西交大研究生综合英语II课后习题 [练习与答案讲解版 unit1.doc

Unit 1 Putting in a Good Word for Guilt2. Vocabulary: (1) An increasing number of childrens books attempt to portray life as it is for members of disadvantaged and minority groups. This year saw the publication of a rich a_ of realistic fictions for children aged 8-12 and older.(2) People with n_ personality disorder have a great sense of self-importance. They seek excessive admiration from others and fantasize about unlimited success or power. (3) Studies on film consumers had indicated teenage audience as s a prime market, with the result that Hollywood filmmakers o_ catered to that market, sometimes at the expense of adult fare.(4) Robinson found many savages on this island. They were seen warring, s_ and eating each other, and sacrificing one another by thousands to their gods. (5) Attempting to make money from the growing l_ of both female and male fans of basketball, he started to write love stories with basketball as one of the elements. (6) Being somewhat older than he was, they i_ into him a false idea of their superiority, and it was by this means they retained him in their “set”a set of wild, (7) It is perhaps difficult for White South Africans, with an ingrained prejudice against communism, to understand why experienced African politicians so readily accept communists as their friends.(8) While administration officials were kept busy answering the charges, the secretary and chairman h_ back and forth between committees on both sides of the Capitol defending the pace and scope of the defense effort. (9) Thousands of soccer fans stormed the gates of an already overcrowded stadium, minutes before game time. 49 people were killed and 47 injured in the s_. (10) For a fleeting moment I felt uneasy. Like many Americans making their first trip to an unfamiliar Asian city, I had harbored q_ about just how I might be received.4. Cloze: Guilt can be a feeling of (1) about an action or situation in which you had some culpability or (2). Sometimes we can feel guilty even there is no (3).Any ideas about what has (4) the guilt? What is of interest in our context is the neurotic sense of guilt which is a form of (5) mostly connected to repressed, murderous rage. The person feels as if he had (6) a moral crime.Does too much (7) really cause too much guilt? Harsh parenting leads to decreased (8), guilt, and selfcontrol. Children are more likely to (9) a sense of morality/ conscience if parents use induction. Guilt means that a person does something that (10) their moral code, (11) system, or their sense of right/ wrong and good/ bad. In other words, once they do something (12) their duty, people will have the sense of guilt. In the final analysis we judge things by whether they (13) the purpose for which they were made. It is a (14) accepted principle that one cannot condemn something for (15) to achieve what it was never (16) to achieve. If man is merely a (17) machine, he cannot be (18) on any moral grounds (19) the behavior of machines is predetermined by their very (20) and is in no sense “moral.”答案1文章论述流程解析&流程图2. Vocabulary: assortment n. A collection of various kinds; a variety多种多样;一批品种多样的收藏；多种多样narcissistic adj.自恋的,自我陶醉的narcissist n.自我陶醉者narcissistically adv.obsessively adv.强迫性地, 着迷似地obsessive adj.1 Of, relating to, characteristic of, or causing an obsession着迷,与着迷有关的或具有着迷特征的obsessive gambling着迷于赌博2 Excessive in degree or nature急迫的,在程度或性质上过分的an obsessive need to win急迫的想赢的欲望obsessiveness n.（名词）obsess vt.(魔鬼、妄想等)缠住; 迷住常用被动结构使窘困; 使烦扰be obsessed by with 被.附上缠住, 迷住心窍obsessor n.使人烦扰的人或事slaying = slay v.tr.（及物动词）动词各种形态：slew,slain, slaying，slays1 To kill violently凶狠地杀死The soldiers slain in the battle were burried that night.在那天夜晚，埋葬了在战斗中牺牲了的战士。2 Slang To overwhelm, as with laughter or love【俚语】 深深感动; 压倒, 克服; 使禁不住大笑Those old jokes still slay me.那些古老的笑话仍让我感动。Middle English slen, slayen中古英语 slen, slayenslayer n. 