短语和固定词汇的使用2008111.doc

Notes for the test (2008.10.)I. Translation and writing:1. deprive sb / sth. of sth.; take sth. away from sb. / sth.; prevent sb. / sth. from enjoying or using sth. -deprive of ones civil rights;-deprive a house of light; 遮住房子的光线；-She said that the treatment she had received in the hospital had completely deprived her of her dignity.她说自己在医院所受到的待遇完完全全剥夺了她的尊严。-No one can function properly if they are deprived of adequate sleep. 要是被剥夺了充足的睡眠时间，没人能不出毛病。-There were food shortage and other deprivation（剥夺；丧失）= lack of the things that are usually considered necessary for a pleasant life = during the civil war. 内战时期食物短缺，其他必需品也极为缺乏。 derive; to get or to obtain sth. from sth. else; 得到；获得； -She derives great joy / pleasure / satisfaction from / out of playing the violin. 她从演奏小提琴中得到极大的欢乐 / 愉快 / 满足。 2. be bored with sth. / sb.; be bored of doing sth.; be tired of sth.; be bored stiff / to tears / death; be completely uninterested in sth.; -I sat there pretending to listen but I was bored stiff bored to tears / death.我坐在那儿假装听，但我一点都不感兴趣。 -He was getting bored with / of doing the same thing every day. 他对每天都做同样的事感觉越来越没劲。 -Many of the students in his class were bored rigid = were made very bored by the lecture. 他班里的许多学生都对讲座感到十分厌倦了。 3. feel / be proud of sb. / sth.; feel / be proud to do sth. feel / be proud that clause; take pride in; -They all were proud to belong to / that they belonged to such a fine -The students were very much proud of their success / of being successful. -The CEO is particularly proud of the environmental record of his company. 该首席执行长官对他公司在环保方面的良好纪录感到特别自豪。 -The man is proud to have played a part in what has been, in a very real sense, a team effort. 那位男子为能参加这一项其实说来是集体努力的工作而引以为荣。-If you dont take professional pride in your work, you are probably in the wrong job. 如果你对你的工作不能产生职业自豪感，那你可能入错了行。4. do some publicity against sth.; publicity; the activity of making certain that someone or sth. attracts a lot of interest or attention from many people, or the attention received as a result of this activity; 宣传；注意；名声； -The concert wasnt given much advancepublicity, so many tickets remained unsold. 这次音乐会事先没做很多宣传，所以很多票没有卖出去。 -The publicity material sent out by the company stressed their concern for the environment. 这个公司散发的宣传材料强调了他们对环境的关心。 -The president stressed the need for calm in TV and radio broadcasts throughout the day. 总统整天通过电视和电台广播强调保持冷静的必要性。 5. effect; the result of a particular influence; 结果；效力；影响； -He tried taking tablets for the headache but they didnt have any effect. -Separately his features are rather strange, bur the overall effect is somehow very attractive. 他的五官分开来看都挺怪，但总起来看不知怎么地却有一种非常动人的效果。 influence; the power to have an effect on people or things, or a person or thing that is able to do this; 影响；作用；有影响的人或事物； -Violence on TV may turn out to be a potent influence on some young people. 电视里的暴力行为也许会对某些青年人产生很大的影响。 potent; powerful; strong; forceful; effective; 强有力的；有效力的；有影响力的； -In his speech he presented a potentpersuasive argument for increasing taxes. 在他的演讲中，他就增税提出了有力的论证。 impact; the force with which one thing has another or with which two things hit each other; 冲击；撞击；影响；作用； -The anti-smoking campaign had had / made quite an impact on the young people. 禁烟活动对年轻人有着 / 造成了不小的影响。 -The new proposals were intended to soften the impact of the reformed tax system. 新的计划意在减轻改革后的税制所造成的影响。6. prevent; stop or hinder sb. / sth.; -prevent the spread of a disease / a disease from spreading;forbid; order sb. not to do sth.;prohibit; forbid sth. or sb. from doing sth. esp. by laws, rules or regulations; -The law prohibits the tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children.hinder; prevent the progress of sb. / sth.; obstruct or delay sb. / sth.; 阻碍；妨碍；-Production in many factories of the local areas have been hindered by lack of materials. 由于缺乏原材料，-Smoking hinders the ability of the heart and lungs to recover quickly from the effects of surgery. 吸烟会阻碍心肺迅速恢复手术影响的能力。-He is obviously embarrassed about it because he forbade me to tell anyone.他显然很不好意思，因为他不许我对任何人说。 7. make laws lay down operating rules; 制定操作规程； draw up / draft a constitution / a contract / list / plan / proposal; 制定宪法 / 起草一份合同 / 拟就清单 / 制定计划 / 起草提议； formulate a policy / a plan / a new system / program / solution; 制定政策 / 制定计划 / 规划新的制度 / 编制新程序 / 提出新的解决办法； work out a plan; 制定计划； sort / iron / figure out come up with advance put forward 8. put into effect; -The provisions of the agreement are being put into effect. 协定的条款正在付诸实施。 carry out; to perform or complete a job or an activity; to fulfill; 实行；进行；执行； -It is hoped that the kidnappers will not carry out their threat to kill the hostages. 绑架者威胁将杀死人质，希望他们不会这样做。implement; to put a plan or a system into operation; 实施；贯彻； -The changes to the national health system will be implemented / carried out next year. 国民保健体制的改革从明年开始实施。 enforce; to cause a rule, law, etc. to be obeyed, or to cause a particular desired situation to happen or be accepted, esp. when people are unwilling to accept it; 实施；使生效；迫使；强加；-The regulations should always be strictly enforced. 规章应始终严格执行。-It is not always easy for the police to enforce the speed limits.II. Section A:essential harmful thankful indispensable apparent (明显；明了) appropriate beneficial equal accustomed equivalent helpful hostile inaccessible inferior loyal parallel (和平行) / withpreferable (比更好) proportional (与.成比例;相称的)relevant；relative(与 / 和有关) resistant (抵抗；反抗)sensitive inadequate Examples:1. The old lady and her spouse were very much grateful to the police who helped them find the lost dog pet.2. That full professor is always very sensitive to the reaction of the audience when he gives lectures.3. These tiny creatures are hardly visible to the naked eyes.4. They all wonder if such a system will be beneficial to the society.5. Chemically speaking, this sort of rock is identical to limestone.6. 83% of those surveyed said that teachers should be held in high esteem because they are committed to the shaping of the younger generation, ( to )an undertaking crucial to achieving a higher level of education in China.老师肩负着培养下一代的重任，是提高全民文化素质的决定因素，值得尊重。7. The highway is parallel to the railway.8. According to the agreement, payment will be proportional to the amount of the work done in the same company.9. Nowadays there are many different species of insects that have become resistant to insecticide.10. His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion. Section B:be afraid of ashamed awarecapable certaincharacteristic descriptiveconscious consideratedoubtful fondguilt incapableindependent indicativeinnocent jealousinsensitiveExamples;1. Though most of us would like to think ourselves free from such prejudiced notions, we are all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent. (虽然我们大多数人会认为自己没有这样的偏见，但在某种程度上，我们都有对名字产生固定看法的毛病。)2. It is considerate of you not to play the violin while I was preparing for my final examination.3. Are you conscious of how people will regard such behavior in public? noticing the existence or presence of something particular; 意识到的；感到的； -He gradually became conscious of the fact that he was the only man at the party who wasnt wearing a suit.4. I dont think you are