser.例2On the contrary，smart phones not only take up our valuable time，but also do great harm to our health.5表示因果关系的过渡性词语because，as，since，for，thanks to，due to，as a result of，so，therefore，as a result/consequence等。例1Thanks to the doctors timely treatment，he was saved.例2Therefore，I suggest we should be giv