杀人者, 凶手对比词汇：destroy; exterminate; kill ; put to deathlegion n.1 The major unit of the Roman army consisting of 3,000 to 6,000 infantry troops and 100 to 200 cavalry troops.古罗马军团：古罗马军队的主要单位，由3,000至6,000名步兵和100至200名骑兵组成2 A large military unit trained for combat; an army.军队，兵团：被训练以用于战斗的庞大的军事单位；军队3 A large number; a multitude.See Synonyms at multitude大量；众多.参见 multitudea legion of followers大批追随者Middle English: legioun中古英语 legiounfrom Old French legion源自 古法语 legion对照词汇：army, battalion, company, division, force, outfit, regiments, quad, team, troop, unitinstillv.tr.（及物动词）词形：in.stilled， in.still.ing， in.stills也作 in.stils1 To introduce by gradual, persistent efforts; implant:逐渐的，持续地灌输；灌输：“Morality . . . may be instilled into their minds”(Thomas Jefferson)“道德可以灌输到他们的头脑中”(托马斯杰弗逊)Middle English： instillen中古英语 instilleningrainedadj.Firmly established; deep-seated根深蒂固的；牢固的ingrained prejudice; 根深蒂固的偏见the ingrained habits of a lifetime一生的根深蒂固的习惯hustle词形：hustled， hustling， r.（不及物动词） To work or move energetically and rapidly赶忙，有干劲儿：精力充沛、动作迅速地工作或运动Come on, now! Hustle!We hustled to get dinner ready on time.我们忙着把晚餐按时准备好hustle for美口费力气想得到, 极力争取stampeden.1 A sudden frenzied rush of panic-stricken animals惊逃，受惊吓的动物突然狂奔2 A sudden headlong rush or flight of a crowd of people逃窜，一哄而散，人群突然猛冲或飞奔There was a stampede of panic-stricken crowd from the burning hotel.一群惊惶失措的人们, 从失火的旅馆中跑了出来。 3 A mass impulsive action 蜂拥a stampede of support for the candidate.纷纷支持那个侯选人qualmn.A sudden disturbing feeling不安，疑虑；突然引起不安的感觉qualms of homesickness思乡症3.Paraphrase: (1) But then it came to my mind that people have given up guilt for too long a time. During that period of time of about ten years or more, those welcome psychologists solved peoples mental problems by writing books instead of giving clinical treatment. And they are trying to advocate the concept that nobody should feel guilty for anything.(2)In the past, it was commonly thought that to love himself, everyone should first give up his guilt. For the most part of the past ten years, people deliberately ignored the sense of guilt without understanding its meaning and significance.(3)Whats more, we would never be one of those who give up their guilt while becoming more and more deteriorated in excessive admiration of themselves.(4)There are people who are tortured by unreasonable guilt. Of course we are not willing to be one of them or guide our children to be one of them.(5)In such a changeable world, our sense of duty is very likely to change our feeling. Now an old concept may conflict with a new one on what we should do. There is a great difference between our belief and the education we got, and that difference results in the sense of guilt.(6)If guilt represents the contradiction of our standards of behavior, it is a good thing full of strength and humanness.(7)In some aspect, the so-called bad feeling reflects the best nature of human being. Because we dont want to feel guilty, we will not do bad things.(8)In that aspect, guilt can make us civilized and force us by conscience to be good people instead of putting ourselves in the first place urgently.4. Cloze: remorseresponsibilityreasontriggeredanxietycommittedcriticismempathydevelopviolatevalueagainstfulfillgenerallyfailingintendedbiochemicaljudgedsincenature5. Translation:A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.人要想快乐，首先必须感到自由，其次，必须感到自己重要。假如迫于社会压力做自己不乐意做的事，或者乐于做的事被认为一文不值，毫不重要，得不到社会的承认，那么这样的人是不可能真正快乐的。倘若一个人对社会给予他的差事不感兴趣，干下去只是出于谋生和养家糊口的需要，那么此人就只是个雇佣劳动者。倘若一个人打心眼里对社会掏钱让他干的差事感兴趣，那么他就是一个工作者。一件差事究竟是劳动还是工作并不取决于差事本身，而是取决于干这个差事的人的喜好。这种差异并不等同于体力和脑力劳动之间的区别。从一个人对休闲的态度可以看出他属于哪类人。对工作者而言，休闲不过是放松休息几个小时，为的是工作起来效率更高。所以他很可能花很少的时间休息，而不是很多。对劳动者而言恰恰相反，休闲意味着摆脱了羁绊，他总盼着少干多玩，工作时间越短越好，这种想法也在情理之中。 B. Translate the following sentences into English.(1)People appealed to the government to put in a good word for the real hero after the truth came out.(2)On the coming of the New Year, it occurred to Sam that he should put aside his work for a while and call his parents.(3